The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation

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HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation

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Predicting Post-treatment HIV Remission: Does Size of the Viral Reservoir Matter?

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Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth

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Selective decline of intact HIV reservoirs during the first decade of ART followed by stabilization in memory T cell subsets

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Rapid clearance of inducible HIV-1 proviruses after initiation of antiretroviral therapy

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The role of CD101-expressing CD4 T cells in HIV/SIV pathogenesis and persistence

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Subtle Longitudinal Alterations in Env Sequence Potentiate Differences in Sensitivity to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies following Acute HIV-1 Subtype C Infection

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The timing of HIV-1 infection of cells that persist on therapy is not strongly influenced by replication competency or cellular tropism of the provirus

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Primer ID Next-Generation Sequencing for the Analysis of a Broad Spectrum Antiviral Induced Transition Mutations and Errors Rates in a Coronavirus Genome

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Determinants of Retroviral Integration and Implications for Gene Therapeutic MLV—Based Vectors and for a Cure for HIV-1 Infection

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Preferential selection of viral escape mutants by CD8+ T cell ‘sieving’ of SIV reactivation from latency

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Clearance of archived integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance mutations in people with virologically suppressed HIV infection

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BACH2 promotes seeding and establishment of long-lived HIV-1 reservoir in memory CD4+ T cells

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Antiretroviral Therapy Within 2 Years of HIV Acquisition Is Associated With Fewer Viral Blips: A Retrospective Analysis of More Than 20 Years of Data From the US Military HIV Natural History Study

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Intact HIV DNA decays in children with and without complete viral load suppression

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of the Replication-Competent HIV Reservoir in Treated Patients

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HIV/AIDS Curability Study, Different Approaches and Drug Combination

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Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir

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VILOCA: sequencing quality-aware viral haplotype reconstruction and mutation calling for short-read and long-read data

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Simulating within host human immunodeficiency virus 1 genome evolution in the persistent reservoir

Jones, B. R., & Joy, J. B. (2020) · Virus Evolution · doi:10.1093/ve/veaa089 · Cited by 6

Nonlinear mixed-effects models for HIV viral load trajectories before and after antiretroviral therapy interruption, incorporating left censoring

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Reanalysis of Gene Expression Profiles of CD4+ T Cells Treated with HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agents

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Antigen specificities of HIV-infected cells: A role in infection and persistence?

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Progress Note 2024: Curing HIV; Not in My Lifetime or Just Around the Corner?

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Sequence Analysis of Inducible, Replication-Competent Virus Reveals No Evidence of HIV-1 Evolution During Suppressive Antiviral Therapy, Indicating a Lack of Ongoing Viral Replication

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Effective in vivo reactivation of HIV-1 latency reservoir via oral administration of EK-16A-SNEDDS

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Incoming HIV Virion-Derived Gag Spacer Peptide 2 (p1) is a Target of Effective CD8+ T Cell Antiviral Responses

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Comparison of HIV DNA decay and immune recovery between early and chronic HIV‐infected individuals 96 weeks after ART

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OMIP‐087: Thirty‐two parameter mass cytometry panel to assess human CD4 and CD8 T cell activation, memory subsets, and helper subsets

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Revealing viral and cellular dynamics of HIV-1 at the single-cell level during early treatment periods

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SIV Env RhmAbs + N-803 at ART initiation prolongs viral decay without disrupting reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant macaques

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Higher HIV-1 Env gp120-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) Activity Is Associated with Lower Levels of Defective HIV-1 Provirus

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Predictors of intact HIV DNA levels among children in Kenya

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bayroot: Bayesian sampling of HIV-1 integration dates by root-to-tip regression

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Quantifying the clonality and dynamics of the within-host HIV-1 latent reservoir

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HIV-1 Rebound Virus Consists of a Small Number of Lineages That Entered the Reservoir Close to ART InitiationPreprint

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An HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide provides robust post-exposure prophylaxis and prevents viral reservoir seeding in macaques

