Emerging applications for DNA writers and molecular recorders
Open accessAbstract
Natural life is encoded by evolvable, DNA-based memory. Recent advances in dynamic genome-engineering technologies, which we collectively refer to as in vivo DNA writing, have opened new avenues for investigating and engineering biology. This Review surveys these technological advances, outlines their prospects and emerging applications, and discusses the features and current limitations of these technologies for building various genetic circuits for processing and recording information in living cells.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Amplified material was pure and ready for re-encapsulation into silica particles, which could be re-introduced directly back into the data pool and thereby represents a complete write-store-access-read cycle that in principle may be applied to larger-scale datasets, with periodic renewal of single-stranded DNA barcodes and bacterial replication of DNA data following reading.
“Amplified material was pure and ready for re-encapsulation into silica particles, which could be re-introduced directly back into the data pool and thereby represents a complete write-store-access-read cycle that in principle may be applied larger-scale datasets, with periodic renewal of single-stranded DNA barcodes and bacterial replication of DNA data following reading25–27.”
From Random access DNA memory using Boolean search in an archival file storage system (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage
Komor, A. C., Kim, Y. B., Packer, M. S., Zuris, J. A., & Liu, D. R. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17946 · Cited by 5,437 · see citing works
The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Sulston, J. E., Schierenberg, E., White, J. G., & Thomson, J. N. (1983) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(83)90201-4 · Cited by 4,199 · see citing works
Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage
Gaudelli, N. M., Komor, A. C., Rees, H. A., Packer, M. S., Badran, A. H., Bryson, D. I., & Liu, D. R. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24644 · Cited by 4,184 · see citing works
Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system
Livet, J., Weissman, T. A., Kang, H., Draft, R. W., Lu, J., Bennis, R. A., Sanes, J. R., & Lichtman, J. W. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06293 · Cited by 1,876 · see citing works
Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity
Hu, J. H., Miller, S. M., Geurts, M. H., Tang, W., Chen, L., Sun, N., Zeina, C. M., Gao, X., Rees, H. A., Lin, Z., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature26155 · Cited by 1,552 · see citing works
Next-Generation Digital Information Storage in DNA
Church, G. M., Gao, Y., & Kosuri, S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1226355 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Whole-organism lineage tracing by combinatorial and cumulative genome editing
McKenna, A., Findlay, G. M., Gagnon, J. A., Horwitz, M. S., Schier, A. F., & Shendure, J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf7907 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Kretzschmar, K., & Watt, F. M. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.002 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Synthetic circuits integrating logic and memory in living cells
Siuti, P., Yazbek, J., & Lu, T. K. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2510 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Self-citationAmplifying Genetic Logic Gates
Bonnet, J., Yin, P., Ortiz, M. E., Subsoontorn, P., & Endy, D. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232758 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells
Frieda, K. L., Linton, J. M., Hormoz, S., Choi, J., Chow, K.-H. K., Singer, Z. S., Budde, M. W., Elowitz, M. B., & Cai, L. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20777 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
CRISPR-Cas Encoding of a Digital Movie into the Genomes of a Population of Living Bacteria
Shipman, S. L., Nivala, J., Macklis, J. D., & Church, G. M. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23017 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Tunable and Multifunctional Eukaryotic Transcription Factors Based on CRISPR/Cas
Farzadfard, F., Perli, S. D., & Lu, T. K. (2013) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/sb400081r · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationGenomically encoded analog memory with precise in vivo DNA writing in living cell populations
Farzadfard, F., & Lu, T. K. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1256272 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationLarge-scale design of robust genetic circuits with multiple inputs and outputs for mammalian cells
Weinberg, B. H., Pham, N. T. H., Galva, L. D. C., Lozanoski, T. M., Engel, A., Bhatia, S. P., & Wong, W. W. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3805 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Rewritable multi-event analog recording in bacterial and mammalian cells
Tang, W., & Liu, D. R. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aap8992 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Synthetic recombinase-based state machines in living cells
