The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High-fructose corn syrup enhances intestinal tumor growth in mice
Open accessAbstract
A sweetener's not-so-sweet effects: Obesity increases an individual's risk of developing many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. One of the factors driving the rise in obesity rates is thought to be the use of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a sweetener in soft drinks. Goncalves et al. found that ingestion of HFCS promotes the growth of intestinal cancer even in the absence of obesity in mouse tumor models. An enzyme in tumors (ketohexokinase) converts fructose to fructose-1-phosphate, which alters tumor cell metabolism and leads to enhanced cell growth. Whether a similar process occurs in humans remains to be seen. Science , this issue p. 1345
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent animal study showed that high fructose corn syrup intake could induce intestinal tumourigenesis in mice by expediting glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis. The mice treated with the syrup had a substantially increased tumour size and tumour grade, independent of obesity and metabolic syndrome.124”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [124]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106
STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner
Dobin, A., Davis, C. A., Schlesinger, F., Drenkow, J., Zaleski, C., Jha, S., Batut, P., Chaisson, M., & Gingeras, T. R. (2013) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635 · Cited by 51,709
HTSeq—a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data
Anders, S., Pyl, P. T., & Huber, W. (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu638 · Cited by 21,464
Trapnell, C., Williams, B. A., Pertea, G., Mortazavi, A., Kwan, G., van Baren, M. J., Salzberg, S. L., Wold, B. J., & Pachter, L. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1621 · Cited by 15,556
A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis
Fearon, E. R., & Vogelstein, B. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90186-i · Cited by 12,132
Nextflow enables reproducible computational workflows
Di Tommaso, P., Chatzou, M., Floden, E. W., Barja, P. P., Palumbo, E., & Notredame, C. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3820 · Cited by 4,001
Fatty acid synthase and the lipogenic phenotype in cancer pathogenesis
Menendez, J. A., & Lupu, R. (2007) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2222 · Cited by 2,941
Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer
Barker, N., Ridgway, R. A., van Es, J. H., van de Wetering, M., Begthel, H., van den Born, M., Danenberg, E., Clarke, A. R., Sansom, O. J., & Clevers, H. C. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07602 · Cited by 2,232
Cellular Fatty Acid Metabolism and Cancer
Currie, E., Schulze, A., Zechner, R., Walther, T. C., & Farese, R. V. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.017 · Cited by 2,123
Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review
Malik, V. S., Schulze, M. B., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.2.274 · Cited by 2,100
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–372 of 372
Kalimuthu, K., Ganapathy, S., Wadaan, M. A., Vennila, L., Ravindran, B., & Vijayalakshmi, A. (2024) · Journal of King Saud University - Science · doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103181 · Cited by 1
Chávez-Rodríguez, L., Escobedo‐Calvario, A., Jendrossek, V., Matschke, J., Busch, M. A., Dünker, N., Vergara‐Mendoza, M., Souza-Arroyo, V., Bucio, L., Miranda-Labra, R. U., et al. (2025) · Exploration of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.37349/edd.2025.100572 · Cited by 1
The advent of precision nutrigeroscience in cancer: from clinic towards molecular biology
Gao, Z., Liu, Y., Cui, Y., Han, Y., Cao, K., & Wu, Q. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.08.034 · Cited by 2
“The consumption of fructose, a component of many sweetened foods, has been associated with an increased risk of intestinal tumours in pre-clinical [21].”
Hetrick, Y. M., Fesseha, M., & Hong, M. Y. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104667 · Cited by 1
Additive Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) in Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis
Kalimuthu, K., Ganapathy, S., Balamurugan, E., Thayammal, A. K. R., Veeravarmal, V., & Vijayalakshmi, A. (2023) · Pharmacognosy Research · doi:10.5530/pres.15.4.087
Cold stress induces colitis-like phenotypes in mice by altering gut microbiota and metabolitesPreprint
Sun, L., Chen, Y., Song, J., Yuan, Q., Wang, X., Zhao, Y., Liang, C., Zhang, H., Lian, B., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1400518/v1 · Cited by 1
Mirzaei, R., Bidgoli, S. A., Khosrokhavar, R., Shoeibi, S., & Ashtiani, H. A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1188503/v1 · Cited by 1
Devenport, S. N. (2019) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
The polyol pathway is a crucial glucose sensor in DrosophilaPreprint
Sano, H., Nakamura, A., Yamane, M., Niwa, H., Nishimura, T., & Kojima, M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.993170
“Feeding mice with high-fructose corn syrup enhances tumor growth independently of obesity and metabolic syndrome (Goncalves et al., 2019).”