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Tools to Quantify and Characterize the Persistent Reservoir in People with HIV-1: Focus on Non-B Subtypes

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Dementia incidence and prevalence in older adults with HIV: a 23-year retrospective cohort study

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Inferring Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Proviral Integration Dates With Bayesian Inference

Jones, B. R., & Joy, J. B. (2023) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msad156 · Cited by 3

Current methods for detecting and assessing HIV-1 antibody resistance

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How CD4+ T Cells Transcriptional Profile Is Affected by Culture Conditions: Towards the Design of Optimal In Vitro HIV Reactivation Assays

Pascucci, G. R., Rocchi, F., Pighi, C., Rotili, A., Neri, A., Medri, C., Olivieri, G., Sanna, M., Rasi, G., Persaud, D., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030888 · Cited by 3

Optimizing Antiretroviral Therapy in Heavily ART-Experienced Patients with Multi-Class Resistant HIV-1 Using Proviral DNA Genotypic Resistance Testing

Rauschning, D., Ehren, I., Heger, E., Knops, E., Fätkenheuer, G., Suárez, I., & Lehmann, C. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15071444 · Cited by 3

Quantitative and Qualitative Distinctions between HIV-1 and SIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV-1 Cure-Related Studies

Mudd, J. C. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16040514 · Cited by 3

People Living With HIV Have More Intact HIV DNA in Circulating CD4+ T Cells if They Have History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Juste, M. A. J., Joseph, Y., Lespinasse, D., Apollon, A., Jamshidi, P., Lee, M. H., Ward, M. M., Brill, E., Duffus, Y., Chukwukere, U. K., et al. (2024) · Pathogens and Immunity · doi:10.20411/pai.v9i2.722 · Cited by 3

Defective HIV proviruses: possible involvement in the HIV infection pathogenesis

Mr, B. (2024) · Problems of Virology · doi:10.36233/0507-4088-261 · Cited by 3

Longitudinal changes in the transcriptionally active and intact HIV reservoir after starting ART during acute infection

Janssens, J., Wedrychowski, A., Kim, S. J., Isbell, C., Hoh, R., Pillai, S. K., Henrich, T. J., Deeks, S. G., Roan, N. R., Lee, S. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01431-24 · Cited by 3

SIV proviruses seeded later in infection are harbored in short-lived CD4+ T cells

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HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr possesses a cryptic p300-dependent transcription-promoting activity that is blocked by histone deacetylases in CD4+ T cells

Lewis, C. A., Margolis, D. M., & Browne, E. P. (2025) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013073 · Cited by 2

A New Type of Nonsuppressible Viremia Produced by HIV-Infected Macrophage

Moeser, M., Long, N., Kincer, L. P., Dennis, A. M., Eron, J. J., Wohl, D. A., Farel, C. E., Dittmer, D. P., Pluta, L., Nelson, J., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiag171 · Cited by 2

BCL-2 inhibition at antiretroviral therapy initiation reduces the intact SIV reservoir in macaques

Salinas, T. R. W., Harper, J. L., Deléage, C., Nguyen, K., Auger, J., Flores, H. R., Kaushik, S. R., Wilkes, A. C., Stammen, R. L., Wood, J. S., et al. (2026) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-026-02464-7 · Cited by 2

Dating reservoir formation in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 in Rakai, Uganda

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The persistent pool of HIV-1-infected cells is formed episodically during untreated infection

Tyers, L., Moeser, M., Sondgeroth, A., Spielvogel, E., Richardson, B., Doolabh, D., Zhou, S., Emery, A., Archin, N. M., Shook‐Sa, B. E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00979-24 · Cited by 2

Dynamics of latent HIV under clonal expansion

Murray, J. M. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010165 · Cited by 2

HIV-1 diversity in viral reservoirs obtained from circulating T-cell subsets during early ART and beyond

