Accelerated Prion Replication in, but Prolonged Survival Times of, Prion-Infected CXCR3−/−Mice
Open accessAbstract
Prion diseases have a significant inflammatory component. Glia activation, which is associated with increased production of cytokines and chemokines, may play an important role in disease development. Among the chemokines upregulated highly and early upregulated during scrapie infections are ligands of CXCR3. To gain more insight into the role of CXCR3 in a prion model, CXCR3-deficient (CXCR3−/−) mice were infected intracerebrally with scrapie strain 139A and characterized in comparison to similarly infected wild-type controls. CXCR3−/−mice showed significantly prolonged survival times of up to 30 days on average. Surprisingly, however, they displayed accelerated accumulation of misfolded proteinase K-resistant prion protein PrP Sc and 20 times higher infectious prion titers than wild-type mice at the asymptomatic stage of the disease, indicating that these PrP isoforms may not be critical determinants of survival times. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and gene expression analysis, CXCR3-deficient animals develop an excessive astrocytosis. However, microglia activation is reduced. Quantitative analysis of gliosis-associated gene expression alterations demonstrated reduced mRNA levels for a number of proinflammatory factors in CXCR3−/−compared to wild-type mice, indicating a weaker inflammatory response in the knockout mice. Taken together, this murine prion model identifies CXCR3 as disease-modifying host factor and indicates that inflammatory glial responses may act in concert with PrP Sc in disease development. Moreover, the results indicate that targeting CXCR3 for treatment of prion infections could prolong survival times, but the results also raise the concern that impairment of microglial migration by ablation or inhibition of CXCR3 could result in increased accumulation of misfolded PrP Sc.
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CXCR3 knockout mice develop excessive astrocytosis.
“Moreover, these mice developed excessive astrocytosis.”
From Loss of Homeostatic Microglia Signature in Prion Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
Knockout of CXCR3 leads to accelerated PrPSc accumulation and increased prion infectivity titers, but prolonged survival in the mouse model.
“In line with the proposed capacity of microglia to phagocytose PrPSc, the knockout of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) led to accelerated PrPSc accumulation and increased prion infectivity titers, but prolonged survival in the mouse model [76].”
From Loss of Homeostatic Microglia Signature in Prion Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
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“In line with the proposed capacity of microglia to phagocytose PrPSc, the knockout of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) led to accelerated PrPSc accumulation and increased prion infectivity titers, but prolonged survival in the mouse model [76].”
Background
- Authors
- Riemer, C., Schultz, J., Burwinkel, M., Schwarz, A., Mok, S. W. F., Gültner, S., Bamme, T., Norley, S., van Landeghem, F., Lu, B., Gerard, C., & Baier, M.
- Affiliations
- Robert Koch Institute (DE)
- Project Neurodegenerative Diseases, Robert-Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2008-12-15
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 12464-12471
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC2593330
- OpenAlex
- W1975349024
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (LSHB-CT-2006-019090)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- prion disease, scrapie, CXCR3, chemokines, prion replication, survival time, astrocyte activation, microglial activation, glial inflammation, prion protein, pro-inflammatory gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Gliosis, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Survival Rate, Prion Diseases, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Receptors, CXCR3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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