Cited by 795Astro and Planetary ScienceStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesHistory and Developments in Astronomy

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Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 Imaging Science Results

Smith, Bradford A., Soderblom, Laurence, Beebe, Reta, Boyce, Joseph, Briggs, Geoffery, Bunker, Anne, Collins, Stewart A., Hansen, Candice J., Johnson, Torrence V., Mitchell, Jim L., Terrile, Richard J., Carr, Michael, Cook, Allen F., Cuzzi, Jeffrey, Pollack, James B., Danielson, G. Edward, Ingersoll, Andrew, Davies, Merton E., Hunt, Garry E., Masursky, Harold, Shoemaker, Eugene, Morrison, David, Owen, Tobias, Sagan, Carl, Veverka, Joseph, Strom, Robert, Suomi, Verner E.·1981·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.212.4491.163

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Abstract

As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly different from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrouded in a haze layer that varies in thickness and appearance. Among the icy satellites there is considerable variety in density, albedo, and surface morphology and substantial evidence for endogenic surface modification. Trends in density and crater characteristics are quite unlike those of the Galilean satellites. Small inner satellites, three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system. Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings contain hundreds of "ringlets," and in the densest portion of the B ring there are numerous nonaxisymmetric features. The narrow F ring has three components which, in at least one instance, are kinked and crisscrossed. Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and material is seen between the C ring and the planet.

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Method
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Background
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Background
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BackgroundInfluential
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“Reasons for the higher temperatures include lower visual albedos (Smith et al., 1981), much lower t, and relatively little interparticle shadowing within the C ring and Cassini Division.”
Background
Evolution of the Janus-Epimetheus coorbital resonance due to torques from Saturn's ring
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The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation
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Shock Vaporization and the Accretion of the Icy Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
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Titan's surface and rotation: new results from Voyager 1 images
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The geomorphology of Rhea: Implications for geologic history and surface processes
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The control networks of Mimas and Enceladus
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First direct measurement of auroral and equatorial jets in the stratosphere of Jupiter
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Characteristics of Icy Surfaces
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“Fainter rings, namely G, E and Phoebe ings, have been discovered outside the main rings ( Feibelman, 967; Van Allen et al., 1980; Smith et al., 1981; Verbiscer et al., 009 ).”
Background
Expectations for Cassini observations of ring material with nearby moons
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Secondary electron yields of solar system ices
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Eddy mixing coefficient on Saturn
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Probing Titan’s lower atmosphere with acousto-optic tuning
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Authors: Smith, B. A., Soderblom, L., Beebe, R., Boyce, J., Briggs, G., Bunker, A., Collins, S. A., Hansen, C. J., Johnson, T. V., Mitchell, J. L., Terrile, R. J., Carr, M., Cook, A. F., Cuzzi, J., Pollack, J. B., Danielson, G. E., Ingersoll, A., Davies, M. E., Hunt, G. E., Masursky, H., Shoemaker, E., Morrison, D., Owen, T., Sagan, C., Veverka, J., Strom, R., & Suomi, V. E.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
United States Geological Survey (US)
New Mexico State University (US)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
California Institute of Technology (US)
University of Hawaii System (US)
ORCID: Soderblom, Laurence
Hansen, Candice J.
Carr, Michael
Cuzzi, Jeffrey
Ingersoll, Andrew
Hunt, Garry E.
Morrison, David
Sagan, Carl
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1981-04-10
Volume: 212
Issue: 4491
Pages: 163-191
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.212.4491.163
OpenAlex: W1998543912
Cited by: 795
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 111.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › History and Developments in Astronomy
Keywords: Saturn, Voyager 1, Saturn atmosphere, Titan haze, icy satellites, ringlets, Saturn rings, f-rings, satellite density, crater formation, planetary atmospheres

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Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 Imaging Science Results

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