Cited by 1,154Tuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyInfectious Diseases and TuberculosisMycobacterium research and diagnosis

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Molecular Determinants of Virulence

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Smith, Issar·2003·Clinical Microbiology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/cmr.16.3.463-496.2003PMC PMC164219

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the oldest known human diseases. is still is one of the major causes of mortality, since two million people die each year from this malady. TB has many manifestations, affecting bone, the central nervous system, and many other organ systems, but it is primarily a pulmonary disease that is initiated by the deposition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, contained in aerosol droplets, onto lung alveolar surfaces. From this point, the progression of the disease can have several outcomes, determined largely by the response of the host immune system. The efficacy of this response is affected by intrinsic factors such as the genetics of the immune system as well as extrinsic factors, e.g., insults to the immune system and the nutritional and physiological state of the host. In addition, the pathogen may play a role in disease progression since some M. tuberculosis strains are reportedly more virulent than others, as defined by increased transmissibility as well as being associated with higher morbidity and mortality in infected individuals. Despite the widespread use of an attenuated live vaccine and several antibiotics, there is more TB than ever before, requiring new vaccines and drugs and more specific and rapid diagnostics. Researchers are utilizing information obtained from the complete sequence of the M. tuberculosis genome and from new genetic and physiological methods to identify targets in M. tuberculosis that will aid in the development of these sorely needed antitubercular agents.

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See all 1,154

Authors: Smith, I.
Affiliations: International Center for Public Health (US)
Corresponding author: Smith, Issar
Venue: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 463-496
ISSN: 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
1098-6618
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.16.3.463-496.2003
PMC: PMC164219
OpenAlex: W2157638040
Cited by: 1,154
References: 322
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 3.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL 68513, R01HL064544, R01 HL 64544, R01HL068513)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI 48856, R01AI048856)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis pathogenesis, bacterial virulence factors, host immune response, pulmonary tuberculosis, transmissibility, host genetics, host nutritional status, tuberculosis vaccine, tuberculosis drug targets, tuberculosis diagnosis
MeSH terms: Animals, Antitubercular Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Macrophages, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Transcription, Genetic, Tuberculosis, Virulence, Genome, Bacterial, Proteomics

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