Zhang, Y., Otte, F., Stoeckle, M. P., Thielen, A., Däumer, M., Kaiser, R., Kusejko, K., Metzner, K. J., Klimkait, T., & Study, A. T. S. H. C. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012526 · Cited by 2

Resist to persist: resistance of the HIV reservoir to immune-mediated clearance

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Prevalence and risk of residual viremia after ART in low- and middle-income countries

Gatechompol, S., Zheng, L., Bao, Y., Avihingsanon, A., Kerr, S. J., Kumarasamy, N., Hakim, J. G., Maldarelli, F. M., Gorelick, R. J., Welker, J. L., et al. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000026817 · Cited by 2

Advances in HIV Eradication Strategies

Mei, Q., Wang, W., Wu, J., & Gao, Y. (2022) · Infectious Microbes & Diseases · doi:10.1097/im9.0000000000000088 · Cited by 2

The role of Nef in the long-term persistence of the replication-competent HIV reservoir in South African women

Ismail, S. D., Sebaa, S., Abrahams, B., Nason, M., Mumby, M. J., Dikeakos, J. D., Joseph, S., Moeser, M., Swanstrom, R. I., Garrett, N., et al. (2025) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00217-25 · Cited by 1

Promotion of HIV clearance by sensitization of HIV reservoirs to cell death

Li, M., Sun, B.-C., Dong, J., Lǐ, J., Minze, L. J., Chen, M., Cheng, C., & Wang, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600741 · Cited by 1

Cell Surface Markers of HIV Latency: Current Insights and Future Directions

Zaongo, S. D., Tang, S., Lu, Y., & Chen, Y.-K. (2025) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.70077 · Cited by 1

Effect of Timing and Duration of ART on the Composition of HIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV Cure Strategies

Salwe, S., & Shete, A. (2026) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-026-00778-z · Cited by 1

Selective elimination of myeloid HIV reservoirs by targeting pro-survival pathways

Li, M., Sun, B., Minze, L. J., Graviss, E. A., Vasquez, M., Zhao, H., Gelman, B. B., Chen, M., & Wang, J. (2026) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106733 · Cited by 1

Multifaceted B cell response to transient HIV viremia in elite controllers

Muir, L., Suchánek, O., Thomas, P., Griffith, S. A., Touizer, E., Rees-Spear, C., Krause, R., Yoshida, M., Pinder, C. L., Patil, R., et al. (2026) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013817 · Cited by 1

CD8ɑ+ cells suppress SIV replication without the development of mutations within MHC class-I-restricted epitopes during post-treatment control

Moriarty, R. V., Harwood, O. E., Johnson, E. P., Gardner, W., Valencia, C. C., Conchas, A., Immonen, T. T., Reynolds, M. R., Keele, B. F., & O’Connor, S. L. (2026) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00041-26 · Cited by 1

Heightened resistance to type 1 interferons characterizes HIV-1 at transmission and following treatment interruption

Borrow, P., & Fenton-May, A. E. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · Cited by 1

Modular Approaches to Understand the Immunobiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Latency

Wolf, G. S., & Singh, N. J. (2021) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2020.0171 · Cited by 1

Oral Cell Cancer: Could Intratumoral Microvessel Density (MVD) Hold the Key to Understanding the Antiangiogenic Effects of Efavirenz

Olatunji, B. I., Olaleye, O., & McNeil, R. T. O. (2025) · World Journal of Medical Oncology · doi:10.52338/wjoncgy.2025.4914 · Cited by 1

Optimal control modulation of HIV reservoir formation rate by antigen infusion

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Bayesian phylogenetic inference of HIV latent lineage ages using serial sequences

Nagel, A. A., & Rannala, B. H. (2023) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2023.0022 · Cited by 1

HIV-1 reservoir inducibility and immune phenotypes after prolonged analytical treatment interruption: a long-term follow-up study