Roquet, N., Soleimany, A. P., Ferris, A. C., Aaronson, S., & Lu, T. K. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad8559 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular recordings by directed CRISPR spacer acquisition
Shipman, S. L., Nivala, J., Macklis, J. D., & Church, G. M. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf1175 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Continuous genetic recording with self-targeting CRISPR-Cas in human cells
Perli, S. D., Cui, C. H., & Lu, T. K. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag0511 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationRapidly evolving homing CRISPR barcodes
Kalhor, R., Mali, P., & Church, G. M. (2016) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4108 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Multiplex recording of cellular events over time on CRISPR biological tape
Sheth, R. U., Yim, S. S., Wu, F. L., & Wang, H. H. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aao0958 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Tuning the dynamic range of bacterial promoters regulated by ligand-inducible transcription factors
Chen, Y., Ho, J. M. L., Shis, D. L., Gupta, C., Long, J., Wagner, D. S., Ott, W., Josić́, K., & Bennett, M. R. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02473-5 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
A new era for functional labeling of neurons: activity-dependent promoters have come of age
Kawashima, T., Okuno, H., & Bito, H. (2014) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00037 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Single-Nucleotide-Resolution Computing and Memory in Living Cells
Farzadfard, F., Gharaei, N., Higashikuni, Y., Jung, G., Cao, J., & Lu, T. K. (2019) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.011 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationZador, A. M., Dubnau, J., Oyibo, H. K., Zhan, H., Cao, G., & Peikon, I. D. (2012) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001411 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Quantitative Analysis of Synthetic Cell Lineage Tracing Using Nuclease Barcoding
Schmidt, S., Zimmerman, S. M., Wang, J., Kim, S. K., & Quake, S. R. (2017) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.6b00309 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Of Toasters and Molecular Ticker Tapes
Kording, K. P. (2011) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002291 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Marionette: E. coli containing 12 highly-optimized small molecule sensorsPreprint
Meyer, A. J., Segall-Shapiro, T. H., & Voigt, C. A. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/285866 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [6]Farzadfard F., bioRxiv 263657 [Preprint]. 16 2 2018.
- [16]Meyer AJ, Segall-Shapiro TH, Voigt CA, bioRxiv 285866 [Preprint]. 10 4 2018.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Base editing: precision chemistry on the genome and transcriptome of living cells
Rees, H. A., & Liu, D. R. (2018) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0059-1 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
CRISPR/Cas Systems towards Next-Generation Biosensing
Li, Y., Li, S., Wang, J., & Liu, G. (2019) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.12.005 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Past, present, and future of CRISPR genome editing technologies
Pacesa, M., Pelea, O., & Jinek, M. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.042 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
The CRISPR-Cas toolbox and gene editing technologies
Liu, G., Lin, Q., Jin, S., & Gao, C. (2021) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.002 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Materials design by synthetic biology
Tang, T., An, B., Huang, Y., Vasikaran, S., Wang, Y., Jiang, X., Lu, T. K., & Zhong, C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-020-00265-w · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationCRISPR/Cas-Mediated Base Editing: Technical Considerations and Practical Applications
Molla, K. A., & Yang, Y. (2019) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.008 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Multiplexed genome engineering by Cas12a and CRISPR arrays encoded on single transcripts
Campa, C. C., Weisbach, N. R., Santinha, A. J., Incarnato, D., & Platt, R. J. (2019) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0508-6 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
DNA storage: research landscape and future prospects
Dong, Y., Sun, F., Ping, Z., Ouyang, Q., & Qian, L. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa007 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Zou, Z., Du, Y., Fang, T.-T., Zhou, Y. Q., & Ye, B. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.12.004 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Random access DNA memory using Boolean search in an archival file storage system
Banal, J. L., Shepherd, T. R., Berleant, J., Huang, H., Reyes, M., Ackerman, C. M., Blainey, P. C., & Bathe, M. (2021) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01021-3 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Synthetic genetic circuits for programmable biological functionalities
