The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Extracellular Vesicles from Cryptococcus neoformans Modulate Macrophage Functions
Open accessAbstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and distantly related fungal species release extracellular vesicles that traverse the cell wall and contain a varied assortment of components, some of which have been associated with virulence. Previous studies have suggested that these extracellular vesicles are produced in vitro and during animal infection, but the role of vesicular secretion during the interaction of fungi with host cells remains unknown. In this report, we demonstrate by fluorescence microscopy that mammalian macrophages can incorporate extracellular vesicles produced by C. neoformans . Incubation of cryptococcal vesicles with murine macrophages resulted in increased levels of extracellular tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Vesicle preparations also resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of nitric oxide production by phagocytes, suggesting that vesicle components stimulate macrophages to produce antimicrobial compounds. Treated macrophages were more effective at killing C. neoformans yeast. Our results indicate that the extracellular vesicles of C. neoformans can stimulate macrophage function, apparently activating these phagocytic cells to enhance their antimicrobial activity. These results establish that cryptococcal vesicles are biologically active.
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Self-citationUrease as a Virulence Factor in Experimental Cryptococcosis
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Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials – an ISEV position paper
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Exosomes: immune properties and potential clinical implementations
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Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box
Kronstad, J. W., Attarian, R., Cadieux, B., Choi, J., D'Souza, C. A., Griffiths, E. J., Geddes, J. M. H., Hu, G., Jung, W. H., Kretschmer, M., et al. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2522 · Cited by 340
Fungal Melanin: What do We Know About Structure?
Nosanchuk, J. D., Stark, R. E., & Casadevall, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01463 · Cited by 310
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Metadata
- Authors
- Oliveira, D. L., Freire-de-Lima, C. G., Nosanchuk, J. D., Casadevall, A., Rodrigues, M. L., & Nimrichter, L.
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1601-1609
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- OpenAlex
- W2136120771
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 79
- FWCI
- 8.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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