IFNγ and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity
Abstract
Lymphocytes were originally thought to form the basis of a 'cancer immunosurveillance' process that protects immunocompetent hosts against primary tumour development, but this idea was largely abandoned when no differences in primary tumour development were found between athymic nude mice and syngeneic wild-type mice. However, subsequent observations that nude mice do not completely lack functional T cells and that two components of the immune system-IFNgamma and perforin-help to prevent tumour formation in mice have led to renewed interest in a tumour-suppressor role for the immune response. Here we show that lymphocytes and IFNgamma collaborate to protect against development of carcinogen-induced sarcomas and spontaneous epithelial carcinomas and also to select for tumour cells with reduced immunogenicity. The immune response thus functions as an effective extrinsic tumour-suppressor system. However, this process also leads to the immunoselection of tumour cells that are more capable of surviving in an immunocompetent host, which explains the apparent paradox of tumour formation in immunologically intact individuals.
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The presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and the production of Th1 cytokines within tumors are correlated with favorable prognoses in overall survival and disease-free survival across various malignancies.
“The presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and the production of Th1 cytokines within tumors have been correlated with favorable prognoses in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival across various malignancies [11,12,13,14].”
From Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Shankaran, V., Ikeda, H., Bruce, A. T., White, J. M., Swanson, P. E., Old, L. J., & Schreiber, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schreiber, Robert D.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2001-04-26
- Volume
- 410
- Issue
- 6832
- Pages
- 1107-1111
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1642873092
- Cited by
- 2,896
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 175 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 152 · 2017: 154 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 127
- FWCI
- 34.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- interferon-gamma, lymphocytes, tumor surveillance, tumor suppression, tumor immunogenicity, immunoselection, perforin, epithelial cancers, nude mice, T cells, tumor immunology
- MeSH terms
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2, Animals, Carcinoma, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, H-2 Antigens, Immunocompetence, Interferon-gamma, Lymphocytes, Methylcholanthrene, Neoplasm Transplantation, Retroviridae, Sarcoma, Experimental, Immunophenotyping, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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