Cited by 474Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationChromosomal and Genetic Variations

Shadow enhancers as a source of evolutionary novelty

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Hong, Joung-Woo, Hendrix, David A., Levine, Michael S.·2008·Science

Abstract

Some developmentally important genes can be regulated via two enhancers, one located nearby and the other, a "shadow" enhancer, 10 to 20 kilobases away.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.1160631

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  • Sub-additivity may underlie some cases of functional enhancer redundancy, such as for Drosophila shadow enhancers that can back up important developmental enhancers and enable them to accumulate deleterious mutations.

    “Sub-additivity may also underlie some cases of functional enhancer redundancy, such as for Drosophila “shadow enhancers” that can “back up” important developmental enhancers and enable them to accumulate deleterious mutations [520–522].”

    From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [520]

    In “Shadow Enhancers as a Source of Evolutionary Novelty” (page unavailable), the paper describes Drosophila shadow enhancers with activity overlapping primary enhancers and suggests they can explain why deleting a well-defined enhancer sometimes has no apparent phenotype. It also proposes that shadow enhancers can evolve new regulatory activities without disrupting core developmental functions. Our copy does not address sub-additivity or say that shadow enhancers enable primary enhancers to accumulate deleterious mutations. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Prior work has found shadow enhancers that mask the effects of perturbing individual enhancers.

    “previous studies have identified shadow enhancers acting to mask the effects of perturbing individual enhancers (Hong et al., 2008)”

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Authors
Hong, J.-W., Hendrix, D. A., & Levine, M. S.
Affiliations
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author
Levine, Michael S.
Venue
Science
Published
2008-09-05
Volume
321
Issue
5894
Pages
1314-1314
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2006824094
Cited by
474
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 22
FWCI
9.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-46638, R01GM046638)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Keywords
enhancer regulation, evolutionary innovation, developmental genes, gene expression regulation, cis-regulatory elements
MeSH terms
Animals, Binding Sites, Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Introns, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Phylogeny, Transcription Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Evolution, Molecular, Computational Biology, Body Patterning, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Drosophila Proteins, Embryonic Development, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

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