Cited by 291Microbial Metabolism and ApplicationsFermentation and Sensory AnalysisYeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

Metschnikowia Strains Isolated from Botrytized Grapes Antagonize Fungal and Bacterial Growth by Iron Depletion

Open access
Sipiczki, Matthias·2006·Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Abstract

Noble-rotted grapes are colonized by complex microbial populations. I isolated pigment-producing Metschnikowia strains from noble-rotted grapes that had antagonistic activity against filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. A red-maroon pigment was formed from a diffusible colorless precursor released by the cells into the medium. The conversion of the precursor required iron and could occur both in the cells (red colonies) and in the medium (red halos around colonies). The intensity of pigmentation was correlated with the intensity of the antimicrobial activity. Mutants that did not form pigment also lacked antifungal activity. Within the pigmented halos, conidia of the sensitive fungi did not germinate, and their hyphae did not grow and frequently lysed at the tips. Supplementation of the medium with iron reduced the size of the halos and the inhibition zones, while it increased the pigment accumulation by the colonies. The iron-binding agent tropolone had a similar effect, so I hypothesize that pigmented Metschnikowia isolates inhibit the growth of the sensitive microorganisms by pigment formation, which depletes the free iron in the medium. As the pigment is a large nondiffusible complex produced in the presence of both low and high concentrations of ferric ions, the proposed mechanism is different from the mechanisms operating in microbes that release siderophores into the environment for iron acquisition.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/aem.01275-06

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Pulcherrimin, an iron-binding pigment produced by M. pulcherrima, is believed to mediate its antagonistic activity against other fungi.

    “Pulcherrimin, an iron-binding pigment produced by M. pulcherrima, is believed to mediate this antagonistic activity against other fungi [71–74].”
  • Pigmentless M. pulcherrima mutants exhibit reduced antifungal activity, and iron deprivation of the fungal pathogen was suggested as one of several mechanisms by which this yeast antagonises plant pathogenic fungi.

    “Pigmentless M. pulcherrima mutants were shown to exhibit reduced antifungal activity and iron deprivation of the fungal pathogen was suggested as one of several mechanisms by which this yeast antagonises plant pathogenic fungi (Gore-Lloyd et al. 2019; Sipiczki 2006).”

    From Biocontrol yeasts: mechanisms and applications (2019) · cites this paper as Sipiczki 2006

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sipiczki, M.
Affiliations
University of Debrecen (HU)
Corresponding author
Sipiczki, Matthias
Venue
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Published
2006-10
Volume
72
Issue
10
Pages
6716-6724
ISSN
  • 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5336
OpenAlex
W2168624838
Cited by
291
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
FWCI
1.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Nemzeti Kutatási és Technológiai Hivatal
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Keywords
Metschnikowia, Botrytis, microbial antagonism, iron depletion, pigment production, antifungal activity, antibacterial activity, conidial germination inhibition, tropolone, yeast isolates
MeSH terms
Iron Deficiencies, Antibiosis, Bacteria, Saccharomycetales, Molecular Sequence Data, Siderophores, Ecosystem, Botrytis, Vitis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review