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Calibration of Sulfate Levels in the Archean Ocean

Habicht, Kirsten S., Gade, Michael, Thamdrup, Bo, Berg, Peter, Canfield, Donald E.·2002·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1078265

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Abstract

The size of the marine sulfate reservoir has grown through Earth's history, reflecting the accumulation of oxygen into the atmosphere. Sulfur isotope fractionation experiments on marine and freshwater sulfate reducers, together with the isotope record, imply that oceanic Archean sulfate concentrations were <200 microM, which is less than one-hundredth of present marine sulfate levels and one-fifth of what was previously thought. Such low sulfate concentrations were maintained by volcanic outgassing of SO2 gas, and severely suppressed sulfate reduction rates allowed for a carbon cycle dominated by methanogenesis.

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Authors: Habicht, K. S., Gade, M., Thamdrup, B., Berg, P., & Canfield, D. E.
Affiliations: University of Southern Denmark (DK)
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author: Canfield, Donald E.
ORCID: Thamdrup, Bo
Berg, Peter
Canfield, Donald E.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2002-12-20
Volume: 298
Issue: 5602
Pages: 2372-2374
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1078265
OpenAlex: W2034146435
Cited by: 756
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 18.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: Archean ocean, marine sulfate, sulfur isotope fractionation, sulfate reduction, volcanic outgassing, SO2, methanogenesis
MeSH terms: Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Fresh Water, Iron, Methane, Oceans and Seas, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Seawater, Sulfates, Sulfides, Time, Geologic Sediments, Archaeoglobus fulgidus

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Calibration of Sulfate Levels in the Archean Ocean

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