Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015

An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design

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EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates

Good, S. A., Martin, M. J., & Rayner, N. A. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1002/2013jc009067 · Cited by 1,861

V ERTICAL M IXING, E NERGY, AND THE G ENERAL C IRCULATION OF THE O CEANS

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Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus

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World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0–2000 m), 1955–2010

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Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data

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Warming of the world ocean, 1955–2003

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Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise

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Global ocean heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems

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Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets*

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Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during surface-temperature hiatus periods

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An apparent hiatus in global warming?

Trenberth, K. E., & Fasullo, J. T. (2013) · Earth's Future · doi:10.1002/2013ef000165 · Cited by 645

Revisiting the Earth's sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008

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Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus

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Earth's energy imbalance and implications

Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., & von Schuckmann, K. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011 · Cited by 586

Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array

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Distinctive climate signals in reanalysis of global ocean heat content

Balmaseda, M. A., Trenberth, K. E., & Källén, E. (2013) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/grl.50382 · Cited by 543

A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change

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Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006

Roemmich, D., Church, J., Gilson, J., Monselesan, D., Sutton, P., & Wijffels, S. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2513 · Cited by 481

Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections

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Varying planetary heat sink led to global-warming slowdown and acceleration

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An imperative to monitor Earth's energy imbalance

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Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales

Willis, J. K., Roemmich, D., & Cornuelle, B. (2004) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2003jc002260 · Cited by 412

Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus

Lee, S.-K., Park, W., Baringer, M. O., Gordon, A. L., Huber, B., & Liu, Y. (2015) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2438 · Cited by 407

Decadal-Scale Temperature Trends in the Southern Hemisphere Ocean

Gille, S. T. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2131.1 · Cited by 399

On depth and temperature biases in bathythermograph data: Development of a new correction scheme based on analysis of a global ocean database

Gouretski, V., & Reseghetti, F. (2010) · Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.011 · Cited by 394

Earth’s Energy Imbalance

Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., & Balmaseda, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-13-00294.1 · Cited by 391

Robust warming of the global upper ocean

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Seasonal aspects of the recent pause in surface warming

Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., Branstator, G., & Phillips, A. S. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2341 · Cited by 316

How much is the ocean really warming?

Gouretski, V., & Koltermann, K. P. (2007) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2006gl027834 · Cited by 279

A reversal of climatic trends in the North Atlantic since 2005

Robson, J., Ortega, P., & Sutton, R. (2016) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2727 · Cited by 243

Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and ocean heat content

Church, J. A., White, N. J., & Arblaster, J. M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04237 · Cited by 239

Ocean heat uptake and its consequences for the magnitude of sea level rise and climate change

Kuhlbrodt, T., & Gregory, J. M. (2012) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2012gl052952 · Cited by 233

Has there been a hiatus?

Trenberth, K. E. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac9225 · Cited by 218

Recent hiatus caused by decadal shift in Indo-Pacific heating

Nieves, V., Willis, J. K., & Patzert, W. C. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa4521 · Cited by 216

Recent slowing of Atlantic overturning circulation as a recovery from earlier strengthening

Jackson, L. C., Peterson, K. A., Roberts, C. D., & Wood, R. A. (2016) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2715 · Cited by 192

Changes in global net radiative imbalance 1985–2012

Allan, R. P., Liu, C., Loeb, N. G., Palmer, M. D., Roberts, M., Smith, D., & Vidale, P. (2014) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2014gl060962 · Cited by 189

Benefits of CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble in Reconstructing Historical Ocean Subsurface Temperature Variations

Cheng, L., & Zhu, J. (2016) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-15-0730.1 · Cited by 189

Deep and abyssal ocean warming from 35 years of repeat hydrography

Desbruyères, D. G., Purkey, S. G., McDonagh, E. L., Johnson, G. C., & King, B. A. (2016) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl070413 · Cited by 172

An objective ocean temperature and salinity analysis using covariances from a global climate model

Smith, D. M., & Murphy, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jc003172 · Cited by 157