Xia, P., Ling, H., Foo, J. L., & Chang, M. W. (2019) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.015 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Single-Nucleotide-Resolution Computing and Memory in Living Cells
Farzadfard, F., Gharaei, N., Higashikuni, Y., Jung, G., Cao, J., & Lu, T. K. (2019) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.011 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationA reference cell tree will serve science better than a reference cell atlas
Domcke, S., & Shendure, J. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.016 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Efficient, continuous mutagenesis in human cells using a pseudo-random DNA editor
Chen, H., Liu, S., Padula, S., Lesman, D., Griswold, K., Lin, A. Z., Zhao, T., Marshall, J. L., & Chen, F. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0331-8 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Engineering Escherichia coli lifespan for enhancing chemical production
Guo, L., Diao, W., Gao, C., Hu, G., Ding, Q., Ye, C., Chen, X., Liu, J., & Liu, L. (2020) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-019-0411-7 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Stimuli-responsive DNA-based hydrogels for biosensing applications
Chen, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Peng, Y. Y., Li, S., Han, D., Ren, S., Qin, K., Li, S., & Gao, Z. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01242-x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Transforming ecology and conservation biology through genome editing
Phelps, M., Seeb, L. W., & Seeb, J. E. (2019) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.13292 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
In situ readout of DNA barcodes and single base edits facilitated by in vitro transcription
Askary, A., Sánchez-Guardado, L. Ó., Linton, J. M., Chadly, D. M., Budde, M. W., Cai, L., Lois, C., & Elowitz, M. B. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0299-4 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Noninvasive assessment of gut function using transcriptional recording sentinel cells
Schmidt, F., Zimmermann, J., Tanna, T., Farouni, R., Conway, T., Macpherson, A. J., & Platt, R. J. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm6038 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Robust direct digital-to-biological data storage in living cells.
Yim, S. S., McBee, R. M., Song, A. M., Huang, Y., Sheth, R. U., & Wang, H. H. (2021) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-020-00711-4 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Precise genome-editing in human diseases: mechanisms, strategies and applications
Zheng, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, K., Li, T., VanDusen, N. J., & Hua, Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01750-2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Nucleic Acid Databases and Molecular-Scale Computing
Song, X., & Reif, J. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b02562 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Microbial Base Editing: A Powerful Emerging Technology for Microbial Genome Engineering
Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, P., Sun, J., & Wang, M. (2020) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.010 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Futuristic CRISPR-based biosensing in the cloud and internet of things era: an overview
Ibrahim, A. U., Al-Turjman, F. M., Sa’id, Z., & Özsöz, M. (2020) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09010-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Inda, M. E., & Lu, T. K. (2020) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-022620-081059 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, F., Tang, Q., Fan, Y.-Y., Li, Y., Li, J., Wu, J., Luo, C.-F., Sun, H., Li, W., & Yu, H. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2006534117 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
CRISPR base editing and prime editing: DSB and template-free editing systems for bacteria and plants
Abdullah, A., Jiang, Z., Hong, X., Zhang, S., Yao, R., & Xiao, Y. (2020) · Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2020.08.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Phelps, M. (2019) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13084 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Lu, J., Xie, Z. X., Wang, D. H., He, B. S., & Huang, W. T. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0763 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Overcoming the challenges of cancer drug resistance through bacterial‐mediated therapy
Zargar, A., Chang, S., Kothari, A., Snijders, A. M., Mao, J., Wang, J. C., Hernández, A. C., Keasling, J. D., & Bivona, T. G. (2019) · Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.11.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Novel Modalities in DNA Data Storage
Lim, C. K., Nirantar, S., Yew, W. S., & Poh, C. L. (2021) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.12.008 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
An outlook on the current challenges and opportunities in DNA data storage
