Maternal depression increases infant risk of diarrhoeal illness: -a cohort study
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AIMS: To examine the associations between postnatal depression in mothers and diarrhoeal illness in their infants in the first year of life in a low-income country. METHODS: Using a prospective cohort design, 265 infants (n = 130 of mothers having a depressive episode according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, at 3 months postnatal and n = 135 of psychologically well mothers) living in rural Rawalpindi, Pakistan, were followed up for 1 year. Frequency of diarrhoeal episodes was measured fortnightly by health workers using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: Infants of depressed mothers had significantly more diarrhoeal episodes per year than those of controls (mean 5.5 v 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9 to 2.0). The relative risk of having > or =5 diarrhoeal episodes per year in infants of depressed mothers was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.1). The association remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal depression is associated with infant diarrhoeal morbidity in a low-income community setting. It is independent of the effects of known factors such as undernutrition, socioeconomic status and parental education. Preventive child health programmes targeting mothers must consider their mental health.
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Infants of depressed mothers had significantly more diarrheal episodes per year than infants of nondepressed mothers.
“Three studies showed that infants of depressed mothers had significantly more diarrheal episodes per year than those of nondepressed mothers,119,122,138 and one study reported that infants of depressed mothers had more days of illness with diarrhea.138”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
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de Almeida, C. P., CUNHA, F. F., Pires, E. P., & SÁ, E. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01937.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Godier-McBard, L. R., Ibbitson, L., Hooks, C., & Fossey, M. J. (2019) · Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps · doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-001069 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Khan, A. M. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000871 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Role of the Health Sector in Early Childhood Development
Engle, P. L., Young, M. E., & Tamburlini, G. (2013) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199922994.003.0009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Rahman, A., & Prince, M. J. (2009) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology · doi:10.1179/136485909x398186 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationThe expression of perinatal depression in rural Ghana
Scorza, P., Owusu‐Agyei, S., Asampong, E., & Wainberg, M. L. (2015) · International Journal of Culture and Mental Health · doi:10.1080/17542863.2015.1037849 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Edge, D. (2010) · Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care · doi:10.5042/eihsc.2010.0507 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Xu, F., Austin, M., Reilly, N. M., Hilder, L., & Sullivan, E. (2012) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0289-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Perinatal and infant mental health and wellbeing
Marriott, R., & Ferguson-Hill, S. (2014) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Abuse Against Women, Depression, and Infant Morbidity
Manzolli, P., Nunes, M. A., Schmidt, M. I., & Ferri, C. P. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.013 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fisher, J., Rahman, A., de Mello, M. C., Chandra, P. S., & Herrman, H. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470660683.ch37 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rahman, A., Bunn, J., Lovel, H., & Creed, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rahman, A
- Venue
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2007-01-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-28
- ISSN
- 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2044
- PMC
- PMC2083137
- OpenAlex
- W2111487619
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (060177)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- maternal depression, postpartum depression, infant diarrhea, infant health, maternal mental health, low-income settings, child health programs, Rawalpindi
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Developing Countries, Diarrhea, Infantile, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pakistan, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Social Class, Cohort Studies, Depression, Postpartum
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