Cited by 1,705Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and Wakefulness Research

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Stability, Precision, and Near-24-Hour Period of the Human Circadian Pacemaker

Czeisler, Charles A., Duffy, Jeanne F., Shanahan, Theresa L., Brown, Emery N., Mitchell, Jude F., Rimmer, David W., Ronda, Joseph M., Silva, Edward J., Allan, James S., Emens, Jonathan S., Dijk, Derk-Jan, Kronauer, Richard E.·1999·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.284.5423.2177

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Abstract

Regulation of circadian period in humans was thought to differ from that of other species, with the period of the activity rhythm reported to range from 13 to 65 hours (median 25.2 hours) and the period of the body temperature rhythm reported to average 25 hours in adulthood, and to shorten with age. However, those observations were based on studies of humans exposed to light levels sufficient to confound circadian period estimation. Precise estimation of the periods of the endogenous circadian rhythms of melatonin, core body temperature, and cortisol in healthy young and older individuals living in carefully controlled lighting conditions has now revealed that the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averages 24.18 hours in both age groups, with a tight distribution consistent with other species. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of disrupted sleep in older people.

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Authors: Czeisler, C. A., Duffy, J. F., Shanahan, T. L., Brown, E. N., Mitchell, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., Ronda, J. M., Silva, E. J., Allan, J. S., Emens, J. S., Dijk, D.-J., & Kronauer, R. E.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Czeisler, Charles A.
ORCID: Czeisler, Charles A.
Duffy, Jeanne F.
Brown, Emery N.
Mitchell, Jude F.
Ronda, Joseph M.
Allan, James S.
Emens, Jonathan S.
Dijk, Derk-Jan
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1999-06-25
Volume: 284
Issue: 5423
Pages: 2177-2181
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5423.2177
OpenAlex: W2104605616
Cited by: 1,705
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 87
FWCI: 17.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P01AG009975, P01 AG-09975)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM53559, R01GM053559)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR002635, MO1 RR 02635)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: circadian period, melatonin rhythm, cortisol rhythm, aging, endogenous rhythms
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aging, Biological Clocks, Body Temperature, Circadian Rhythm, Darkness, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Light, Male, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Sleep

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Stability, Precision, and Near-24-Hour Period of the Human Circadian Pacemaker

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