The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Investigating Colonization of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal Tract by Fungi
Open accessAbstract
We sought to identify the fungi that colonize healthy GI tracts and that have a sustained influence on the diverse functions of the gut microbiome. Instead, we found that all fungi in the stool of healthy volunteers could be explained by their presence in oral and dietary sources and that our results, together with those from other analyses, support the model that there is little or no gastrointestinal colonization by fungi. This may be due to Westernization, primate evolution, fungal ecology, and/or the strong defenses of a healthy immune system. Importantly, fungal colonization of the GI tract may often be indicative of disease. As fungi can cause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and are found at increased abundance in multiple disorders of the GI tract, understanding normal fungal colonization is essential for proper treatment and prevention of fungal pathogenesis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., Ling, A. V., Devlin, A. S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M. A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12820 · Cited by 10,100
Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815
Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body
Sender, R., Fuchs, S., & Milo, R. (2016) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533 · Cited by 5,425
Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation
Browne, H. P., Forster, S. C., Anonye, B. O., Kumar, N., Neville, B. A., Stares, M. D., Goulding, D., & Lawley, T. D. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17645 · Cited by 1,299
Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in healthy individuals
Ghannoum, M. A., Jurevic, R. J., Mukherjee, P. K., Cui, F., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., & Gillevet, P. M. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000713 · Cited by 1,150 · cited 1×
“albicans is common in the oral cavity (15) and contributes to the formation of dental plaque and the development of caries (28), we wanted to assess the contribution of C.”
BackgroundBiogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin metagenome
Program, N. C. S., Oh, J., Byrd, A. L., Deming, C., Conlan, S., Kong, H. H., & Segre, J. A. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13786 · Cited by 1,148
Interactions between commensal fungi and the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 influence colitis
Iliev, I. D., Funari, V. A., Taylor, K. D., Nguyen, Q., Reyes, C. N., Strom, S. P., Brown, J., Becker, C. A., Fleshner, P. R., Dubinsky, M., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1221789 · Cited by 1,073
Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease
Nobile, C. J., & Johnson, A. D. (2015) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104330 · Cited by 1,057
Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives T H 1 cell induction and inflammation
Atarashi, K., Suda, W., Luo, C., Kawaguchi, T., Motoo, I., Narushima, S., Kiguchi, Y., Yasuma, K., Watanabe, E., Tanoue, T., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan4526 · Cited by 957
Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales
David, L. A., Materna, A. C., Friedman, J., Campos-Baptista, M. I., Blackburn, M. C., Perrotta, A., Erdman, S. E., & Alm, E. J. (2014) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2014-15-7-r89 · Cited by 950 · cited 1×
“levels in the GI tract (30), there was no evidence that that was the situation for any fungi”
Background
Cited by
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Microbiota in health and diseases
Hou, K., Wu, Z.-X., Chen, X.-Y., Wang, J.-Q., Zhang, D., Xiao, C., Zhu, D., Koya, J. B., Wei, L., Li, J., et al. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4 · Cited by 3,171
How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria
de Melo Pereira, G. V., de Oliveira Coelho, B., Magalhães Júnior, A. I., Thomaz-Soccol, V., & Soccol, C. R. (2018) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.003 · Cited by 523
Immune responses to human fungal pathogens and therapeutic prospects
Lionakis, M. S., Drummond, R. A., & Hohl, T. M. (2023) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00826-w · Cited by 379
Microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms of disease and therapeutic opportunities
Iliev, I. D., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., & Guo, C.-J. (2025) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-025-01163-0 · Cited by 249
Metadata
- Authors
- Auchtung, T. A., Fofanova, T. Y., Stewart, C. J., Nash, A. K., Wong, M. C., Gesell, J. R., Auchtung, J. M., Ajami, N. J., & Petrosino, J. F.
- Venue
- mSphere
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2018-04-25
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 2379-5042 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2794632074
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 8.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Investigating Colonization of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal Tract by Fungi. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/msphere.00092-18
- The paper
- Auchtung, T. A., Fofanova, T. Y., Stewart, C. J., Nash, A. K., Wong, M. C., Gesell, J. R., Auchtung, J. M., Ajami, N. J., & Petrosino, J. F. (2018). Investigating Colonization of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal Tract by Fungi. mSphere. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00092-18
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