Ocean heat content variability and change in an ensemble of ocean reanalyses

Palmer, M. D., Roberts, C. D., Balmaseda, M., Chang, Y., Chepurin, G. A., Ferry, N., Fujii, Y., Good, S., Guinehut, S., Haines, K., et al. (2015) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2801-0 · Cited by 148

Insights into Earth’s Energy Imbalance from Multiple Sources

Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J., von Schuckmann, K., & Cheng, L. (2016) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0339.1 · Cited by 140

The “Pause” in Global Warming: Turning a Routine Fluctuation into a Problem for Science

Lewandowsky, S., Risbey, J. S., & Орескес, Н. (2015) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-14-00106.1 · Cited by 134

Estimating Global Ocean Heat Content Changes in the Upper 1800 m since 1950 and the Influence of Climatology Choice*

Lyman, J. M., & Johnson, G. C. (2013) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00752.1 · Cited by 132

Sensitivity of Global Upper-Ocean Heat Content Estimates to Mapping Methods, XBT Bias Corrections, and Baseline Climatologies*

Boyer, T., Domingues, C. M., Good, S., Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., Ishii, M., Gouretski, V., Willis, J. K., Antonov, J. I., Wijffels, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-15-0801.1 · Cited by 125

XBT Science: Assessment of Instrumental Biases and Errors

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Informing Deep Argo Array Design Using Argo and Full-Depth Hydrographic Section Data

Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., & Purkey, S. G. (2015) · Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology · doi:10.1175/jtech-d-15-0139.1 · Cited by 108

A Comparative Analysis of Upper-Ocean Heat Content Variability from an Ensemble of Operational Ocean Reanalyses

Xue, Y., Balmaseda, M., Boyer, T., Ferry, N., Good, S., Ishikawa, I., Kumar, A., Rienecker, M. M., Rosati, A. J., & Yin, Y. (2012) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00542.1 · Cited by 92

Estimating Annual Global Upper-Ocean Heat Content Anomalies despite Irregular In Situ Ocean Sampling*

Lyman, J. M., & Johnson, G. C. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2259.1 · Cited by 91

Consistency of the current global ocean observing systems from an Argo perspective

von Schuckmann, K., Sallée, J., Chambers, D. P., Traon, P. L., Cabanes, C., Gaillard, F., Speich, S., & Hamon, M. (2014) · Ocean science · doi:10.5194/os-10-547-2014 · Cited by 77

Is the detection of accelerated sea level rise imminent?

Fasullo, J., Nerem, R. S., & Hamlington, B. D. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31245 · Cited by 74

Changes in Tropical Clouds and Radiation

Trenberth, K. E. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.296.5576.2095a · Cited by 72

Spectral Description of Low-Frequency Oceanic Variability

Zang, X., & Wunsch, C. I. (2001) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<3073:sdolfo>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 64

Artifacts in variations of ocean heat content induced by the observation system changes

Cheng, L., & Zhu, J. (2014) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2014gl061881 · Cited by 62

Constraining climate model parameters from observed 20th century changes

Forest, C. E., Stone, P. H., & Sokolov, A. (2008) · Tellus A Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00346.x · Cited by 57

Distinctive ocean interior changes during the recent warming slowdown

Cheng, L., Zheng, F., & Zhu, J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep14346 · Cited by 44

Global Upper Ocean Heat Content Estimation: Recent Progress and the Remaining Challenges

Cheng, Li-Jing, Zhu, Jiang, J., John, J. K., & Abraham (2015) · Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters · Cited by 13

An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

Sherwood, S. C., Webb, M. J., Annan, J. D., Armour, K. C., Forster, P. M., Hargreaves, J. C., Hegerl, G., Klein, S. A., Marvel, K. D., Rohling, E. J., et al. (2020) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2019rg000678 · Cited by 1,254

Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era

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Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities

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Global sea-level budget 1993–present

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Increasing ocean stratification over the past half-century

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