The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Immunological Synapse: A Molecular Machine Controlling T Cell Activation
Abstract
The specialized junction between a T lymphocyte and an antigen-presenting cell, the immunological synapse, consists of a central cluster of T cell receptors surrounded by a ring of adhesion molecules. Immunological synapse formation is now shown to be an active and dynamic mechanism that allows T cells to distinguish potential antigenic ligands. Initially, T cell receptor ligands were engaged in an outermost ring of the nascent synapse. Transport of these complexes into the central cluster was dependent on T cell receptor–ligand interaction kinetics. Finally, formation of a stable central cluster at the heart of the synapse was a determinative event for T cell proliferation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 48
- 10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.002143 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90708-7 · DOI · Paper page
- Weiss A., Shields R., Newton M., Manger B., Imboden J., J. Immunol. 138, 2169 (1987); · DOI
- 10.1126/science.2783497 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/383837a0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00019-4 · DOI
- 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80279-4 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80309-X · DOI · Paper page
- Kersh G. J. Kersh E. N. Fremont D. H. Allen P. M. 9 817 (1998); · DOI
- 10.1038/381616a0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.523 · DOI · Paper page
- Wang W., et al., J. Immunol. 158, 5797 (1997). · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.12.5797
- 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90337-9 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/327713a0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1126/science.281.5376.572 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90332-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Dustin M. L., et al., J. Immunol. 157, 2014 (1996); · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.5.2014
- 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81608-6 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6302 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/25764 · DOI · Paper page
- Web Movies can be seen at www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/1040037.shl.
- 10.1038/346574a0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1073/pnas.84.16.5888 · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.5888
- 10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60984-X · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60984-x
- 10.1074/jbc.272.25.15782 · DOI
- 10.1126/science.282.5397.2266 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1073/pnas.92.11.4768 · DOI
- 10.1038/42500 · DOI
- Felsenfeld D. P. Choquet D. Sheetz M. P. 383 438 (1996). · DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.94.8.3909 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80409-4 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1073/pnas.92.11.5042 · DOI · Paper page
- Rabinowitz J. D. Beeson C. Lyons D. S. Davis M. M. McConnell H. M. 93 1401 (1996). · DOI
- 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80629-9 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1101/SQB.1989.054.01.077 · DOI
- 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80023-0 · DOI
- 10.1038/375148a0 · DOI · Paper page
- ; A. Viola and A. Lanzavecchia. Science 273 104 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0304-4157(86)90016-X · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1126/science.271.5245.43 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1084/jem.174.1.219 · DOI
- Baldwin K. K. Reay P. A. Wu L. Farr A. Davis M. M. 189 13 (1999). · DOI
- 10.1083/jcb.109.6.3325 · DOI
- 10.1093/intimm/6.10.1457 · doi:10.1093/intimm/6.10.1457
- 10.1126/science.1696397 · doi:10.1126/science.1696397
- 10.1016/S0006-3495(76)85755-4 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1074/jbc.272.49.30889 · DOI
- Gay D., Coeshott C., Golde W., Kappler J., Marrack P., J. Immunol. 136, 2026 (1986). · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.6.2026
Cited by
Lipid rafts and signal transduction
Simons, K., & Toomre, D. (2000) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35036052 · Cited by 5,371
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
“Consolidation would refer to processes at the immunological synapse that is subsequently formed between APC and T cells (338, 473) and comprise the transfer of the antigenic information from the APC, only serving as temporary store, to the T cells serving as longterm store.”
BackgroundSmith-Garvin, J. E., Koretzky, G. A., & Jordan, M. S. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132706 · Cited by 2,144
Glycosylation and the Immune System
Rudd, P. M., Elliott, T., Cresswell, P., Wilson, I. A., & Dwek, R. A. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5512.2370 · Cited by 1,588
Physical approaches to biomaterial design
Mitragotri, S., & Lahann, J. (2009) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2344 · Cited by 1,445
Metadata
- Authors
- Grakoui, A., Bromley, S. K., Sumen, C., Davis, M. M., Shaw, A. S., Allen, P. M., & Dustin, M. L.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-07-09
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 5425
- Pages
- 221-227
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2096234619
- Cited by
- 3,102
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 50.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Immunological Synapse: A Molecular Machine Controlling T Cell Activation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.285.5425.221
- The paper
- Grakoui, A., Bromley, S. K., Sumen, C., Davis, M. M., Shaw, A. S., Allen, P. M., & Dustin, M. L. (1999). The Immunological Synapse: A Molecular Machine Controlling T Cell Activation. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5425.221
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
