Cited by 501Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersImmune Response and Inflammation

Microbial Translocation Across the GI Tract

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Brenchley, Jason M., Douek, Daniel C.·2012·Annual Review of Immunology

Abstract

The lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to an enormous quantity of different bacterial species, our microbiota, that thrive in an often symbiotic relationship with the host. Given that the healthy host must regulate contact between the microbiota and its immune system to avoid overwhelming systemic immune activation, humans have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate systemic microbial translocation (MT) and its consequences. However, several diseases are associated with the failure of one or more of these mechanisms, with consequent immune activation and deleterious effects on health. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying MT, diseases associated with MT, and therapeutic interventions that aim to decrease it.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075001

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  • In the absence of infection, endotoxin crosses the mucosal membranes of gut, gums, nose or lungs, the main source being intestinal permeability.

    “However, in the absence of infection, endotoxin still crosses the mucosal membranes of gut, gums, nose or lungs, the main source being intestinal permeability [36, 37].”

    From The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration (2019) · cites this paper as [37]

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  1. [196]Gionchetti P Rizzello F Ferrieri A Venturi A Brignola C 1999 Rifaximin in patients with moderate or severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid-treatment: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Dig Dis Sci 44 1220 21 10389700

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Authors
Brenchley, J. M., & Douek, D. C.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Immunology
Published
2012-04-23
Volume
30
Issue
1
Pages
149-173
ISSN
  • 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3278
OpenAlex
W2146488133
Cited by
496
References
222
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 15
FWCI
2.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Z01AI001029, ZIAAI005034)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
microbial translocation, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, host-microbe interactions, immune activation, systemic inflammation, therapeutic interventions
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Digestive System Diseases, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Probiotics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Metagenome

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