Raza, M. H., Desai, S. S., Aravamudhan, S., & Zadegan, R. M. (2023) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108155 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Linghu, C., An, B., Shpokayte, M., Celiker, O. T., Shmoel, N., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., Park, D., Park, W. M., Ramirez, S., et al. (2023) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01586-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Efficient retroelement-mediated DNA writing in bacteria
Farzadfard, F., Gharaei, N., Citorik, R. J., & Lu, T. K. (2021) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2021.07.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationRecording of elapsed time and temporal information about biological events using Cas9
Park, J., Lim, J. M., Jung, I., Heo, S., Park, J., Chang, Y. J., Kim, H. K., Jung, D., Yu, J. H., Min, S., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.014 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Digital data storage on DNA tape using CRISPR base editors
Sadremomtaz, A., Glass, R. F., Guerrero, J. E., LaJeunesse, D., Josephs, E. A., & Zadegan, R. M. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42223-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rational programming of history-dependent logic in cellular populations
Zúñiga, A., Guiziou, S., Mayonove, P., Meriem, Z. B., Rufino, M. C., Moreau, V., Ciandrini, L., Hersen, P., & Bonnet, J. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18455-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Peptide-Based Sensing, Logic Computing, and Information Security on the Antimonene Platform
Bu, Z. Q., Yao, Q. F., Liu, Q. Y., Quan, M. X., Lu, J., & Huang, W. T. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c23814 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Decoding the microbiome: advances in genetic manipulation for gut bacteria
Chen, Z., Jin, W., Hoover, A., Chao, Y., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bone marrow chimeras—a vital tool in basic and translational research
Ferreira, F. M., Palle, P., Berg, J. V., Prajwal, P., Laman, J. D., & Buch, T. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-019-01783-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Recording transcriptional histories using Record-seq
Tanna, T., Schmidt, F., Cherepkova, M. Y., Okoniewski, M. J., & Platt, R. J. (2020) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-019-0253-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Odoh, C. K., Guo, X., Arnone, J. T., Wang, X., & Zhao, Z. K. (2022) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-022-09958-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Scalable biological signal recording in mammalian cells using Cas12a base editors
Kempton, H. R., Love, K. S., Guo, L. Y., & Qi, L. S. (2022) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-022-01034-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Visualization of individual cell division history in complex tissues using iCOUNT
Denoth‐Lippuner, A., Jaeger, B. N., Liang, T., Royall, L. N., Chie, S. E., Buthey, K., Machado, D., Korobeynyk, V. I., Kruse, M., Munz, C. M., et al. (2021) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.012 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A brief review on DNA storage, compression, and digitalization
Cevallos, Y., Nakano, T., Tello-Oquendo, L., Rushdi, A. A., Inca, D., Santillán, I., Shirazi, A. Z., & Samaniego, N. (2021) · Nano Communication Networks · doi:10.1016/j.nancom.2021.100391 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Beyond 25 years of biomedical innovation in nano-bioelectronics
Li, P., Kim, S., & Tian, B. (2024) · Device · doi:10.1016/j.device.2024.100401 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A DNA circuit that records molecular events
Zhang, M., Yancey, C., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Ma, Q., Yang, L., Schulman, R., Han, D., & Tan, W. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adn3329 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Takasugi, P., Wang, S., Truong, K. T., Drage, E. P., Kanishka, S. N., Higbee, M. A., Bamidele, N., Ojelabi, O., Sontheimer, E. J., & Gagnon, J. A. (2021) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyab196 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Computationally designed hyperactive Cas9 enzymes
Vos, P. D., Rossetti, G., Mantegna, J. L., Siira, S. J., Gandadireja, A. P., Bruce, M., Raven, S. A., Khersonsky, O., Fleishman, S. J., Filipovska, A., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30598-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Addressable and adaptable intercellular communication via DNA messaging
Marken, J. P., & Murray, R. M. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37788-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Yao, Q. F., Quan, M. X., Yang, J. H., Liu, Q. Y., Bu, Z. Q., & Huang, W. T. (2021) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202103983 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kalamakis, G., & Platt, R. J. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.021 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
How stem cells remember their past