BackgroundYe, G., Gao, H., Huang, Q., Lin, Y., Liao, X., Zhang, H., & Yang, B. (2020) · Analytical Letters · doi:10.1080/00032719.2020.1750623
“The daily oral administration of high-fructose corn sirup raised the level of fructose in the intestinal lumen and serum, leading to increased glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis, which accelerated tumor growth in adenomatous polyposis coli mutant mice (Goncalves et al. 2019).”
BackgroundVariability in the metabolism of saccharides in bladder and colon cancer cell lines
Lea, M. A., & desBordes, C. (2020) · Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy · doi:10.14312/2052-4994.2020-4
Blocking Fructose could be a Novel Approach against Cancer
Nakagawa, T., Lanaspa, M. A., Andres-Hern, A., Kojima, H., & Johnson, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical & Experimental Nephrology
Huang, C., Pai, Y.-C., & Yu, L. C. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1175570/v1
Teleman, A. A., & Figlia, G. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.738090259.793578803
Chung, H. (2022) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.32310
“The rationale of combining ribavirin in treatment- naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 and compensated liver disease is not clear, as it is not recommended by practice guidelines.[1,2] It is difficult to explain the low SVR rates of 80.”
BackgroundRothwell, J. A., & Severi, G. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac077
Dietary components associated with being overweight, having obesity, and cancer
Anisman, H., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00018-5
Cold stress induces colitis-like phenotypes in mice by altering gut microbiota and metabolitesPreprint
Sun, L., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Song, J., Liang, C., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1400518/v2
Telomere dysfunction impairs intestinal differentiation and predisposes to diet-induced colitisPreprint
Engevik, M. A., Guo, L., Song, W., Chronowski, C., Akhanov, V., Huerta, N. A. B., Engevik, A. C., Oezguen, N., Coarfa, C., Putluri, N., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.499988
Ha, S. M., Ahn, I., Kowal, T., Yoon, J. G., Olson, C. A., Diamante, G., Cely, I., Zhang, G., Wang, S., Garcia, K., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.06.506855
مقارنة النتائج السريرية للعلاج الكيميائي المساعد بين سرطان الكولون الأيمن والأيسر
كنعان, م. س., عبدالله, ن., & عاقل, س. (2022) · مجلة العلوم الطبية و الصيدلانية · doi:10.26389/ajsrp.k180122
Qi, S., Tang, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, R., Qin, C., & Gao, X. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2166099/v1
Data from Dietary Fructose Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth
Carreño, D. V., Corro, N. B., Cerda-Infante, J. F., Echeverría, C. E., Asencio-Barría, C. A., Torres-Estay, V. A., Mayorga-Weber, G. A., Rojas, P. A., Véliz, L. P., Cisternas, P. A., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.6512193
Data from Dietary Fructose Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth
Carreño, D. V., Corro, N. B., Cerda-Infante, J. F., Echeverría, C. E., Asencio-Barría, C. A., Torres-Estay, V. A., Mayorga-Weber, G. A., Rojas, P. A., Véliz, L. P., Cisternas, P. A., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.6512193.v1
Data from Fructose Promotes Cytoprotection in Melanoma Tumors and Resistance to Immunotherapy
Kuehm, L. M., Khojandi, N., Piening, A., Klevorn, L. E., Geraud, S. C., McLaughlin, N. R., Griffett, K., Burris, T. P., Pyles, K. D., Nelson, A. M., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.c.6550453.v1
Devall, M., Eaton, S., Hu, G.-Z., Sun, X.-Q., Jakum, E., Venkatesh, S., Powell, S. M., Yoshida, C., Weisenberger, D., Cooper, G. S., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.23290777
Hidayah, N., Yustisia, I., Natzir, R., Hafiyani, L., Ilhamuddin, I., Aswad, H., & Hardjo, M. (2023) · The Indonesian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2534
“Fructose might not affect the mRNA expressions of GLUT5, GLUT7 and GLUT11.”
