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Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion
Abstract
Understanding how the immune system affects cancer development and progression has been one of the most challenging questions in immunology. Research over the past two decades has helped explain why the answer to this question has evaded us for so long. We now appreciate that the immune system plays a dual role in cancer: It can not only suppress tumor growth by destroying cancer cells or inhibiting their outgrowth but also promote tumor progression either by selecting for tumor cells that are more fit to survive in an immunocompetent host or by establishing conditions within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate tumor outgrowth. Here, we discuss a unifying conceptual framework called "cancer immunoediting," which integrates the immune system's dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles.
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“However, chronic inflammation or smoldering inflammation often creates an equilibrium between killing of immunogenic tumor cells and immune tolerance, finally driving tumor outgrowth.”
From Iron as a central player and promising target in cancer progression (2019) · cites this paper as [54]
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“The immune system plays a dual role in liver cancer and can sense and eliminate preneoplastic and malignant hepatocytes5,6; it can also promote the selection of tumor cells and favor cancer progression in situations of chronic inflammation or immunosuppression7–9.”
From Tumor-specific cholinergic CD4+ T lymphocytes guide immunosurveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schreiber, R. D., Old, L. J., & Smyth, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Schreiber, Robert D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-03-25
- Volume
- 331
- Issue
- 6024
- Pages
- 1565-1570
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2004630197
- Cited by
- 6,474
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 325 · 2025: 369 · 2024: 470 · 2023: 560 · 2022: 562 · 2021: 604 · 2020: 567 · 2019: 488 · 2018: 404 · 2017: 433 · 2016: 429 · 2015: 372 · 2014: 278 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 224
- FWCI
- 26.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- cancer immunoediting, tumor immune evasion, tumor suppression, tumor promotion, tumor microenvironment, tumor immunology, tumor progression, immune surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm, Humans, Immune System, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Surveillance, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Prognosis, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Immunocompromised Host, Models, Immunological, Tumor Escape, Mice, Adaptive Immunity
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