The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
S Protein-Reactive IgG and Memory B Cell Production after Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection Includes Broad Reactivity to the S2 Subunit
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The recent rapid worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has established a pandemic of potentially serious disease in the highly susceptible human population. Key issues are whether humans have preexisting immune memory that provides some protection against SARS-CoV-2 and whether SARS-CoV-2 infection generates lasting immune protection against reinfection. Our analysis focused on pre- and postinfection IgG and IgG memory B cells (MBCs) reactive to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Most importantly, we demonstrate that infection generates both IgG and IgG MBCs against the novel receptor binding domain and the conserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Thus, even if antibody levels wane, long-lived MBCs remain to mediate rapid antibody production. Our study results also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection strengthens preexisting broad coronavirus protection through S2-reactive antibody and MBC formation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike is more conserved with other coronaviruses”
From mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“The data also indicate that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses generally develop from naive B cells, not from pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells (Anderson et al., 2020; Ng et al., 2020; Nguyen-Contant et al., 2020; Shrock et al., 2020; Song et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Nguyen-Contant et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019
Wölfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M. A., Niemeyer, D., Jones, T. C., Vollmar, P., Rothe, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x · Cited by 6,661
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19
Long, Q.-X., Liu, B.-Z., Deng, H.-J., Wu, G.-C., Deng, K., Chen, Y.-K., Liao, P., Qiu, J.-F., Lin, Y., Cai, X.-F., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1 · Cited by 2,876
Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Li, Q., Deng, H.-J., Yuan, J., Hu, J.-L., Xu, W., Zhang, Y., Lv, F.-J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6 · Cited by 2,686
Characterization of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Rota, P. A., Oberste, M. S., Monroe, S. S., Nix, W. A., Campagnoli, R. P., Icenogle, J. P., Peñaranda, S., Bankamp, B., Maher, K., Chen, M., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1085952 · Cited by 2,477
Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China
Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X. L., Wang, X., Niu, P., Meng, J., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001 · Cited by 2,386
Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent Individuals
Robbiani, D. F., Gaebler, C., Muecksch, F., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Barnes, C. O., Gazumyan, A., Finkin, S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9 · Cited by 1,853
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Arunkumar, G. A., Jurczyszak, D., Polanco, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5 · Cited by 1,769
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 204
Garrido, J. L. V., Medina, M. A., Bravo, F., McGee, S., Fuentes‐Villalobos, F., Calvo, M. A., Pinos, Y., Bowman, J. W., Bahl, C. D., Barría, M. I., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110904 · Cited by 13
Bellusci, L., Grubbs, G., Sait, S., Yonker, L. M., Randolph, A. G., Novak, T., Kobayashi, T., Overcoming COVID−19 Investigators, & Khurana, S. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43152-y · Cited by 12
Deakin, C. T., Cornish, G. H., Ng, K. W., Faulkner, N., Bolland, W., Hope, J., Rosa, A., Harvey, R., Hussain, S., Earl, C. P., et al. (2021) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2021.08.001 · Cited by 12
Zedan, H. T., & Nasrallah, G. K. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103580 · Cited by 12
Human neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 prevention and immunotherapy
Zhou, D., Zhou, R., & Chen, Z. (2021) · Immunotherapy Advances · doi:10.1093/immadv/ltab027 · Cited by 12
Wang, J., Young, B. E., Li, D., Seppo, A., Zhou, Q., Wiltse, A., Nowak-Wegrzyn, A. H., Murphy, K., Widrick, K., Diaz, N., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10060980 · Cited by 12
Kobayashi, K., Tachibana, M., & Tsutsumi, Y. (2021) · Innate Immunity · doi:10.1177/17534259211043159 · Cited by 11
Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of protective humoral immunity against COVID-19Preprint
Kapłonek, P., Wang, C., Bartsch, Y. C., Fischinger, S., Gorman, M. J., Bowman, K. A., Kang, J., Dayal, D., Martin, P., Nowak, R. P., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.11.443609 · Cited by 12
Cross-protective HCoV immunity reduces symptom development during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Abela, I. A., Schwarzmüller, M., Ulytė, A., Radtke, T., Haile, S. R., Ammann, P., Raineri, A., Rueegg, S., Epp, S., Berger, C., et al. (2024) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02722-23 · Cited by 10