BackgroundResearch progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of premature ovarian failure
Subinuer·Maimaiti1, T. (2023) · International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.25236/ijfm.2023.051010
“Many studies have found that a high fat and high blood sugar diet can seriously affect ovarian function and oocyte quality [6, 7].”
BackgroundDeveloping Strategies to Improve Diabetes Management in College-Going Young Adults
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4815-8
Leng, W., Li, X., Zhu, Z., Gao, D., Hu, W., Xu, C., Wang, G., & Lin, J. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5760773/v1
Positioning the liver at the centre of fructose-associated extrahepatic cancer
Marjot, T. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.02.021
High-Fructose Diet Aggravates Temporomandibular Joint Cartilage Degeneration
Zhao, Y., Chen, W.-W., Xue, Y., & Wu, M. (2025) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Open · doi:10.1097/sc9.0000000000000026
Wang, S., Yushui, M. A., Lei, L., Pei, W., Jia, W., Jin, X., Qiang, J., Wang, C., Chentai, Q., Miaomiao, Z., et al. (2025) · PubMed Central · doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.04.020
Akkaya-Colak, K. B., Keller, A. R., Festing, M. H., Gupta, K., Sledziona, J., Adeniyi, A., West, O., Stevens, P., Pietrzak, M., Knoblaugh, S. E., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676943
Letter to the Editor: Reevaluating Diet–microbiota Interactions in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Peker, P., & Selvi, S. (2025) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2025.2593434
“This contrast is consistent with recent findings that the fructose/sucrose nutrient components of WD directly drive CRC proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, and metastatic behavior regardless of systemic inflammation or adiposity (3,4).”
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803258
Yang, L.-P., Wang, Z.-X., Zhang, R., Zhou, N., Wang, A.-M., Liang, W., Wang, Z.-Q., Luo, H.-Y., Wang, F., Liu, J., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14429444
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803240
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803249
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803252
Yang, L.-P., Wang, Z.-X., Zhang, R., Zhou, N., Wang, A.-M., Liang, W., Wang, Z.-Q., Luo, H.-Y., Wang, F., Liu, J.-W., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14429447
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803243
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803261
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803255
Cui, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, J., Wang, Z., Song, W., Guo, H., Liu, L., Tian, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803246
Bansal, S., Burman, A., Arora, T., Vachher, M., Wali, N. M., & Kumar, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Epigenetics and Epigenomics · doi:10.3389/freae.2025.1752493
“Excess fructose been linked to the risk of pancreatic, prostate and small intestinal cancers (Aune et al., 2012; Carreno et al., 2021; Goncalves et al., 2019; Port et al., 2012; Senavirathna et al., 2023).”
Trump, Coca-Cola and the fructose frenzy that influences brain and neuronal tumor development
Shi, Y., Frezza, V., Sànchez‐Martìn, C., Chen, W., Jia, W., & Melino, G. (2026) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-026-01695-9
Early-Life Sugar Restriction and Long-Term Risk of Cancer: A Natural Experiment Study in the UKPreprint
Zhu, C., & Zhang, W. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.11.22.25340786
Project MEPROT: Shaping the Future of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer PreventionPreprint
Jovanović, I. (2026) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3114629
O-GlcNAcylation regulates PPAR-driven metabolic programming in intestinal stem cellsPreprint
McDermott, T. H., Saiz, D. R., Millan, Y. B., Ho, N. A., Torel, M., Uher, E., Aboagye, C. I., Farnsworth, F., Lahiri, G., Thiriveedi, V., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711696
“…stem cells (ISCs) continuously regenerate the epithelium while adapting to fluctuations in nutrient status (Barker et al., 2007; Beyaz et al., 2016; Cheng et al., 2019; Goncalves et al., 2019; Imada et al., 2024; C. Li et al., 2023; Mana et al., 2021; Mihaylova et al., 2018; Yilmaz et al., 2012).”
