Cited by 1,482Robotic Locomotion and ControlReinforcement Learning in RoboticsProsthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics

Learning agile and dynamic motor skills for legged robots

Open access
Hwangbo, Jemin, Lee, Joonho, Dosovitskiy, Alexey, Bellicoso, Dario, Tsounis, Vassilios, Koltun, Vladlen, Hutter, Marco·2019·Science Robotics

Abstract

A method for learning agile control policies uses simulated data to enable precise, efficient movements in a complex physical robot.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/scirobotics.aau5872

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Application of reinforcement learning to legged locomotion has largely been confined to laboratory environments and conditions.

    “However, application of RL to legged locomotion has largely been confined to laboratory environments and conditions.”

    From Learning quadrupedal locomotion over challenging terrain (2020) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Including joint position errors and velocities measured at -0.01 s and -0.02 s in the state allows the policy to exploit the actuator dynamics.

    “Joint position errors and velocities measured at -0.01 s and -0.02 s are contained in ot , which is the same as the input to the learned model of the joint-level PD controller. This information allows the policy to exploit the actuator dynamics [12].”

    From Learning quadrupedal locomotion over challenging terrain (2020) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Using a learned dynamics model of the robot's joint PD controller in simulation facilitates the transfer of policies from simulation to reality.

    “The simulation uses a learned dynamics model of the robot's joint PD controller [12]. This facilitates the transfer of policies from simulation to reality.”

    From Learning quadrupedal locomotion over challenging terrain (2020) · cites this paper as [12]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [1]1. M. Raibert, K. Blankespoor, G. Nelson, R. Playter, Bigdog, the roughterrain quadruped robot, Proceedings of the 2008 International Federation of Automatic Control , 10822-10825 (Elsevier, 2008).
  2. [38]38. A. Dosovitskiy, V. Koltun, Learning to act by predicting the future, International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2017).
  3. [49]49. E. Ackerman, Boston dynamics sand flea robot demonstrates astonishing jumping skills, IEEE Spectrum Robotics Blog 2 (2012).
  4. [54]54. J. Schulman, P. Moritz, S. Levine, M. Jordan, P. Abbeel, Highdimensional continuous control using generalized advantage estimation, Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (2016).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hwangbo, J., Lee, J., Dosovitskiy, A., Bellicoso, D., Tsounis, V., Koltun, V., & Hutter, M.
Affiliations
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • Intel (Germany) (DE)
  • Robotic Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Intel (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Hwangbo, Jemin
Venue
Science Robotics
Published
2019-01-30
Volume
4
Issue
26
ISSN
2470-9476 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2911087563
Cited by
1,482
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 204 · 2025: 280 · 2024: 218 · 2023: 212 · 2022: 185 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 64
FWCI
50.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science Robotics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • Swiss National Science Foundation (200021-166232)
  • Intel Network on Intelligent Systems
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Robotic Locomotion and Control
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
Keywords
legged robots, quadrupedal locomotion, reinforcement learning, sim-to-real transfer, neural network policy, ANYmal, agile maneuvers, dynamic balancing, energy-efficient locomotion, fall recovery

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review