Lauro, R., Irrera, N., Eid, A. H., & Bitto, A. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10040476 · Cited by 12
Guardia, C. D. L., Rangel, G. A., Villarreal, A. E., Goodridge, A., Fernández, P. L., & Lleonart, R. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257351 · Cited by 12
Seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: effects of preexisting immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Wang, G., Xiang, Z., Wang, W., & Chen, Z. (2022) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b2200049 · Cited by 12
Sewall, L. M., Rocha, R. D. P. F., Gibson, G., Louie, M., Xie, Z., Bangaru, S., Tran, A. S., Ozorowski, G., Mohanty, S., Beutler, N., et al. (2025) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01411-x · Cited by 11
No substantial preexisting B cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adults
Ercanoglu, M. S., Gieselmann, L., Dähling, S., Poopalasingam, N., Detmer, S., Koch, M., Korenkov, M., Halwe, S., Klüver, M., Cristanziano, V. D., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103951 · Cited by 9
Acharjee, A., Ray, A., Salkar, A., Bihani, S., Tuckley, C., Shastri, J. S., Agrawal, S. R., Duttagupta, S. P., & Srivastava, S. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15010248 · Cited by 10
Bisceglia, H., Barrier, J., Ruiz, J., & Pagnon, A. (2023) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2023.113457 · Cited by 8
Traoré, A., Guindo, M. A., Konate, D. S., Traoré, B., Diakité, S. A. S., Kanté, S., Dembélé, A., Cissé, A., Incandela, N. C., Kodio, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.856033 · Cited by 10
Domènech-Montoliu, S., Puig‐Barberà, J., Pac-Sa, M. R., Vidal-Utrillas, P., Latorre-Poveda, M., Rio-González, A. D., Ferrando-Rubert, S., Ferrer-Abad, G., Sanchéz-Urbano, M., Aparisi-Esteve, L., et al. (2021) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid1010006 · Cited by 8
Lee, J., Lee, D., Jung, J. H., Ryu, J. H., Shin, S., Cho, S., Lee, R., & Oh, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038712 · Cited by 9
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in a series of convalescent plasma and blood donors
Martín, M. C., Jimenez, A., Ortega, N., Parrado, A., Page, I., Gonzalez, M., & Blanco-Peris, L. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264124 · Cited by 9
Nückel, J., Planatscher, E., Mohr, A., Deichl, K., Mijočević, H., Feuerherd, M., Wolff, L. S., Erber, J., Schneider, J., Quante, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.889836 · Cited by 9
Coronavirus Antibody Responses before COVID-19 Pandemic, Africa and Thailand
Li, Y., Merbah, M., Wollen-Roberts, S. E., Beckman, B., Mdluli, T., Swafford, I., Mayer, S. V., King, J., Corbitt, C., Currier, J. R., et al. (2022) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2811.221041 · Cited by 9
Kolehmainen, P., Huttunen, M., Iakubovskaia, A., Maljanen, S., Tauriainen, S., Yatkin, E., Pasternack, A. H., Naves, R. A., Toivonen, L., Tähtinen, P. A., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35471-3 · Cited by 12
Li, X., Zhang, Y., He, L., Si, J., Qiu, S., He, Y., Wei, J., Wang, Z., Xie, L., Li, Y., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.66369 · Cited by 8
Cervantes‐Torres, J. B., Cabello-Gutiérrez, C., Ayón‐Núñez, D. A., Soldevila, G., Olguín‐Alor, R., Díaz, G., Acero, G., Segura‐Velázquez, R. A., Huerta, L., Gracia‐Mora, I., et al. (2024) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-023-12927-0 · Cited by 7
Teng, S., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Tang, Y., Wu, Q., Zheng, X., Lü, R., Pan, D., Liu, F., Xie, T., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355949 · Cited by 8
Jayathilaka, D., Jeewandara, C., Gomes, L., Jayadas, T. T. P., Kamaladasa, A., Somathilake, G., Guruge, D., Pushpakumara, P. D., Ranasinghe, T., Aberathna, I. S., et al. (2022) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1093/cei/uxac009 · Cited by 9
A comparative study of the COVID-19 vaccine efficacy among cancer patients: mRNA versus non-mRNA
Rachman, A., Iriani, A., Sukrisman, L., Rajabto, W., Mulansari, N. A., Lubis, A. M., Cahyanur, R., Prasetyawaty, F., Priantono, D., Rumondor, B. B., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281907 · Cited by 8
Ismail, A. A. (2021) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/0004563221992390 · Cited by 6
Binding and neutralizing abilities of antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 S2 domain
Gao, X., Fan, L., Zheng, B., Li, H., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Li, J., & Zhu, F. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2055373 · Cited by 8
Zhu, L., Mao, N., Yi, C., Simayi, A., Feng, J., Feng, Y., He, M. Y., Ding, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2146535 · Cited by 7
Bhattacharjee, B., Ikbal, A. M. A., Farooqui, A., Sahu, R. K., Ruhi, S., Syed, A., Miatmoko, A., Khan, D., & Khan, J. (2023) · Chemical Papers · doi:10.1007/s11696-023-02795-3 · Cited by 7
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing: Where Are We Now?
