The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ATR and ATRIP: Partners in Checkpoint Signaling
Abstract
The checkpoint kinases ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3 related) transduce genomic stress signals to halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. We report the identification of an ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) that is phosphorylated by ATR, regulates ATR expression, and is an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. ATR and ATRIP both localize to intranuclear foci after DNA damage or inhibition of replication. Deletion of ATR mediated by the Cre recombinase caused the loss of ATR and ATRIP expression, loss of DNA damage checkpoint responses, and cell death. Therefore, ATR is essential for the viability of human somatic cells. Small interfering RNA directed against ATRIP caused the loss of both ATRIP and ATR expression and the loss of checkpoint responses to DNA damage. Thus, ATRIP and ATR are mutually dependent partners in cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways.
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“ATR in complex with its nuclear binding partner ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) binds to this RPA-coated ssDNA via an ATRIP-RPA interaction. ATRIP also serves to activate the checkpoint kinase activity of ATR 4, 27–30.”
From Xeroderma Pigmentosa Group A (XPA), Nucleotide Excision Repair and Regulation by ATR in Response to Ultraviolet Irradiation (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Activated ATR kinase phosphorylates many downstream mediators/effectors which include checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), A-kinase-anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12), p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase 2 (MK2), the tumor suppressor protein p53, ATRIP and XPA 27, 31–33.”
From Xeroderma Pigmentosa Group A (XPA), Nucleotide Excision Repair and Regulation by ATR in Response to Ultraviolet Irradiation (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“PKA-induced phosphorylation of ATR is distinct from the ATR-Chk1 pathway (Cortez et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2000) since phosphorylation of Ser435 does not promote Chk1 phosphorylation or cell cycle arrest”
From RETRACTED: PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation of ATR Promotes Recruitment of XPA to UV-Induced DNA Damage (2014) · cites this paper as Cortez et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“ATR-interacting protein ATRIP is recruited to ssDNA via direct interaction between RPA and ATRIP, thereby recruiting ATR to RPA-ssDNA [100, 101].”
From Functional interplay between ATM/ATR-mediated DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways in oxidative stress (2014) · cites this paper as [101]
Citations
Cites
Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
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Activation of the ATM Kinase by Ionizing Radiation and Phosphorylation of p53
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Self-citationA role for ATR in the DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53
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ATR disruption leads to chromosomal fragmentation and early embryonic lethality
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ATM and ATR: networking cellular responses to DNA damage
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Involvement of Brca1 in S-Phase and G 2 -Phase Checkpoints after Ionizing Irradiation
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DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme?
Durocher, D., & Jackson, S. P. (2001) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00201-5 · Cited by 523
Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress
Tibbetts, R. S., Cortez, D., Brumbaugh, K. M., Scully, R., Livingston, D., Elledge, S. J., & Abraham, R. T. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.851000 · Cited by 512
Self-citationRecovery from DNA replicational stress is the essential function of the S-phase checkpoint pathwayPreprint
Desany, B. A., Alcasabas, A. A., Bachant, J. B., & Elledge, S. J. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.18.2956 · Cited by 448
Self-citationTargeted disruption of the cell-cycle checkpoint gene ATR leads to early embryonic lethality in mice
de Klein, A., Muijtjens, M., van Os, R. P., Verhoeven, Y., Smit, B., Carr, A. M., Lehmann, A. R., & Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00447-4 · Cited by 443
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3 checkpoint gene.
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Paciotti, V., Clerici, M., Lucchini, G., & Longhese, M. P. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.14.16.2046 · Cited by 246
A Rad3–Rad26 complex responds to DNA damage independently of other checkpoint proteins
Edwards, R. J., Bentley, N. J., & Carr, A. M. (1999) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/15623 · Cited by 199
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mus304 encodes a novel DNA damage checkpoint protein required during Drosophila developmentPreprint
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- J. A. Wright et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 7445 (1998).
- See supplemental Web information available on Science Online at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5547/1713/DC1.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian DNA Repair and the DNA Damage Checkpoints
Sancar, A., Lindsey-Boltz, L. A., Ünsal-Kaçmaz, K., & Linn, S. (2004) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723 · Cited by 3,317
Kim, D., Sarbassov, D. D., Ali, S. M., King, J. E., Latek, R. R., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Tempst, P., & Sabatini, D. M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00808-5 · Cited by 3,051
Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer
Kastan, M. B., & Bartek, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03097 · Cited by 2,836
Sensing DNA Damage Through ATRIP Recognition of RPA-ssDNA Complexes
Zou, L., & Elledge, S. J. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083430 · Cited by 2,693
Self-citationATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity
Shiloh, Y. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1011 · Cited by 2,577
Metadata
- Authors
- Cortez, D., Guntuku, S., Qin, J., & Elledge, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Verna and Mars McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
- Corresponding author
- Elledge, Stephen J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-11-23
- Volume
- 294
- Issue
- 5547
- Pages
- 1713-1716
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1968552183
- Cited by
- 985
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 16.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- ATR, ATRIP, ATM, DNA damage checkpoint, genomic stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, replication stress, protein phosphorylation, cell viability
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Cycle, Cell Line, Cell Survival, DNA Damage, DNA-Binding Proteins, Exodeoxyribonucleases, Exons, HeLa Cells, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Molecular Weight, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Precipitin Tests, Protein Binding, Viral Proteins, Signal Transduction, Sequence Alignment, Cell Death, Conserved Sequence, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Gene Deletion, Cell Cycle Proteins, Integrases, Genes, Essential, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
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