Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth
Open accessAbstract
Fomalhaut, a bright star 7.7 parsecs (25 light-years) from Earth, harbors a belt of cold dust with a structure consistent with gravitational sculpting by an orbiting planet. Here, we present optical observations of an exoplanet candidate, Fomalhaut b. Fomalhaut b lies about 119 astronomical units (AU) from the star and 18 AU of the dust belt, matching predictions of its location. Hubble Space Telescope observations separated by 1.73 years reveal counterclockwise orbital motion. Dynamical models of the interaction between the planet and the belt indicate that the planet's mass is at most three times that of Jupiter; a higher mass would lead to gravitational disruption of the belt, matching predictions of its location. The flux detected at 0.8 μm is also consistent with that of a planet with mass no greater than a few times that of Jupiter. The brightness at 0.6 μm and the lack of detection at longer wavelengths suggest that the detected flux may include starlight reflected off a circumplanetary disk, with dimension comparable to the orbits of the Galilean satellites. We also observe variability of unknown origin at 0.6 μm.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
While the detected object is in orbit about Fomalhaut, its color is consistent with that of reflected light from the star.
“While the detected object is in orbit about Fomalhaut, its color is consistent with that of reflected light from the star.”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Kalas et al. 2008
The planet Fomalhaut b has been detected in two visible bands only.
“The planet Fomalhaut b has been detected in two visible bands only (Kalas et al. 2008).”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Kalas et al. 2008
Kalas et al. suggest that Fomalhaut b hosts a circumplanetary ring akin to Saturn's, which would extend to at least 20 Jupiter radii for an assumed albedo of 0.4 to recover the observed fluxes.
“These observations led Kalas et al. to suggest that the planet hosts a circumplanetary ring akin to Saturn's (see Arnold & Schneider 2004), which would extend to at least 20 Jupiter radii for an assumed albedo of 0.4 to recover the observed fluxes.”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Kalas et al. 2008
Cites
Murray, C. D., & Dermott, S. F. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174817 · Cited by 2,956 · see citing works
Collisional model of asteroids and their debris
Dohnanyi, J. S. (1969) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jb074i010p02531 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Wisdom, J. (1980) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/112778 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Magnetospheric accretion models for T Tauri stars. 1: Balmer line profiles without rotation
Hartmann, L. W., Hewett, R., & Calvet, N. (1994) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/174104 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
A model of accretion disks in close binaries
Paczyński, B. (1977) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/155526 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
A planetary system as the origin of structure in Fomalhaut's dust belt
Kalas, P., Graham, J. R., & Clampin, M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03601 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationWyatt, M. C., Dermott, S. F., Telesco, C. M., Fisher, R. S., Grogan, K., Holmes, E. K., & Pina, R. K. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/308093 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
A planet on an inclined orbit as an explanation of the warp in the β Pictoris disc
Mouillet, D., Larwood, J. D., Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Lagrange, A. ‐. (1997) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/292.4.896 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Beyond the T Dwarfs: Theoretical Spectra, Colors, and Detectability of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
Burrows, A. S., Sudarsky, D., & Lunine, J. I. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/377709 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Fortney, J. J., Marley, M. S., Saumon, D., & Lodders, K. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/589942 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Wyatt, M. C., Dermott, S. F., Telesco, C. M., Fisher, R. S., Grogan, K., Holmes, E., & Piña, R. K. (1999) · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Strubbe, L. E., & Chiang, E. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/505736 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictions for a planet just inside Fomalhaut's eccentric ring
Quillen, A. C. (2006) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00216.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Outward migration of extrasolar planets to large orbital radii