Smerczak, E. (2021) · Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/labmed/lmab061 · Cited by 8
A serological investigation in Southern Italy: was SARS-CoV-2 circulating in late 2019?
Trombetta, C. M., Marchi, S., Viviani, S., Manenti, A., Casa, E., Dapporto, F., Remarque, E. J., Bollati, V., Manini, I., Lazzeri, G., et al. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2047582 · Cited by 8
Trancossi, M., Pascoa, J. C., & Sharma, S. (2021) · Thermal Science · doi:10.2298/tsci210614215t · Cited by 7
Impact of cross-coronavirus immunity in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19Preprint
Herman, J. D., Atyeo, C. G., Zur, Y., Cook, C., Patel, N. J., Vanni, K. M. M., Kowalski, E. N., Qian, G., Shadick, N. A., Laffenburger, D., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.25.22280335 · Cited by 7
Toapanta, F. R., Hu, J., Meron-Sudai, S., Mulard, L. A., Phalipon, A., Cohen, D., & Sztein, M. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291664 · Cited by 6
Mutsaerts, E. A. M. L., van Cranenbroek, B., Madhi, S. A., Simonetti, E., Arns, A. J., Jose, L., Koen, A. L., van Herwaarden, A. E., de Jonge, M. I., & Verhagen, L. M. (2024) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.034 · Cited by 6
Ardıçlı, Ö., Çarlı, K. T., Satitsuksanoa, P., Dreher, A., Cusini, A., Hutter, S., Mirer, D., Rückert, B., Jónsdóttir, H. R., Weber, B., et al. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15441 · Cited by 6
Passive Immunity Should and Will Work for COVID-19 for Some Patients
Cimolai, N. (2021) · Clinical Hematology International · doi:10.2991/chi.k.210328.001 · Cited by 7
García-Jiménez, Á. F., Cáceres-Martell, Y., Fernández‐Soto, D., Martínez‐Fleta, P., Casasnovas, J. M., Sánchez‐Madrid, F., Frade, J. M. R., Valés‐Gómez, M., & Reyburn, H. T. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4covcra0721-356rrr · Cited by 6
Multi-site observational maternal and infant COVID-19 vaccine study (MOMI-vax): a study protocol
Muñoz, F. M., Beigi, R. H., Posavad, C. M., Richardson, B. A., Chu, H. Y., Bok, K., Campbell, J. D., Cardemil, C. V., DeFranco, E., Frenck, R. W., et al. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04500-w · Cited by 6
Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y., Jeon, S., Park, U., Kang, J.-I., Jeon, K., Kim, H. R., Oh, S., Rhee, J.-Y., Choi, J., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk6425 · Cited by 6
Assessment of the cellular immunity response to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Lobov, A. V., Ivanova, P. I., Pogodina, E. A., Kazey, V. I., Maksimova, E. D., & Shubina, I. Z. (2021) · Russian Journal of Biotherapy · doi:10.17650/1726-9784-2021-20-4-10-17 · Cited by 5
Dhawan, M. K., Thakur, N., Sharma, M. K., & Rabaan, A. A. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117936 · Cited by 5
Adaptation of the Vaccine Prophylaxis Strategy to Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Gulova, S. M., Veselkina, U. S., & Astrakhantseva, I. V. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13070761 · Cited by 6
Chen, L., Pang, P., Qi, H., Yan, K., Ren, Y., Ma, M., Cao, R., Li, H., Hu, C., Li, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.770982 · Cited by 5
Moura, A., da Costa, H. H. M., Correa, V. A., Lima, A. K. S., Lindoso, J. Â. L., Gaspari, E. D., Hong, M. A., Cunha-Junior, J. P., & Prudêncio, C. R. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-131195/v1 · Cited by 5
Adami, F. L., de Castro, M. V., Almeida, B. D. S., Daher, I. P., Yamamoto, M. M., Santos, K. S., Zatz, M., Naslavsky, M. S., Rosa, D. S., Cunha‐Neto, E., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396603 · Cited by 4
Weskamm, L. M., Tarnow, P., Harms, C., Huchon, M., Raadsen, M. P., Friedrich, M., Rübenacker, L., Grüttner, C., García, M. G., Koch, T., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110470 · Cited by 4