Royall, L. N., & Jessberger, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.008 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zou, Z., & Ye, B. (2020) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00193 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Billon, P., Nambiar, T. S., Hayward, S. B., Zafra, M. P., Schatoff, E. M., Oshima, K., Dunbar, A. J., Breinig, M., Park, Y. C., Ryu, H.-S., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.068 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Li, Y., Zhao, W. H., Wu, Y., Li, R., Zhang, J., Xie, H., Zhang, K., & Li, J. (2025) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs00921a · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Luo, H., Huang, W. L., He, Z., Fang, Y., Tian, Y., & Xiong, Z. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202415358 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Molecular recording using DNA Typewriter
Liao, H., Choi, J., & Shendure, J. (2024) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-024-01003-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liquid crystal–guided DNA information storage: Nondestructive recovery and long-term preservation
Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Miao, L., Zhu, H., Ren, Y., Zhao, K., Wan, S., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Lü, C., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu3957 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Innovation in culture systems to study muscle complexity
Moyle, L. A., Davoudi, S., & Gilbert, P. M. (2021) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112966 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning in synthetic gene circuits
Racovita, A., & Jaramillo, A. (2020) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20200008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Guo, L., Lü, J., Gao, C., Zhang, L., Liu, L., & Chen, X. (2021) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11385-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lu, J., Jiang, Q., Lei, J. J., He, Y. X., & Huang, W. T. (2022) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2022.340483 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gene Editing: An Effective Tool for the Future Treatment of Kidney Disease
Cao, M., Han, R.-Y., Chen, S.-D., Zhao, D., Shi, M., Zou, J.-H., Li, L., & Jiang, H.-K. (2025) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s506760 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Current and emerging opportunities in biological medium‐based computing and digital data storage
Bennet, D., Vo‐Dinh, T., & Zenhausern, F. (2021) · Nano Select · doi:10.1002/nano.202100275 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Magnetic control of self-assembly and disassembly in organic materials
Jung, Y., Kim, H., Cheong, H., & Lim, Y. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38846-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
DNA storage in everyday objects
Farzadfard, F. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0376-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationOne-step data storage in cellular DNA
Bhattarai-Kline, S., Lear, S. K., & Shipman, S. L. (2021) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-021-00737-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Linghu, C., An, B., Shpokayte, M., Celiker, O. T., Shmoel, N., Zhang, C., Park, W. M., Ramirez, S., & Boyden, E. S. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Methods for measuring the evolutionary stability of engineered genomes to improve their longevity
Nuismer, S. L., Layman, N. C., REDWOOD, A. J., Chan, B., & Bull, J. J. (2021) · Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1093/synbio/ysab018 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Molecular circuits for genomic recording of cellular events
Chen, W., & Choi, J. (2025) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2025.04.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Strategies and mechanisms of precision genome engineering: From gene editing to genome writing
Huang, K., Tian, J., Zhao, W., Zhang, S., Xiang, L., Yang, M., Ls, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, N., Sun, L., et al. (2026) · iMetaOmics. · doi:10.1002/imo2.70115 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Exploring the intersection of natural sciences and information technology via entropy and randomness
Luescher, A. M., Heckel, R., & Grass, R. N. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62353-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Scalable and multiplexed recorders of gene regulation dynamics across weeks
Zheng, L., Shi, D., Yan, Y., Zhou, B., Lim, J., Hou, Y., An, B., Adhinarta, J. K., Lin, M., Ko, B., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10156-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Reconstructing signaling history of single cells with imaging-based molecular recordingPreprint
Hao, K., Barrett, M., Samadi, Z., Zarezadeh, A., McGrath, Y., & Askary, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617908 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
McDiarmid, T. A., Taylor, M. L., Chen, W., Chardon, F. M., Choi, J., Liao, H., Li, X., Kim, H., Lalanne, J., Li, T. Y., et al. (2025) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-025-02896-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lin, H., Makhlouf, A., Echegaray, C. V., Zawada, D. M., & Simões, F. C. (2023) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.202300 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Advancing CRISPR-Based Programmable Platforms beyond Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells
Higashikuni, Y., & Lu, T. K. (2019) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00297 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationTakasugi, P. R., Wang, S., Truong, K. T., Drage, E. P., Kanishka, S. N., Higbee, M. A., Bamidele, N., Ojelabi, O., Sontheimer, E. J., & Gagnon, J. A. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.07.372151 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Editing Properties of Base Editors with SpCas9-NG in Discarded Human Tripronuclear Zygotes
Liu, X., Zhou, X., Li, G., Huang, S., Sun, W., Sun, Q., Li, L., Huang, X., Liu, J., & Wang, L. (2021) · The CRISPR Journal · doi:10.1089/crispr.2021.0036 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guzella, T., Barreto, V. M., & Carneiro, J. (2020) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007910 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recording temporal data onto DNA with minutes resolutionPreprint
Bhan, N., Strutz, J., Glaser, J. I., Kalhor, R., Boyden, E. S., Church, G. M., Kording, K. P., & Tyo, K. E. J. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/634790 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tian, K., Zhang, S., Chen, S., Chingarande, G. R., Hou, C., Ma, E., Ren, J., Ding, S., Stertzer, M., Luan, B., et al. (2025) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf233 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Arshad, F., & Ahmed, M. U. (2024) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837673216-00118 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recording Biological Information with CRISPR ‐ Cas Systems
Cherepkova, M. Y., Tanna, T., & Platt, R. J. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781683673798.ch16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
McDiarmid, T. A., Taylor, M. L., Chen, W., Chardon, F. M., Choi, J., Liao, H., Li, X., Kim, H., Lalanne, J., Li, T. W., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615957 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Using CRISPR barcoding as a molecular clock to capture dynamic processes at single-cell resolutionPreprint
Andres-Lopez, Y., Santambrogio, A., Kafetzopoulos, I., Todd, C. D., Khouri-Gonzalez, C. E., Gonzalez-Alvarez, J.-E., Alda-Catalinas, C., Clark, S. J., Reik, W., & Hernando-Herraez, I. (2026) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.280915.125 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Genetic recording and in situ readout of single-cell signaling memory
Hao, K., Liu, Y., Barrett, M., Samadi, Z., Zarezadeh, A., McGrath, Y., Zernicka‐Goetz, M., & Askary, A. (2026) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-026-02168-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Genome Editing: A Review of the Challenges and Approaches
Sharma, D., Kaur, H., Kapoor, H. K., Sharma, R., Kaur, H., & Kyum, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08072-2_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Synthetic Signal Varied Weight Indicator in Bacteria
Chen, M. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2921400
Construction of a Genetic Comparator in Escherichia Coli
Chen, M. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2924683
Synthetic Gene Circuits in Intestinal Bacteria: Biosensors and Pulse Counters
Naydich, A. D. (2019) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
CRISPR Clocks: The Times They Are a-Changin’
Bodle, J. C., & Gersbach, C. A. (2021) · The CRISPR Journal · doi:10.1089/crispr.2021.29123.ger
АНАЛІЗ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ДОВГОСТРОКОВОГО ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ДАНИХ НА ДНК
Крючин, А. А., Беляк, Є. В., Крючина, Є. А., & Shikhovets, О. V. (2021) · Medical Informatics and Engineering · doi:10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2020.3.12390
Genome Editing with CRISPR‐Cas Systems
Lotfy, P., & Hsu, P. D. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781683673798.ch11
Application of CRISPR Cas systems in DNA recorders and writers
Sen, D., & Mukhopadhyay, P. (2023) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104870
Diary of a cell in DNA ‘chyrons’
Chen, C., & Wang, H. H. (2025) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-024-01814-y
Research Progress on Nucleic Acid Information Material
Song, L., Li, M., & Zuo, X. (2025) · 中国科学基金 · doi:10.3724/bnsfc-2025.02.19.0002
High-throughput editing boosts the construction of next-generation microbial cell factories
Sun, X., Zheng, Y., Luo, J., Geng, Z., Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Chen, T., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2026.01.013
- Authors
- Farzadfard, F., & Lu, T. K.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-08-31
- Volume
- 361
- Issue
- 6405
- Pages
- 870-875
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6995688
- OpenAlex
- W2888880210
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM098792)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- genome editing, synthetic gene circuits, synthetic biology, living cells, information processing in cells
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Brain Mapping, DNA, Endonucleases, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Recombination, Genetic, Biosensing Techniques, Information Storage and Retrieval, Genome, Directed Molecular Evolution, Cell Engineering
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review