Veras, D., & Armitage, P. J. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07239.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
First Look at the Fomalhaut Debris Disk with the Spitzer Space Telescope
Stapelfeldt, K. R., Holmes, E., Chen, C., Rieke, G. H., Su, K. Y. L., Hines, D. C., Werner, M. W., Beichman, C., Jura, M. A., Padgett, D. L., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/423135 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Formation of Ice Giants in a Packed Oligarchy: Instability and Aftermath
Ford, E. B., & Chiang, E. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/513598 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationDetection of Hα Emission in a Methane (T Type) Brown Dwarf
Burgasser, A. J., Kirkpatrick, J. D., Reid, I. N., Liebert, J., Gizis, J. E., & Brown, M. E. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301423 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
GQ Lup B Visible and Near-Infrared Photometric Analysis
Marois, C., Macintosh, B., & Barman, T. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/511071 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationCalibration observations of Fomalhaut with the VLTI
Davis, J., Richichi, A., Pascal Ballester, A., Gitton, P., Glindemann, A., Morel, S., Schöller, M., Wittkowski, M., & Paresce, F. (2005) · Astronomische Nachrichten · doi:10.1002/asna.200410339 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 20 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
Marois, C., Macintosh, B., Barman, T., Zuckerman, B., Song, I., Patience, J. L., Lafreniére, D., & Doyon, R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1166585 · Cited by 1,711 · see citing works
Self-citationDuchêne, G., & Kraus, A. L. (2013) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102602 · Cited by 1,353 · see citing works
A Giant Planet Imaged in the Disk of the Young Star β Pictoris
Lagrange, A. ‐., Bonnefoy, M., Chauvin, G., Apai, D., Ehrenreich, D., Boccaletti, A., Gratadour, ., Rouan, D., Mouillet, D., Lacour, S., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1187187 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws
Kipping, D. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1435 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Rapid growth of gas-giant cores by pebble accretion
Lambrechts, M., & Johansen, A. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219127 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Soummer, R., Pueyo, L. A., & Larkin, J. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/755/2/l28 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
First light of the Gemini Planet Imager
Macintosh, B., Graham, J. R., Ingraham, P., Konopacky, Q., Marois, C., Perrin, M. D., Poyneer, L., Bauman, B. J., Barman, T., Burrows, A. S., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1304215111 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Self-citationRESOLVED IMAGES OF LARGE CAVITIES IN PROTOPLANETARY TRANSITION DISKS
Andrews, S., Wilner, D., Espaillat, C., Hughes, A., Dullemond, C., McClure, M., Qi, C., & Brown, J. M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/732/1/42 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Planet-Disk Interaction and Orbital Evolution
Kley, W., & Nelson, R. P. (2012) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125523 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Defining and cataloging exoplanets: the exoplanet.eu database
Schneider, J., Dedieu, C., Sidaner, P. L., Savalle, R., & Zolotukhin, I. (2011) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Extrasolar planet population synthesis
Mordasini, C., Alibert, Y., & Benz, W. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810301 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
A probable giant planet imaged in the β Pictoris disk
Lagrange, A. ‐., Gratadour, ., Chauvin, G., Fusco, T., Ehrenreich, D., Mouillet, D., Rousset, G., Rouan, D., Allard, F. C., Gendron, E., et al. (2008) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811325 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
Macintosh, B., Graham, J., Barman, T., de Rosa, R. D., Konopacky, Q., Marley, M., Marois, C., Nielsen, E., Pueyo, L., Rajan, A., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac5891 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Self-citationHot Jupiters from secular planet–planet interactions
Naoz, S., Farr, W. M., Lithwick, Y., Rasio, F. A., & Teyssandier, J. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10076 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
Bowler, B. (2016) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/968/102001 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Seager, S., & Deming, D. (2010) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081309-130837 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
LkCa 15: A YOUNG EXOPLANET CAUGHT AT FORMATION?