Tan, P., Shen, S., Zheng, Y., Tang, Y., Luo, Y., Zhang, Z., Men, D., & Duan, G. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202407709 · Cited by 4
Systemic and mucosal immune signatures of protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission in humans
Rojo-Fernandez, A., Aslam, S., Alam, F., Escalera, A., Villamandos, V., Caton, B., Megías, G., Gonzalez, A., Buzón, L., Ayllón, J., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102505 · Cited by 5
Stanley, A. M., Aksyuk, A. A., Wilkins, D. E., Green, J. A., Lan, D., Shoemaker, K., Tieu, H., Sobieszczyk, M. E., Falsey, A. R., & Kelly, E. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401728 · Cited by 4
Zhang, T., Yang, D., Tang, L., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2024.13272 · Cited by 5
Germanó, M. J., Giai, C., Cargnelutti, D. E., Colombo, M. I., Blanco, S., Konigheim, B. S., Spinsanti, L., Aguilar, J., Gallego, S. V., Valdez, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28584 · Cited by 5
Ahmed, N., Athavale, A., Tripathi, A. H., Subramaniam, A., Upadhyay, S. K., Pandey, A. K., Rai, R. C., & Awasthi, A. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.13345 · Cited by 4
Zerfu, T. A., & Tareke, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.03057 · Cited by 4
Jeewandara, C., Guruge, D., Pushpakumara, P. D., Kamaladasa, A., Aberathna, I. S., Ramu, S. T., Gunasekera, B., Wijesinghe, A., Dissanayake, O., Kuruppu, H., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100762 · Cited by 4
Embong, A. K., Nguyen, P. Q. T., Wang, J., Kanagaiah, P., Chaves, F. A., Fitzgerald, T. F., Zhou, Q., Kosoy, G., Branche, A. R., Miller, B. L., et al. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11020186 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPaniskaki, K., Anft, M., Thieme, C. J., Skrzypczyk, S., Konik, M., Dolff, S., Westhoff, T. H., Nienen, M., Stittrich, A., Stervbo, U., et al. (2022) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.02.016 · Cited by 4
Ert, H. A. V., Bohan, D., Rogers, K. J., Fili, M., Chávez, R. A. R., Qing, E., Han, C., Dempewolf, S., Hu, G., Schwery, N., et al. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02676-21 · Cited by 3
Shamabadi, N. S., Bagasra, A. B., Pawar, S., & Bagasra, O. (2023) · Libyan Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1080/19932820.2023.2209949 · Cited by 3
Humoral cross-coronavirus responses against the S2 region in children with Kawasaki disease
Monteiro, A., Chang, A. J., Welliver, R. R., Baron, S. W., & Hicar, M. D. (2022) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.010 · Cited by 3
Refocus on Immunogenic Characteristics of Convalescent COVID-19 Challenged by Prototype SARS-CoV-2
Huang, X., Liang, C., Li, M., Chen, H., Li, Z., Ruan, Q., Hu, X., Zeng, L., Lin, H., Zhao, W., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010123 · Cited by 4
Update to COVID-19 serologic testing : FAQs and caveats
Kadkhoda, K. (2022) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.87a.20054-up · Cited by 3
COVID-19 and the Unraveling of Experimental Medicine - Part II
Thorp, K. E., & Thorp, J. A. (2022) · The Gazette of Medical Sciences · doi:10.46766/thegms.pubheal.22022804 · Cited by 3
Antiviral Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Protective to Deleterious Responses
Mihăescu, G., Chifiriuc, M. C., Vrâncianu, C. O., Constantin, M., Filip, R., Popescu, M. R., Burlibaşa, L., Nicoară, A. C., Bolocan, A., Iliescu, C., et al. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122578 · Cited by 3
Curtis, N. C., Shin, S., Hederman, A. P., Connor, R. I., Wieland‐Alter, W., Ionov, S., Boylston, J. A., Rose, J., Sakharkar, M., Dorman, D. B., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556349 · Cited by 4
SERS Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Proteins and IgG Antibodies Using Metallic H ‐type Nano‐Apertures
Gao, Y., Jiang, Z., Ioannou, N. K., & Kotsifaki, D. G. (2025) · Advanced Physics Research · doi:10.1002/apxr.202500143 · Cited by 2
