The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microbial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection and AIDS
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY: In pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, the translocation of microbial products from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to portal and systemic circulation has been proposed as a major driver of the chronic immune activation that is associated with disease progression. Consistently, microbial translocation is not present in nonpathogenic SIV infections of natural host species. In vivo studies demonstrated that HIV/SIV-associated microbial translocation results from a series of immunopathological events occurring at the GI mucosa: (i) early and severe mucosal CD4 + depletion, (ii) mucosal immune hyperactivation/persistent inflammation; (iii) damage to the integrity of the intestinal epithelium with enterocyte apoptosis and tight junction disruption; and (iv) subverted the gut microbiome, with a predominance of opportunistic bacteria. Direct in situ evidence of microbial translocation has been provided for SIV-infected rhesus macaques showing translocated microbial products in the intestinal lamina propria and distant sites. While the mechanisms by which microbial translocation causes immune activation remain controversial, a key pathogenic event appears to be innate immunity activation via Toll-like receptors and other pathogen recognition receptors. Accumulating clinical observations suggest that microbial translocation might affect HIV disease progression, response to therapy, and non-AIDS comorbidities. Given its detrimental effect on overall immunity, several interventions to prevent/block microbial translocation are currently under investigation as novel therapeutic agents for HIV/AIDS.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Inflammation in atherosclerosis
Libby, P. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01323 · Cited by 8,315
Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection
Brenchley, J. M., Price, D. A., Schacker, T. W., Asher, T. E., Silvestri, G., Rao, S., Kazzaz, Z., Bornstein, E., Lambotte, O., Altmann, D., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1511 · Cited by 3,559
Self-citationLiang, S. C., Tan, X.-Y., Luxenberg, D. P., Karim, R., Dunussi-Joannopoulos, K., Collins, M., & Fouser, L. A. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20061308 · Cited by 2,330
Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5
Vijay-Kumar, M., Aitken, J. D., Carvalho, F. A., Cullender, T. C., Mwangi, S., Srinivasan, S., Sitaraman, S. V., Knight, R., Ley, R. E., & Gewirtz, A. T. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179721 · Cited by 2,068
. Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection.
Sandler, N. G., Wand, H., Roque, A., Law, M., Nason, M. C., Nixon, D. E., Pedersen, C., Ruxrungtham, K., Lewin, S. R., Emery, S., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiq118 · Cited by 1,106
Forsyth, C. B., Shannon, K. M., Kordower, J. H., Voigt, R. M., Shaikh, M., Jaglin, J. A., Estes, J. D., Dodiya, H. B., & Keshavarzian, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028032 · Cited by 974
Guadalupe, M., Reay, E., Sankaran, S., Prindiville, T., Flamm, J., McNeil, A., & Dandekar, S. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.21.11708-11717.2003 · Cited by 866
Association of endotoxemia with carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
Wiedermann, C. J., Kiechl, S., Dunzendorfer, S., Schratzberger, P., Egger, G., Oberhollenzer, F., & Willeit, J. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00448-9 · Cited by 505
Ancuta, P., Kamat, A., Kunstman, K. J., Kim, E.-Y., Autissier, P., Wurcel, A., Zaman, T., Stone, D., Mefford, M., Morgello, S., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002516 · Cited by 499
Microbial Translocation Across the GI Tract
Brenchley, J. M., & Douek, D. C. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075001 · Cited by 496 · cited 1×
“Given its unique properties, it is widely used for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and as a gut-sterilizing treatment prior to abdominal surgery, while contrasting results have been obtained thus far on its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases (100).”
Background
Cited by
The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease
Larsen, J. M. (2017) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12760 · Cited by 1,343
National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2
Jacobson, T. A., Maki, K. C., Orringer, C. E., Jones, P. H., Kris-Etherton, P., Sikand, G., La Forge, R., Daniels, S. R., Wilson, D. P., Morris, P. B., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2015.09.002 · Cited by 784
Monaco, C. L., Gootenberg, D. B., Zhao, G., Handley, S. A., Ghebremichael, M. S., Lim, E. S., Lankowski, A., Baldridge, M. T., Wilen, C. B., Flagg, M., et al. (2016) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.02.011 · Cited by 408
Raiten, D. J., Ashour, F. A. S., Ross, A. C., Meydani, S. N., Dawson, H. D., Stephensen, C. B., Brabin, B. J., Suchdev, P. S., & van Ommen, B. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.194571 · Cited by 234
Endotoxemia—menace, marker, or mistake?
Munford, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ru0316-151r · Cited by 219
“The role of soluble CD14 in limiting LPS signaling may not be limited to its ability to strip LPS from cell surfaces: Gioannini et al. [129] found that it and LBP can also bind LPS in a way that increases LPS deacylation by AOAH.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Marchetti, G., Tincati, C., & Silvestri, G.
- Venue
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-18
- ISSN
- 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6618
- OpenAlex
- W2147024250
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 19.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Microbial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection and AIDS. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/cmr.00050-12
- The paper
- Marchetti, G., Tincati, C., & Silvestri, G. (2013). Microbial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection and AIDS. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00050-12
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