Kraus, A. L., & Ireland, M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/5 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Rapid growth of gas-giant cores by pebble accretion
Lambrechts, M., & Johansen, A. (2012) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219127/pdf · Cited by 459 · see citing works
The Interior Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Giant Planets
Fortney, J. J., & Nettelmann, N. (2009) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9582-x · Cited by 360 · see citing works
The VAST Survey – III. The multiplicity of A-type stars within 75 pc
Rosa, R. J. D., Patience, J., Wilson, P. A., Schneider, A. C., Wiktorowicz, S., Vigan, A., Marois, C., Song, I., Macintosh, B., Graham, J. R., et al. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1932 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationCLOUDS AND CHEMISTRY IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF EXTRASOLAR PLANET HR8799b
Barman, T., Macintosh, B., Konopacky, Q., & Marois, C. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/733/1/65 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationExoplanetary Atmospheres: Key Insights, Challenges, and Prospects
Madhusudhan, N. (2019) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051846 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
THE DEUTERIUM-BURNING MASS LIMIT FOR BROWN DWARFS AND GIANT PLANETS
Spiegel, D., Burrows, A., & Milsom, J. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/727/1/57 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Snellen, I. A. G., de Kok, R. J., Birkby, J., Brandl, B. R., Brogi, M., Keller, C. U., Kenworthy, M. A., Schwarz, H., & Stuik, R. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425018 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Kratter, K. M., Murray-Clay, R. A., & Youdin, A. N. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/710/2/1375 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Shi, J.-M., Krolik, J. H., Lubow, S. H., & Hawley, J. F. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/749/2/118 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Photometric characterization of exoplanets using angular and spectral differential imaging
Vigan, A., Moutou, C., Langlois, M., Allard, F. C., Boccaletti, A., Carbillet, M., Mouillet, D., & Smith, I. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16916.x · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Currie, T., Burrows, A. S., Itoh, Y., Matsumura, S., Fukagawa, M., Apai, D., Madhusudhan, N., Hinz, P. M., Rodigas, T. J., Kasper, M. E., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/729/2/128 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
Macintosh, B., Graham, Jr., Barman, T., De Rosa, R., Konopacky, Q., Marley, M., Marois, C., Nielsen, E., Pueyo, L. A., Rajan, A., et al. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationPlanet Hunters IX. KIC 8462852 - Where's the Flux?
Boyajian, T. S., LaCourse, D. M., Rappaport, S. A., Fabrycky, D., Fischer, D. A., Gandolfi, D., Kennedy, G. M., Korhonen, H., Liu, M. C., Moor, A., et al. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw218 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
THE TWO MODES OF GAS GIANT PLANET FORMATION
Boley, A. C. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/695/1/l53 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH DEBRIS DISK CATALOG. I. CONTINUUM ANALYSIS OF UNRESOLVED TARGETS
Chen, C., Mittal, T., Kuchner, M. J., Forrest, W. J., Lisse, C. M., Manoj, P., Sargent, B. A., & Watson, D. M. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/211/2/25 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
DIRECT IMAGING OF A COLD JOVIAN EXOPLANET IN ORBIT AROUND THE SUN-LIKE STAR GJ 504
Kuzuhara, M., Tamura, M., Kudo, T., Janson, M., Kandori, R., Brandt, T. D., Thalmann, C., Spiegel, D. S., Biller, B. A., Carson, J., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/774/1/11 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
TESTING IN SITU ASSEMBLY WITH THEKEPLERPLANET CANDIDATE SAMPLE
Hansen, B. M. S., & Murray, N. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/775/1/53 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Zhu, Z., Hartmann, L., Nelson, R. P., & Gammie, C. F. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/746/1/110 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
THE DEBRIS DISK AROUND HR 8799
Su, K. Y. L., Rieke, G. H., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Malhotra, R., Bryden, G., Smith, P. S., Misselt, K. A., Moro‐Martín, A., & Williams, J. P. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/705/1/314 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationHashimoto, J., Tamura, M., Muto, T., Kudo, T., Fukagawa, M., Fukue, T., Goto, M., Grady, C. A., Henning, T. K., Hodapp, K. W., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/729/2/l17 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The effects of fly-bys on planetary systems
Malmberg, D., Davies, M. B., & Heggie, D. C. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17730.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Schneider, G., Grady, C. A., Hines, D. C., Stark, C. C., Debes, J. H., Carson, J., Kuchner, M. J., Perrin, M. D., Weinberger, A. J., Wisniewski, J. P., et al. (2014) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/148/4/59 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