Cortés-Sarabia, K., Guzman-Silva, V., Martinez-Pacheco, K. M., Meza-Hernández, J. A., Luna-Pineda, V. M., Leyva‐Vázquez, M. A., Vences-Velázquez, A., Beltrán‐Anaya, F. O., Moral-Hernández, Ó. D., & Illades‐Aguiar, B. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15040966 · Cited by 2
Author response: Cross-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Grobben, M., van der Straten, K., Brouwer, P. J. M., Brinkkemper, M., Maisonnasse, P., Dereuddre‐Bosquet, N., Appelman, B., Lavell, A. A., van Vught, L. A., Burger, J. A., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.70330.sa2 · Cited by 2
Immunology of coronavirus disease 2019 raises more questions than answers
Nasr, A. (2021) · Saudi Journal for Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_168_20 · Cited by 1
Vaikath, N. N., Al‐Nesf, M. A., Majbour, N. K., Abdesselem, H., Gupta, V., Bensmail, I., Abdi, I. Y., Elmagarmid, K. A., Shabani, S., Sudhakaran, I. P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102744 · Cited by 1
Teng, O., Quek, A. M. L., Ooi, D. S. Q., Wang, S., Fragata, L., Ng, I. X. Q., Cui, J., Chen, J., Hartman, M., Hutchinson, P. E., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108024 · Cited by 1
Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses
Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Chen, T., Lai, J., Liu, S., Liu, X., Zhu, Y., Rao, H., Peng, H., & Ma, X. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13111168 · Cited by 2
Bozhkova, M., Kalfova, T., Petrov, S., Velyanova, T., Taskov, H. B., Nikolova, M. H., & Murdjeva, M. (2023) · PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.58395/wc1f1t22 · Cited by 1
Tworek, A., Rydzewski, A., Rydzewska, G. M., Głuszek–Osuch, M., & Lewandowski, K. (2023) · Medical Studies · doi:10.5114/ms.2023.131679 · Cited by 2
Klose, A. M., Kosoy, G., & Miller, B. L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277846 · Cited by 2
Williams, J. A., Biancucci, M., Lessen, L. N., Tian, S., Balsaraf, A., Chen, L., Chesterman, C. C., Maruggi, G., Vandepaer, S., Huang, Y., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.29.518231 · Cited by 1
Petersen, E., Lucey, D. R., Blumberg, L. H., Kramer, L. D., Al-Abri, S., Lee, S. S., Pinto, T. C. A., Obiero, C. W., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Yapi, R. B., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.076
Garrido, J. L., Medina, M. A., Bravo, F., McGee, S., Fuentes, F., Calvo, M., Bowman, J., Bahl, C., Barria, M. I., Brachman, R. A., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.14.460338
TIPICO XI: report of the first series and podcast on infectious diseases and vaccines (aTIPICO)
Martinón‐Torres, F., García‐Sastre, A., Pollard, A. J., Martı́n, C., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Ladhani, S. N., Ramilo, O., Rial, J. G., Salas, A., Bosch, F. X., et al. (2021) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1953351
COVID-19 Vaccines Confer a Prophylactic Effect on Common Cold
Otieno, F. O., & Walekhwa, M. N. (2021) · Kabarak journal of research and innovation. · doi:10.58216/kjri.v11i3.76
Review 2: "Durable SARS-CoV-2 B cell immunity after mild or severe disease"
Sangster, M. Y. (2021) · doi:10.1162/2e3983f5.40346d73
Self-citationSeric IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 pre- and post- Covid-19 pandemic from Mexican asymptomatic subjects
Aguirre‐Cruz, L., Guzmán-García, M., Acosta, I., de la Cruz-Aguilera, D. L., Landero-Isidro, I., Pérez-González, J. P., Chávez-Duarte, J., & Leyva-Rendón, A. (2022) · Salud Pública de México · doi:10.21149/12930
Paramita, S., Khotimah, S., Marwan, M., Isnuwardana, R., Fitriany, E., & Nufus, A. Z. S. Z. (2022) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9957
Imunomodulação da expressão de PD-1 em monócitos e linfócitos T e B na infecção por SARS-CoV-2