The role of the circadian transcription factor KLF10 in liver physiology
Ruberto, A. A. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/cb3492c2z5778z48e3za7d7zf17279fd718b
Metabolic Roles of Acyl Coenzyme A-Binding Protein (ACBP)/Diazepam Binding Inhibitor (DBI)
Joseph, A. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b045685ezd444z4b46zb0f9z0e726ceac466
Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1794440
“…which is broadly taken up via multiple glucose transporters (GLUTs) and phosphorylated by hexokinase (HK) to enter the classic glycolytic pathway, fructose primarily enters cells through the fructose-specific transporter GLUT5, encoded by the solute carrier family 2 member 5 (SLC2A5) gene (10).”
Chen, C., Wang, J., & Xia, B. (2025) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1093/ijfood/vvag083
Chen, K., Yanting, D. U. A. N., & Xu, J. (2026) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2025-0819
Etiology and pathophysiology of colon cancer
Sharma, S., Kalra, D., Dhanawat, M., Malik, G., & Chaubey, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40443-6.00009-x
Ouyang, Q., Gao, K., Lu, H., & Zhang, S. (2026) · Clinical and Translational Discovery · doi:10.1002/ctd2.70186
Akkaya-Colak, K. B., Keller, A. R., Festing, M. H., Gupta, K., Sledziona, J., Adeniyi, A., West, O., Stevens, P., Pietrzak, M., Knoblaugh, S. E., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117731
Wu, W., Wang, W., Zhang, J., Liang, Q., Wang, N., Chen, L., Wang, C., Li, J., Cong, Y., Hong, H., et al. (2026) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02896-x
Tangyingyong, S., Abu‐Fares, H., & Susiriwatananont, T. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14092046
“Importantly, genetic ablation of either Khk or fatty acid synthase ( Fasn ) abolished the tumor-promoting effect of HFCS, providing evidence that local sugar metabolism can directly accelerate intestinal tumorigenesis independently of systemic weight gain [49].”
Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Sheng, H., Jiang, S., Cheng, J., Kuang, Y., Liu, M., Feng, L., Sun, Y., & Duan, J. (2026) · iNew Medicine · doi:10.1002/inm3.70071
Self-citationYamaguchi, K. D., Yamanoi, K., Ogura, J., Koike, A., Umemiya, M., Higashiyama, N., Kou, K., Inayama, Y., Mizuno, R., Miyamoto, T., et al. (2026) · Cancer Reports · doi:10.1002/cnr2.70702
“Furthermore, two previous studies reported a combination of a DNL inhibitor and low-fat diets [80, 81] for patients with intestinal cancer.”
Wu, X., Li, Z., & 杨绍祥 (2026) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/d6ay01788f
Li, W., Zhu, K., Wu, L., Liao, Y., Liang, Y., Liu, M., & Chen, H. (2026) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.119434
Advanced Nanomedicines for Cancer Metabolic Therapy
Duan, Q., Tian, C., Cheng, X., Wang, L., Huo, M., & Shi, J. (2026) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.75365
Metadata
- Authors
- Goncalves, M. D., Lu, C., Tutnauer, J., Hartman, T. E., Hwang, S.-K., Murphy, C. J., Pauli, C., Morris, R., Taylor, S., Bosch, K., Yang, S., Wang, Y., Van Riper, J., Lekaye, H. C., Roper, J., Kim, Y., Chen, Q., Gross, S. S., Rhee, K. Y., Cantley, L. C., & Yun, J.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Duke University (US)
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Cantley, Lewis C.
- Yun, Jihye
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2019-03-22
- Volume
- 363
- Issue
- 6433
- Pages
- 1345-1349
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6487857
- OpenAlex
- W2922809418
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 39.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 NS093872, R35 CA197588, KL2 Scholar 2014 [Y8-H], CA230318)
- National Cancer Institute (1K22CA216036)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PO1 HD067244)
- Stand Up To Cancer Colorectal Cancer Dream Team Translational Research Grant (SU2C-AACR-DT22-17)
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RR170039)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- high fructose corn syrup, colorectal cancer, fructose, dietary glucose, fructose-1-phosphate, glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, carcinogenesis, sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Intestinal Neoplasms, Mice, Mutant Strains, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein, Tumor Burden, Mice, Neoplasm Grading, Carcinogenesis, High Fructose Corn Syrup
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review