PARALLACTIC MOTION FOR COMPANION DISCOVERY: AN M-DWARF ORBITING ALCOR
Zimmerman, N. T., Oppenheimer, R., Hinkley, S., Brenner, D., Parry, I. R., Sivaramakrishnan, A., Hillenbrand, L. A., Beichman, C., Crepp, J. R., Vasisht, G., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/709/2/733 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Heinze, A. N., Hinz, P. M., Kenworthy, M. A., Meyer, M. R., Sivanandam, S., & Miller, D. L. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/714/2/1570 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
ALIEN MAPS OF AN OCEAN-BEARING WORLD
Cowan, N. B., Agol, E., Meadows, V., Robinson, T. D., Livengood, T. A., Deming, D., Lisse, C. M., A’Hearn, M. F., Wellnitz, D. D., Seager, S., et al. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/915 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
FOMALHAUT'S DEBRIS DISK AND PLANET: CONSTRAINING THE MASS OF FOMALHAUT B FROM DISK MORPHOLOGY
Chiang, E., Kite, E., Kalas, P., Graham, J. R., & Clampin, M. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/734 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationTRANSITIONAL DISKS AS SIGNPOSTS OF YOUNG, MULTIPLANET SYSTEMS
Dodson-Robinson, S. E., & Salyk, C. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/738/2/131 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXTRASOLAR PLANET HR 8799 b
Bowler, B. P., Liu, M. C., Dupuy, T. J., & Cushing, M. C. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/850 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Madhusudhan, N., Burrows, A. S., & Currie, T. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/737/1/34 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
DISCOVERY OF A PROBABLE 4-5 JUPITER-MASS EXOPLANET TO HD 95086 BY DIRECT IMAGING
Rameau, J., Chauvin, G., Lagrange, A. ‐., Boccaletti, A., Quanz, S. P., Bonnefoy, M., Girard, J. H., Delorme, P., Desidera, S., Klahr, H. H., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/772/2/l15 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS
Dodson-Robinson, S. E., Veras, D., Ford, E. B., & Beichman, C. A. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/707/1/79 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
PLANETS AROUND LOW-MASS STARS (PALMS). IV. THE OUTER ARCHITECTURE OF M DWARF PLANETARY SYSTEMS
Bowler, B., Liu, M. C., Shkolnik, E., & Tamura, M. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/216/1/7 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The great escape: how exoplanets and smaller bodies desert dying stars
Veras, D., Wyatt, M. C., Mustill, A. J., Bonsor, A., & Eldridge, J. J. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19393.x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
NEW DEBRIS DISKS AROUND YOUNG, LOW-MASS STARS DISCOVERED WITH THESPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE
Plavchan, P., Werner, M. W., Chen, C. H., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Su, K. Y. L., Stauffer, J. R., & Song, I. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/698/2/1068 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationBowler, B. P., Johnson, J. A., Marcy, G. W., Henry, G. W., Peek, K. M. G., Fischer, D. A., Clubb, K. I., Liu, M. C., Reffert, S., Schwab, C., et al. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/709/1/396 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
THE GEMINI/NICI PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN: THE FREQUENCY OF PLANETS AROUND YOUNG MOVING GROUP STARS
Biller, B. A., Liu, M. C., Wahhaj, Z., Nielsen, E. L., Hayward, T. L., Males, J. R., Skemer, A. J. I., Close, L. M., Chun, M., Ftaclas, C., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/777/2/160 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
THE VECTOR VORTEX CORONAGRAPH: LABORATORY RESULTS AND FIRST LIGHT AT PALOMAR OBSERVATORY
Mawet, D. P., Serabyn, E., Liewer, K., Burruss, R., Hickey, J., & Shemo, D. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/709/1/53 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Debris disks: seeing dust, thinking of planetesimals and planets
Krivov, A. V. (2010) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/10/5/001 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The physical properties of extra-solar planets
Baraffe, I., Chabrier, G., & Barman, T. (2009) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/73/1/016901 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Thirty Meter Telescope Detailed Science Case: 2015
Skidmore, W. (2015) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/15/12/001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Theoretical models of planetary system formation: mass vs. semi-major axis
Alibert, Y., Carron, F., Fortier, A., Pfyffer, S., Benz, W., Mordasini, C., & Swoboda, D. (2013) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321690 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
A SPATIALLY RESOLVED INNER HOLE IN THE DISK AROUND GM AURIGAE
Hughes, A. M., Andrews, S. M., Espaillat, C. C., Wilner, D. J., Calvet, N., D’Alessio, P., Qi, C., Williams, J. P., & Hogerheijde, M. R. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/698/1/131 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Possible planet-forming regions on submillimetre images
Regály, Z., Juhász, A., Sándor, Z., & Dullemond, C. P. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19834.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