Beserra, D. R. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2022.tde-16022023-122405
Spectrum of Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Covid-19
Chaudari, Z. K., Muhammad, Y., Sarfraz, M., Butt, M. T., Jadoon, M., & Shoukat, S. (2023) · Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences · doi:10.53350/pjmhs2023172452
Emerging Pandemic Infectious Disease Threats
Corry, D. B., Hotez, P. J., Bottazzi, M. E., Weatherhead, J. E., Maresso, A. W., Heckmann, E., & Bimler, L. H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-8165-1.00031-9
Tarazona, E. D. L. T., Jiménez, D., Marcos-Mencía, D., Mendieta-Baro, A., Rivera-Delgado, A., Romero‐Hernández, B., Muriel, A., Rodríguez-Domínguez, M., Villar, S. S., & Moreno, S. (2023) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres14030093
Wu, C.-Y., Tseng, Y.-C., Kao, S.-E., Wu, L., Hou, J.-T., Yang, Y., Hsiao, P., & Chen, J.-R. (2023) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105759
B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2
Zaidi, A. K., Bajpai, S., & Dehgani‐Mobaraki, P. (2023) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.006
Prevalência e reatividade cruzada entre SARS-CoV-2 e HCoVs endêmicos
Lima, A. C. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2023.tde-07122023-181214
Post-vaccinal reactions following vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine after first and second dose
Stoeva, V., Rosen, M., Pencheva, B., & Antoineta, M. (2024) · Journal of Vaccines and Immunology · doi:10.17352/jvi.000060
Dasari, H., Bourassa, C., Renaud, C., Tremblay, C. L., & Ducharme, F. M. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03350-24
Tanunliong, G., Condin, C., Márquez, A. C., Li, S., Binning, N., Gibson, M., Griffiths, B., Wright, A. J., Money, D., Krajden, M., et al. (2025) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid5080123
Richards, K. A., Mettelman, R. C., Trombley, K., Eismann, M., Allen, E. K., Scott, Z. B., Joachimiak, A., Schultz‐Cherry, S., Chaves, F. A., Thomas, P. G., et al. (2026) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00449-26
Self-citationTanunliong, G., Márquez, A. C., Sbihi, H., Pidduck, T., Chang, Y. X., Li, F. F., Luk, D., Forward, L., McClymont, E., Elwood, C. N., et al. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02167-25
Muñoz, F. M., Beigi, R. H., Posavad, C. M., Richardson, B. A., Chu, H. Y., Bok, K., Campbell, J., Cardemil, C. V., DeFranco, E., Frenck, R. W., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19759322
Muñoz, F. M., Beigi, R. H., Posavad, C. M., Richardson, B. A., Chu, H. Y., Bok, K., Campbell, J., Cardemil, C. V., DeFranco, E., Frenck, R. W., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19759316
Metadata
- Authors
- Nguyen-Contant, P., Embong, A. K., Kanagaiah, P., Chaves, F. A., Yang, H., Branche, A. R., Topham, D. J., & Sangster, M. Y.
- Affiliations
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sangster, Mark Y.
- ORCID
- Venue
- mBio
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2020-10-27
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 2150-7511 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-2129
- PMC
- PMC7520599
- OpenAlex
- W3087903445
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- mBio (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400005C)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, S protein, S2 subunit, receptor binding domain, memory B cells, IgG, antibody response, pre-existing immunity, reinfection, cross-reactive antibodies, coronavirus
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, B-Lymphocytes, Convalescence, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunologic Memory, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Nucleocapsid Proteins, Protein Subunits, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Pandemics, Healthy Volunteers, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review