Lungu, C., Hossain, T., Crespo, R., Prins, H. A. B., Hensley, K. S., Rokx, C., Rao, S., van Kampen, J. J. A., van de Vijver, D. A. M. C., Mésplède, T., et al. (2026) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106411 · Cited by 1

Models of increased latent HIV reservoir turnover prior to cART initiation imply novel clearance strategiesPreprint

Jagarapu, A., Mann, R., Piovoso, M. J., & Zurakowski, R. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.06.447292 · Cited by 1

Limited evolution despite years of measurable viremia in a cART-treated seronegative HIV-1 positive individualPreprint

Fryer, H. R., Raghwani, J., Gill, M. J., van Marle, G., Golbchik, T., Grove, J., & Lythgoe, K. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.957274

HIV Populations Shift After Tuberculosis Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Implications For HIV RemissionPreprint

Lange, C., Manion, M. M., Lindo, N., Gorelick, R. J., Ortega‐Villa, A. M., Huik, K., Gonsalves, C., Roby, G. A., Sheikh, V., Cai, C. W., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-105550/v1

Comparative HIV-1 Proviral Dynamics in Two Individuals That Maintained Viral Replication Control with or without Antiretroviral Therapy following Superinfection

de Azevedo, S. S. D., Côrtes, F. H., Villela, L. M., Hoagland, B., Grinsztejn, B. G. J., Veloso, V. G., Morgado, M. G., & Bello, G. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14122802

Deep Sequencing on Proviral DNA: More Questions than Answers

Rial‐Crestelo, D., Pinto-Martínez, A., Navarro‐Soler, R., & Pulido, F. (2023) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000003230

Highlights of the HIV cure session, 19th European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Conference, 18-21 October 2023, Warsaw, Poland

Psomas, C. K., & Loes, S. K. (2023) · Journal of Virus Eradication · doi:10.1016/j.jve.2023.100359

Erratum to: Progress Note 2024: Curing HIV; Not in My Lifetime or Just Around the Corner?

Harper, J., Betts, M. R., Lichterfeld, M. D., Müller-Trutwin, M. C., Margolis, D. M., Bar, K. J., Li, J. Z., McCune, J. M., Lewin, S. R., Kulpa, D. A., et al. (2024) · Pathogens and Immunity · doi:10.20411/pai.v8i2.696

Machine learning approaches identify immunologic signatures of total and intact HIV DNA during long-term antiretroviral therapyPreprint

Semenova, L., Wang, Y., Falcinelli, S. D., Archin, N. M., Volkheimer, A. D., Margolis, D. M., Goonetilleke, N. P., Murdoch, D. M., Rudin, C. D., & Browne, E. P. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94899.1

Effect of HIV-1 subtype C Transactivator of transcription (Tat) A21P variant on TAR binding ability, nuclear levels of active positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and viral latency.

Mkhize, Z. (2023) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · doi:10.29086/10413/23002

Impact of Variable Sampling on Estimates of HIV-1 Reservoir Formation Dates

Kankaka, E. N., Poon, A. F. Y., Quinn, T. C., Chang, L. W., Prodger, J. L., & Redd, A. D. (2024) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae294

The role of Nef in the long-term persistence of the replication-competent HIV reservoir in South African womenPreprint

Ismail, S. D., Sebaa, S., Abrahams, B., Nason, M., Mumby, M. J., Dikeakos, J. D., Joseph, S., Moeser, M., Swanstrom, R. I., Garrett, N., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.01.621615

The frequency of p53 mutations in colorectal cancer patients

Aljhaemi, F., Allelish, A., Emaetig, F., Agoob, M., & Alqawi, O. (2025) · Journal of Cancer and Tumor Research · doi:10.52338/joctr.2025.4896

Journal of Cancer and Tumor Research

(2025) · Journal of Cancer and Tumor Research · doi:10.52338/joctr

Additional file 1 of Single-cell analysis of immune cell transcriptome during HIV-1 infection and therapy

