Cited by 795Astro and Planetary ScienceStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesHistory and Developments in Astronomy

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Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 Imaging Science Results

Smith, Bradford A., Soderblom, Laurence, Beebe, Reta, Boyce, Joseph, Briggs, Geoffery, Bunker, Anne, Collins, Stewart A., Hansen, Candice J., Johnson, Torrence V., Mitchell, Jim L., Terrile, Richard J., Carr, Michael, Cook, Allen F., Cuzzi, Jeffrey, Pollack, James B., Danielson, G. Edward, Ingersoll, Andrew, Davies, Merton E., Hunt, Garry E., Masursky, Harold, Shoemaker, Eugene, Morrison, David, Owen, Tobias, Sagan, Carl, Veverka, Joseph, Strom, Robert, Suomi, Verner E.·1981·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.212.4491.163

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Abstract

As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly different from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrouded in a haze layer that varies in thickness and appearance. Among the icy satellites there is considerable variety in density, albedo, and surface morphology and substantial evidence for endogenic surface modification. Trends in density and crater characteristics are quite unlike those of the Galilean satellites. Small inner satellites, three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system. Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings contain hundreds of "ringlets," and in the densest portion of the B ring there are numerous nonaxisymmetric features. The narrow F ring has three components which, in at least one instance, are kinked and crisscrossed. Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and material is seen between the C ring and the planet.

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“and properties that this proposed ring could have had. Note that the Voyager imaging had not high enough resolution at equatorial latitudes to detect directly any signi- cant equatorial topography (Smith et al., 1981, 1982). However, the analysis of the limb data many years later strongly pointed to a massive mountain…”
Background

Authors: Smith, B. A., Soderblom, L., Beebe, R., Boyce, J., Briggs, G., Bunker, A., Collins, S. A., Hansen, C. J., Johnson, T. V., Mitchell, J. L., Terrile, R. J., Carr, M., Cook, A. F., Cuzzi, J., Pollack, J. B., Danielson, G. E., Ingersoll, A., Davies, M. E., Hunt, G. E., Masursky, H., Shoemaker, E., Morrison, D., Owen, T., Sagan, C., Veverka, J., Strom, R., & Suomi, V. E.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
United States Geological Survey (US)
New Mexico State University (US)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
California Institute of Technology (US)
University of Hawaii System (US)
ORCID: Soderblom, Laurence
Hansen, Candice J.
Carr, Michael
Cuzzi, Jeffrey
Ingersoll, Andrew
Hunt, Garry E.
Morrison, David
Sagan, Carl
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1981-04-10
Volume: 212
Issue: 4491
Pages: 163-191
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.212.4491.163
OpenAlex: W1998543912
Cited by: 795
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 111.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › History and Developments in Astronomy
Keywords: Saturn, Voyager 1, Saturn atmosphere, Titan haze, icy satellites, ringlets, Saturn rings, f-rings, satellite density, crater formation, planetary atmospheres

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Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 Imaging Science Results

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