Cited by 731Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource ManagementLand Use and Ecosystem ServicesWildlife Ecology and Conservation

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Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges

Wittemyer, George, Elsen, Paul, Bean, William T., Burton, A. Coleman O., Brashares, Justin S.·2008·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1158900

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Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) have long been criticized as creations of and for an elite few, where associated costs, but few benefits, are borne by marginalized rural communities. Contrary to predictions of this argument, we found that average human population growth rates on the borders of 306 PAs in 45 countries in Africa and Latin America were nearly double average rural growth, suggesting that PAs attract, rather than repel, human settlement. Higher population growth on PA edges is evident across ecoregions, countries, and continents and is correlated positively with international donor investment in national conservation programs and an index of park-related funding. These findings provide insight on the value of PAs for local people, but also highlight a looming threat to PA effectiveness and biodiversity conservation.

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“At the level of protected areas we seek to (1) estimate the accessibility (how easy it is to find the information on the official websites and official social media) and clarity (how clear the information is) of regulations regarding dog access to protected areas in Argentina, (2) evaluate the public’s knowledge of th…”
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Bouma, J., Joy, K. J., & Steyn, M. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139225311.005 · Cited by 7
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“billion people and populations in these regions continue to grow at a rapid pace [1, 2].”
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Hongtao, Y., & Ma, T. (2021) · Journal of Resources and Ecology · doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.06.011 · Cited by 7
“For example, Wittemyer et al. (2008) found that average population growth rates in 306 protected area boundaries in 45 countries in Africa and Latin America were almost double the rural average, suggesting that protected areas attract rather than repel human settlements.”
Background
Disentangling vertebrate spatio-temporal responses to anthropogenic disturbances: evidence from a protected area in central Myanmar
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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BackgroundInfluential
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“A despeito da sua importância, elas não representam toda parcela da biodiversidade (Wittemyer et al., 2008) e há evidências de reduções populacionais de espécies nas áreas já estabelecidas (Laurance et al., 2012), o que demanda ações de manejo e fortes investimentos na ampliação e consolidação do…”
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Background
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Background
Why a landscape view is important: nearby urban and agricultural land affects bird abundances in protected areas
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“outside protected areas was almost double that of their rural counterparts for 306 protected areas within 45 Latin American and African countries (Wittemyer et al., 2008).”
Background

Authors: Wittemyer, G., Elsen, P., Bean, W. T., Burton, A. C. O., & Brashares, J. S.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Corresponding author: Wittemyer, George
Brashares, Justin S.
ORCID: Wittemyer, George
Elsen, Paul
Bean, William T.
Brashares, Justin S.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2008-07-04
Volume: 321
Issue: 5885
Pages: 123-126
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1158900
OpenAlex: W2093559267
Cited by: 731
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 37.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Keywords: protected areas, population growth, rural settlement, conservation effectiveness, biodiversity conservation, donor funding, conservation funding, Africa, Latin America
MeSH terms: Conservation of Natural Resources, Financial Support, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, International Agencies, Latin America, Population Growth, Poverty, Rural Population, Ecosystem, Africa South of the Sahara, Biodiversity

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Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges

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