TWO WIDE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS TO SOLAR-TYPE STARS IN UPPER SCORPIUS
Ireland, M., Kraus, A., Martinache, F., Law, N. M., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/726/2/113 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
PALM-3000: EXOPLANET ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR THE 5 m HALE TELESCOPE
Dekany, R. G., Roberts, J. E., Burruss, R., Bouchez, A. H., Truong, T. N., Baranec, C. J., Guiwits, S. R., Hale, D., Angione, J. R., Trinh, T. Q., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/776/2/130 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
ASTEROID BELTS IN DEBRIS DISK TWINS: VEGA AND FOMALHAUT
Su, K. Y. L., Rieke, G. H., Malhotra, R., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Hughes, A. M., Bonsor, A., Wilner, D. J., Balog, Z., Watson, D. M., Werner, M. W., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/763/2/118 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationThe interior structure, composition, and evolution of giant planetsPreprint
Fortney, J. J., & Nettelmann, N. (2010) · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Rapid inward migration of planets formed by gravitational instability
Baruteau, C., Meru, F., & Paardekooper, S.-J. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19172.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Orbital characterization of theβPictoris b giant planet
Chauvin, G., Lagrange, A. ‐., Beust, H., Bonnefoy, M., Boccaletti, A., Apai, D., Allard, F. C., Ehrenreich, D., Girard, J. H., Mouillet, D., et al. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118346 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Debris disc stirring by secular perturbations from giant planets
Mustill, A. J., & Wyatt, M. C. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15360.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Machida, M. N., Inutsuka, S., & Matsumoto, T. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/724/2/1006 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
STABILITY OF THE DIRECTLY IMAGED MULTIPLANET SYSTEM HR 8799: RESONANCE AND MASSES
Fabrycky, D. C., & Murray-Clay, R. A. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/710/2/1408 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Exoplanet Biosignatures: Observational Prospects
Fujii, Y., Angerhausen, D., Deitrick, R., Domagal-Goldman, S., Grenfell, J. L., Hori, Y., Kane, S. R., Pallé, E., Rauer, H., Siegler, N., et al. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1733 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationAyliffe, B. A., & Bate, M. R. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15002.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
THE TRENDS HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING SURVEY. IV. THE OCCURRENCE RATE OF GIANT PLANETS AROUND M DWARFS
Montet, B. T., Crepp, J. R., Johnson, J. A., Howard, A. W., & Marcy, G. W. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/781/1/28 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Nagasawa, M., & Ida, S. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/742/2/72 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The International Deep Planet Survey
Vigan, A., Patience, J., Marois, C., Bonavita, M., Rosa, R. J. D., Macintosh, B., Song, I., Doyon, R., Zuckerman, B., Lafreniére, D., et al. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201218991 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationA library of near-infrared integral field spectra of young M–L dwarfs
Bonnefoy, M., Chauvin, G., Lagrange, A. ‐., Rojo, P., Allard, F. C., Pinte, C., Dumas, C., & Homeier, D. (2013) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118270 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
RECURRENT PLANET FORMATION AND INTERMITTENT PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS INDUCED BY EPISODIC MASS ACCRETION
Machida, M. N., Inutsuka, S.-I., & Matsumoto, T. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/729/1/42 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Exocometary gas in the HD 181327 debris ring
Marino, S., Matrà, L., Stark, C. C., Wyatt, M. C., Casassus, S., Kennedy, G. M., Rodriguez, D. R., Zuckerman, B., Sebastian Perez, M., Dent, W. R. F., et al. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1216 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
STIS CORONAGRAPHIC IMAGING OF FOMALHAUT: MAIN BELT STRUCTURE AND THE ORBIT OF FOMALHAUT<i>b</i>
Kalas, P., Graham, J. R., Fitzgerald, M. P., & Clampin, M. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/775/1/56 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationHST /NICMOS DETECTION OF HR 8799 b IN 1998
Lafreniére, D., Marois, C., Doyon, R., & Barman, T. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/l148 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationLafreniére, D., Jayawardhana, R., & van Kerkwijk, M. H. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/719/1/497 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
THE GEMINI NICI PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN: THE FREQUENCY OF GIANT PLANETS AROUND YOUNG B AND A STARS
