Cited by 731Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource ManagementLand Use and Ecosystem ServicesWildlife Ecology and Conservation

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Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges

Wittemyer, George, Elsen, Paul, Bean, William T., Burton, A. Coleman O., Brashares, Justin S.·2008·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1158900

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Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) have long been criticized as creations of and for an elite few, where associated costs, but few benefits, are borne by marginalized rural communities. Contrary to predictions of this argument, we found that average human population growth rates on the borders of 306 PAs in 45 countries in Africa and Latin America were nearly double average rural growth, suggesting that PAs attract, rather than repel, human settlement. Higher population growth on PA edges is evident across ecoregions, countries, and continents and is correlated positively with international donor investment in national conservation programs and an index of park-related funding. These findings provide insight on the value of PAs for local people, but also highlight a looming threat to PA effectiveness and biodiversity conservation.

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“…coyotes (Canis latrans) (McClure et al 1995; Fedriani et al 2001), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) (Abay et al 2011), golden jackal (Macdonald 1979; Yom-Tov et al 1995), and Australian dingo (Canis lupus dingo) (Newsome et al 2014) have all been found to be dependent on anthropogenic subsidies…”
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“We used population and land use within a specified area surrounding PAs (i.e., buffers) (Wittemyer et al., 2008) as a proxy for potential pressures resulting from socioeconomic states and indirect drivers, such as deforestation or overexploitation of ecosystem resources near PAs.”
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“Alarmingly, as highlighted by Wittemyer et al. (2008), human population growth continues at a rapid pace around the national parks, a trend, which is a serious threat to the remaining biodiversity isolated in these protected areas.”
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Authors: Wittemyer, G., Elsen, P., Bean, W. T., Burton, A. C. O., & Brashares, J. S.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Corresponding author: Wittemyer, George
Brashares, Justin S.
ORCID: Wittemyer, George
Elsen, Paul
Bean, William T.
Brashares, Justin S.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2008-07-04
Volume: 321
Issue: 5885
Pages: 123-126
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1158900
OpenAlex: W2093559267
Cited by: 731
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 37.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Keywords: protected areas, population growth, rural settlement, conservation effectiveness, biodiversity conservation, donor funding, conservation funding, Africa, Latin America
MeSH terms: Conservation of Natural Resources, Financial Support, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, International Agencies, Latin America, Population Growth, Poverty, Rural Population, Ecosystem, Africa South of the Sahara, Biodiversity

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Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges

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