The Morphogenesis of Bands and Zonal Winds in the Atmospheres on the Giant Outer Planets
Abstract
The atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune were modeled as shallow layers of turbulent fluid overlying a smooth, spherical interior. With only the observed values of radius, rotation rate, average wind velocity, and mean layer thickness as model parameters, bands and jets spontaneously emerged from random initial conditions. The number, width, and amplitude of the jets, as well as the dominance of anticyclonic vortices, are in good agreement with observations for all four planets.
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Alternating jets on gas giant planets are either shallow, existing above about 10 bars, or deep, extending to tens of thousands of bars.
“on one hand, the alternating jets on gas giant planets are 'shallow', existing above 10 bars or so [15-17]; on the other hand, zonal jets are 'deep', extending to tens of thousands of bars [18-22].”
From Deep rotating convection generates the polar hexagon on Saturn (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
The latitudinal difference in jet and vortex structure is likely driven by the topographical beta effect, which is stronger near the equator and promotes axisymmetric jets, while at higher latitudes the beta effect decreases and the system approaches a rotating plane layer where giant vortices are favored.
“This is likely driven by the topographical β effect, due to the spherical shell geometry, which is stronger near the equator, promoting strong axisymmetric jets, while, at higher latitudes, the β -effect decreases and the system approaches a rotating plane layer where the formation of giant vortices is favored”
From Deep rotating convection generates the polar hexagon on Saturn (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
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Lillo, R., Mininni, P. D., & Gómez, D. O. (2004) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2004.10.037 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cho, J. Y.-K., & Polvani, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1996-07-19
- Volume
- 273
- Issue
- 5273
- Pages
- 335-337
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2014901376
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- giant planet atmospheres, zonal jets, jet stream, atmospheric bands, morphogenesis, spontaneous pattern formation, anticyclonic vortices, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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