Nielsen, E. L., Liu, M. C., Wahhaj, Z., Biller, B. A., Hayward, T. L., Close, L. M., Males, J. R., Skemer, A. J. I., Chun, M., Ftaclas, C., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/776/1/4 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Brandt, T. D., McElwain, M. W., Turner, E. L., Mede, K., Spiegel, D. S., Kuzuhara, M., Schlieder, J. E., Wisniewski, J. P., Abe, L., Biller, B. A., et al. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/159 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
ON THE AGE AND BINARITY OF FOMALHAUT
Mamajek, E. E. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/754/2/l20 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
HIGH-RESOLUTION 5 μm SPECTROSCOPY OF TRANSITIONAL DISKS
Salyk, C., Blake, G. A., Boogert, A. C. A., & Brown, J. M. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/699/1/330 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
David, T. J., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/804/2/146 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The two modes of gas giant planet formation
Boley, A. C. (2009) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-32075 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
ASPITZERc2d LEGACY SURVEY TO IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE DISKS WITH INNER DUST HOLES
Merín, B., Brown, J. M., Oliveira, I., Herczeg, G. J., van Dishoeck, E. F., Bottinelli, S., Evans, N. J., Cieza, L. A., Spezzi, L., Alcalá, J. M., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/718/2/1200 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Chemical kinetics on extrasolar planets
Moses, J. I. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0073 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Wittenmyer, R. A., Wang, S., Horner, J., Butler, R. P., Tinney, C. G., Carter, B., Wright, D. J., Jones, H. R. A., Bailey, J., O'Toole, S. J., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3436 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
PLANETS AND DEBRIS DISKS: RESULTS FROM ASPITZER/MIPS SEARCH FOR INFRARED EXCESS
Bryden, G., Beichman, C., Carpenter, J. M., Rieke, G. H., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Werner, M. W., Tanner, A. M., Lawler, S., Wyatt, M. C., Trilling, D. E., et al. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/705/2/1226 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationGas giant formation with small cores triggered by envelope pollution by icy planetesimals
Hori, Y., & Ikoma, M. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19140.x · Cited by 145 · see citing works
DISCOVERY OF THE COLDEST IMAGED COMPANION OF A SUN-LIKE STAR
Thalmann, C., Carson, J., Janson, M., Goto, M., McElwain, M., Egner, S., Feldt, M., Hashimoto, J., Hayano, Y., Henning, T. K., et al. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/707/2/l123 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
TRANSIT LIGHTCURVES OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS ORBITING RAPIDLY ROTATING STARS
Barnes, J. W. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/705/1/683 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Galicher, R., Marois, C., Macintosh, B., Barman, T., & Konopacky, Q. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/739/2/l41 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationExoplanet Biosignatures: Observational Prospects
Fujii, Y., Angerhausen, D., Deitrick, R., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Grenfell, J. L., Hori, Y., Kane, S. R., Πάλλη, Ε., Rauer, H., Siegler, N., et al. (2018) · doi:10.7892/boris.126822 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationThe 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era
Reylé, C., Jardine, K., Fouqué, P., Caballero, J. A., Smart, R. L., & Sozzetti, A. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140985 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
FORMATION OF GIANT PLANETS BY DISK INSTABILITY ON WIDE ORBITS AROUND PROTOSTARS WITH VARIED MASSES
Boss, A. P. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/731/1/74 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Mamajek, E. E., Quillen, A. C., Pecaut, M. J., Moolekamp, F., Scott, E. L., Kenworthy, M. A., Cameron, A. C., & Parley, N. R. (2012) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/3/72 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“The planet Fomalhaut b has been detected in two visible bands only (Kalas et al. 2008).”
BackgroundFormation of giant planets and brown dwarfs on wide orbits
Vorobyov, E. I. (2013) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220601 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The complex structure of the disk around HD 100546
Benisty, M., Tatulli, E., Ménard, F., & Swain, M. G. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913590 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kalas, P., Graham, J. R., Chiang, E., Fitzgerald, M. P., Clampin, M., Kite, E. S., Stapelfeldt, K., Marois, C., & Krist, J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kalas, Paul
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-11-28
- Volume
- 322
- Issue
- 5906
- Pages
- 1345-1348
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2024605337
- Cited by
- 840
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 59.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Fomalhaut b, exoplanet detection, Fomalhaut, debris disks, gravitational perturbations, orbital motion, planet mass limits, circumplanetary disks, reflected starlight, optical photometry, Hubble Space Telescope, dynamic modeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
