Cited by 441Essential Oils and Antimicrobial ActivityAntimicrobial agents and applicationsListeria monocytogenes in Food Safety

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Mechanisms of Bactericidal Action of Cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of Eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei

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Gill, Alexander O., Holley, Richard A.·2004·Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Abstract

The spice oil components eugenol and cinnamaldehyde possess activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but the mechanisms of action remain obscure. In broth media at 20 degrees C, 5 mM eugenol or 30 mM cinnamaldehyde was bactericidal (>1-log reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter in 1 h) to Listeria monocytogenes. At a concentration of 6 mM eugenol was bactericidal to Lactobacillus sakei, but treatment with 0.5 M cinnamaldehyde had no significant effect. To investigate the role of interference with energy generation in the mechanism of action, the cellular and extracellular ATP levels of cells in HEPES buffer at 20 degrees C were measured. Treatment of nonenergized L. monocytogenes with 5 mM eugenol, 40 mM cinnamaldehyde, or 10 microM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) for 5 min prevented an increase in the cellular ATP concentration upon addition of glucose. Treatment of energized L. monocytogenes with 40 mM cinnamaldehyde or 10 microM CCCP caused a rapid decline in cellular ATP levels, but 5 mM eugenol had no effect on cellular ATP. Treatment of L. sakei with 10 mM eugenol prevented ATP generation by nonenergized cells and had no effect on the cellular ATP of energized cells. CCCP at a concentration of 100 microM had no significant effect on the cellular ATP of L. sakei. No significant changes in extracellular ATP were observed. Due to their rapidity, effects on energy generation clearly play a major role in the activity of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde at bactericidal concentrations. The possible mechanisms of inhibition of energy generation are inhibition of glucose uptake or utilization of glucose and effects on membrane permeability.

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Crossref · 10.1128/aem.70.10.5750-5755.2004

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Seeliger, H., and D. Jones. 1986. Genus Listeria, p. 1235-1245. In P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe, and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology vol. 2. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Md.
  2. Shelef, L. A. 1983. Antimicrobial effects of spices. J. Food Saf.6:29-44.

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Metadata

Authors
Gill, A. O., & Holley, R. A.
Affiliations
University of Manitoba (CA)
Venue
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Published
2004-10
Volume
70
Issue
10
Pages
5750-5755
ISSN
  • 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5336
OpenAlex
W2135642891
Cited by
439
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 18
FWCI
9.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antimicrobial agents and applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Keywords
cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, Listeria monocytogenes, Lactobacillus sakei, bactericidal mechanism, intracellular ATP, extracellular ATP, CCCP, glucose uptake, membrane permeability
MeSH terms
Acrolein, Adenosine Triphosphate, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Energy Metabolism, Eugenol, Flavoring Agents, Food Microbiology, Glucose, Lactobacillus, Listeria monocytogenes, Plant Oils

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