Long-term sedimentary recycling of rare sulphur isotope anomalies

Reinhard, Christopher T.; Planavsky, Noah J.; Lyons, Timothy W.

doi:10.1038/nature12021

Cited by 113Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeological and Geochemical AnalysisGeochemistry and Elemental Analysis

Long-term sedimentary recycling of rare sulphur isotope anomalies

Reinhard, Christopher T., Planavsky, Noah J., Lyons, Timothy W.·2013·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature12021

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Abstract

The accumulation of substantial quantities of O2 in the atmosphere has come to control the chemistry and ecological structure of Earth's surface. Non-mass-dependent (NMD) sulphur isotope anomalies in the rock record are the central tool used to reconstruct the redox history of the early atmosphere. The generation and initial delivery of these anomalies to marine sediments requires low partial pressures of atmospheric O2 (p(O2); refs 2, 3), and the disappearance of NMD anomalies from the rock record 2.32 billion years ago is thought to have signalled a departure from persistently low atmospheric oxygen levels (less than about 10(-5) times the present atmospheric level) during approximately the first two billion years of Earth's history. Here we present a model study designed to describe the long-term surface recycling of crustal NMD anomalies, and show that the record of this geochemical signal is likely to display a 'crustal memory effect' following increases in atmospheric p(O2) above this threshold. Once NMD anomalies have been buried in the upper crust they are extremely resistant to removal, and can be erased only through successive cycles of weathering, dilution and burial on an oxygenated Earth surface. This recycling results in the residual incorporation of NMD anomalies into the sedimentary record long after synchronous atmospheric generation of the isotopic signal has ceased, with dynamic and measurable signals probably surviving for as long as 10-100 million years subsequent to an increase in atmospheric p(O2) to more than 10(-5) times the present atmospheric level. Our results can reconcile geochemical evidence for oxygen production and transient accumulation with the maintenance of NMD anomalies on the early Earth, and suggest that future work should investigate the notion that temporally continuous generation of new NMD sulphur isotope anomalies in the atmosphere was likely to have ceased long before their ultimate disappearance from the rock record.

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Recycling of continental sulfides with S-MIF signals cannot explain these new data.
“Recycling of continental sulfides with S-MIF signals, which has previously been used to interpret the small Δ33S values in this time interval (25, 46), cannot explain these new data (see the Supplementary Materials).”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [46]

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Authors: Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., & Lyons, T. W.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
Corresponding author: Reinhard, Christopher T.
ORCID: Reinhard, Christopher T.
Planavsky, Noah J.
Lyons, Timothy W.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-04-24
Volume: 497
Issue: 7447
Pages: 100-103
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature12021
OpenAlex: W1989688923
Cited by: 113
References: 146
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 5.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: atmospheric oxygenation, crustal recycling, sedimentary preservation, sulphur cycle, sulfur isotope fractionation, sulfur solubility
MeSH terms: Atmosphere, Oceans and Seas, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Sulfur Isotopes, Time Factors, Ecosystem, Geologic Sediments, History, Ancient

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Long-term sedimentary recycling of rare sulphur isotope anomalies

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