The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Latency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: No Easy Answers
Open accessAbstract
In summary, HIV-1 latency represents a formidable therapeutic challenge for which there are no easy answers. As a result of viral tropism for activated CD4+ T cells and the reversion of some of these cells to a profoundly quiescent and long-lived memory state, the virus can persist through the same mechanisms responsible for the most fundamental characteristic of the immune system, immunologic memory. The dependence of viral gene expression on host factors that are inactive in resting T cells means that viral gene expression can be largely or completely extinguished in latently infected cells. In the absence of virus gene expression, latently infected cells will differ from their uninfected counterparts by only the presence of 10 kb of viral DNA integrated into a host cell chromosome. In this case, the virus is persisting as genetic information in a stably integrated form in rare memory cells that cannot be distinguished from their uninfected counterparts. It is difficult to envision any targeting mechanism that will allow specific elimination of this reservoir. Optimism stems from the fact that antiretroviral drugs come very close to stopping the active replication of the virus, with its attendant damage to the immune system. In some patients on HAART, the evolution of drug-resistant viruses, which is the principal cause of treatment failure, is largely halted. The development of nontoxic, convenient, and affordable combinations of antiretroviral drugs may allow infected individuals to live a normal life despite the indefinite persistence of latent HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells.
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Citations
Cites
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“in mouse tissues (46), it is possible that latently infected cells are broadly distributed in nonlymphoid organs as well.”
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Cited by
Cellular microRNAs contribute to HIV-1 latency in resting primary CD4+ T lymphocytes
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Rapid seeding of the viral reservoir prior to SIV viraemia in rhesus monkeys
Whitney, J. B., Hill, A. L., Sanisetty, S., Penaloza-MacMaster, P., Liu, J., Shetty, M., Parenteau, L., Cabral, C., Shields, J., Blackmore, S., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13594 · Cited by 629
Perils at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts
Haase, A. T. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1706 · Cited by 440
Transmission, acute HIV-1 infection and the quest for strategies to prevent infection
Pope, M., & Haase, A. T. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0703-847 · Cited by 355
Induction of HIV-1 latency and reactivation in primary memory CD4+ T cells
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Metadata
- Authors
- Persaud, D., Zhou, Y., Siliciano, J. M., & Siliciano, R. F.
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1659-1665
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- OpenAlex
- W2143726534
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Persaud, D., Zhou, Y., Siliciano, J. M., & Siliciano, R. F. (2003). Latency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: No Easy Answers. Journal of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.3.1659-1665.2003
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