Pollara, J., Khanal, S., Edwards, R. W., Hora, B., Ferrari, G., Haynes, B. F., & Bradley, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251491

Type I IFN reprograms CD4⁺ T cell lipid metabolism as an antiviral effector mechanism during acute HIV/SIV infectionPreprint

Kim, J., Ambikan, A. T., Harrison-Gleason, J., Yerlioglu, K. L., Filipovic, I., Abdelraouf, R. A., Ananías-Sáez, C., Taylor, E. B., Araínga, M., Bose, D., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.12.705596

Factors that contribute to B cell oncogenesis in people living with HIV

Shmakova, A. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1d51b9d6z9a12z41f9z8f98z0c7f955aeb54

The LEDGIN GS-9822 inhibits HIV-2 infection and enhances HIV-2 latency

Bruggemans, A., Vansant, G., Pellaers, E., de Velde, P. V., Christ, F., & Debyser, Z. (2026) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01699-25

Brain viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early‐life immunodeficiency virus infection

Li, M., Blair, R., Liu, Y.-Z., Wang, X., Vincent, E., Yu, C., Doyle‐Meyers, L. A., Zhang, C., Saied, A. A., Le, A., et al. (2026) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.70104

Proportional Hazards Regression for Interval‐Censored Outcomes With an Interval‐Censored Covariate

Li, D., Song, Y., Lu, W., Günthard, H. F., Kouyos, R. D., & Wang, R. (2026) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.70573

Distinct Innate and Adaptive Immune Modules Differentially Associate with HIV Reservoir Size and Decay During Early Antiretroviral Therapy

Li, W.-Z., Huang, H.-H., Wang, H.-F., Li, X., Zhou, M., Yang, Y., Wang, Y.-Y., Zhu, M., Sun, Y., Chen, S.-Y., et al. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15131161

HIV superinfection reveals sequential reservoir reactivation and immune-driven rebound dynamics

Omondi, F. H., Shahid, A., Kinloch, N. N., Dong, W. W. Y., Duncan, M. C., Yaseen, F., Barad, E., Moran-Garcia, N., da Silva, A. C., Mysak, V., et al. (2026) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00473-26

The rebound-initiating viral reservoir (RIVR) in SIV/SHIV infection is dominated by plasma virus sequences present at the time of ART initiation

Pinkevych, M., Docken, S. S., Wu, Y., Schlub, T. E., Harper, J. L., Viox, E. G., Samer, S., Kulpa, D. A., Betts, M. R., Keele, B. F., et al. (2026) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00366-26

Risk factors for low-level viremia and virological failure in HIV patients in southwestern China who transitioned to second-line antiretroviral therapy after failure of first-line treatment: a retrospective cohort study

Nie, Z., Zheng, Y., Yang, L., Ao, S., Long, H., & Li, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1932794

How does the timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation in acute infection affect HIV reservoirs?

Ananworanich, J., Dubé, K., & Chomont, N. (2014) · Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000122 · Cited by 127

Long-Term Antiretroviral Treatment Initiated at Primary HIV-1 Infection Affects the Size, Composition, and Decay Kinetics of the Reservoir of HIV-1-Infected CD4 T Cells

Buzón, M. J., Martín‐Gayo, E., Pereyra, F., Ouyang, Z., Sun, H., Li, J. Z., Piovoso, M. J., Shaw, A., Dalmau, J., Zangger, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01046-14 · Cited by 277

The Effect of Early Treatment on the Latent Reservoir of HIV‐1

Blankson, J. N., Siliciano, J. D., & Siliciano, R. F. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/428783 · Cited by 6

Establishment of latent HIV-1 reservoirs: what do we really know?

Vanhamel, J., Bruggemans, A., & Debyser, Z. (2019) · Journal of Virus Eradication · doi:10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30275-2 · Cited by 125

HIV-1 DNA and the HIV-1 Viral Reservoir

McBride, K. L. (2022) · UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) · doi:10.26190/unsworks/16312