Cited by 3,137Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesHuman Health and DiseaseGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

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Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty

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Tanner, J M, Whitehouse, R H·1976·Archives of Disease in Childhood

DOI 10.1136/adc.51.3.170PMC PMC1545912

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Abstract

New charts for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity are presented for clinical (as opposed to population survey) use. They are based on longitudinal-type growth curves, using the same data as in the British 1965 growth standards. In the velocity standards centiles are given for children who are early- and late-maturing as well as for those who mature at the average age (thus extending the use of the previous charts). Limits of normality for the age of occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt are given and also for the successive stages of penis, testes, and pubic hair development in boys, and for stages of breast and pubic hair development in girls.

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Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls
Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1969) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291 · Cited by 5,963
Self-citation
Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys
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Self-citation
The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence
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Self-citation
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[1]1. Tajczt i 17ml on July 20, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://adc.bmj.com/ Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.51.3.170 on 1 March 1976. Downloaded from
[6]6. Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at Adolescence, 2nd ed. Blackwell, Oxford.
[10]10. Correspondence to Professor J. M. Tanner, Depart- ment of Growth and Development, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH. on July 20, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://adc.bmj.com/ Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.51.3.170 on 1 March 1976. Downloaded from

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Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents: the HELENA study
Artero, E. G., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., España‐Romero, V., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Molnár, D., Gottrand, F., González‐Gross, M., Breidenassel, C., Moreno, L. A., et al. (2011) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00769.x · Cited by 261
“Identification of pubertal status (stages I–V) was assessed by a medical doctor using the protocol described by Tanner and Whitehouse (22).”
Method
Vitamin D status among adolescents in Europe: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study
González‐Gross, M., Valtueña, J., Breidenassel, C., Moreno, L. A., Ferrari, M., Kersting, M., Henauw, S. D., Gottrand, F., Azzini, E., Widhalm, K., et al. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511003527 · Cited by 258
“A physician classified the adolescents into one of the five maturation stages described by Tanner & Whitehouse((33)).”
Presentation of vitamin D deficiency
Ladhani, S. N. (2004) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2003.031385 · Cited by 255
“…rate is an important factor in determining the mode of presentation and we propose that the hypocalcaemia is attributable to the increased metabolic demands of rapid growth during these periods, 11 13 resulting in development of symptomatic hypo-calcaemia before any radiological changes occur.”
Background
Analyses of 24-Hour Growth Hormone Profiles in Children: Relation to Growth*
Albertsson-Wikland, K. G., & Rosberg, S. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-67-3-493 · Cited by 252
Chronic intermittent elemental diet improves growth failure in children with Crohn's disease
Belli, D. C., Seidman, E. G., Bouthillier, L., Weber, A. M., ROY, C. C., Pletincx, M., Beaulieu, M., & Morin, C. L. (1988) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90230-2 · Cited by 251
Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism
Shaw, N., & Högler, W. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382040-2.10015-2 · Cited by 254
Metabolic and endocrinologic complications in beta-thalassemia major: a multicenter study in Tehran
Shamshirsaz, A. A., Bekheirnia, M. R., Kamgar, M. K., Pourzahedgilani, N., Bouzari, N., Habibzadeh, M., Hashemi, R., Shamshirsaz, A. A., Aghakhani, S., Homayoun, H., et al. (2003) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-3-4 · Cited by 250
“Puberty status according to Marshall-Tanner [10] determined.”
Final Height in Girls with Turner Syndrome after Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment in Three Dosages and Low Dose Estrogens
van Pareren, Y. K., Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M., Stijnen, T., Sas, T., Jansen, M., Otten, B. J., Hoorweg-Nijman, J. J. G., Vulsma, T., Stokvis‐Brantsma, W. H., Rouwé, C. W., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021171 · Cited by 244
“Tanner breast stage 2 was reached at a mean age of 12.9 0.6 yr, and stage 4 at a mean age of 14.8 1.1 yr.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
LaBella, C. R., Hennrikus, W. L., Hewett, T. E., Brenner, J. S., Brookes, M. A., Demorest, R. A., Halstead, M. E., Kelly, A. K. W., Koutures, C. G., LaBella, C. R., et al. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0623 · Cited by 239
“An 92 – 98 The most common method of measuring the patient ’ s skeletal age is to compare an anteroposterior radiograph of the patient ’ s left hand and wrist to an age-speci ﬁ c radiograph in the Greulich and Pyle atlas.”
Method
A Physical Education trial improves adolescents' cognitive performance and academic achievement: the EDUFIT study
Ardoy, D. N., Fernández‐Rodríguez, J. M., Jiménez‐Pavón, D., Castillo, R., Ruiz, J. R., & Ortega, F. B. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12093 · Cited by 227
“Different stages of pubertal development were assessed following the methodology described by Tanner and Whitehouse (1976) as was done in the national multicenter study AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes; Food and Assessment of Nutritional Status in…”
Method
Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, and Lipid Metabolism during Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in Children with GH Deficiency1
Boot, A. M., Engels, M. A. M. J., Boerma, G. J. M., Krenning, E. P., & Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4149 · Cited by 232
Estudio transversal español de crecimiento 2008. Parte II: valores de talla, peso e índice de masa corporal desde el nacimiento a la talla adulta
Carrascosa, A., García, J. M. F., Ramos, C. F., Longás, Á. F., López‐Siguero, J. P., González, E., Ruiz, B., & Yeste, D. (2008) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1157/13123287 · Cited by 231
Health‐related fitness in adolescents: underweight, and not only overweight, as an influencing factor. The AVENA study
Artero, E. G., España‐Romero, V., Ortega, F. B., Jiménez‐Pavón, D., Ruiz, J. R., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Bueno, M., Marcos, A., Gómez‐Martínez, S., Urzanqui, A., et al. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00959.x · Cited by 231
“V) was performed according to Tanner and Whitehouse (1976).”
Method
Growth and development following marrow transplantation for leukemia
Sanders, J., Pritchard, S., Mahoney, P., Amos, D. B., Buckner, C. D., Witherspoon, R., Deeg, H. J., Doney, K., Sullivan, K. M., & Appelbaum, F. R. (1986) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v68.5.1129.1129 · Cited by 230
Long-term outcome in 134 patients with galactosaemia
Schweitzer, S., Shin, Y. S., Jakobs, C., & Brodehl, J. (1993) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf02072514 · Cited by 229
“[28], was delayed in 1 male out of 18 over 12 years of age (confirmed by hormone analysis) and in 5 out of 11 females over 12 years of age.”
Background
Randomized, controlled trial of metformin for obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents: improvement in body composition and fasting insulin.
Srinivasan, S., Ambler, G., Baur, L., Garnett, S., Tepsa, M., Yap, F., Ward, G., & Cowell, C. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0241 · Cited by 238
“Pubertal stage was assessed using the standards of Tanner and Whitehouse (18).”
Method
Growth Hormone Treatment for Short Stature
Vliet, G. V., Styne, D. M., Kaplan, S. L., & Grumbach, M. M. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198310273091703 · Cited by 227
Endocrine and neurologic outcome in childhood craniopharyngioma: Review of effect of treatment in 42 patients
Thomsett, M. J., Conte, F. A., Kaplan, S. L., & Grumbach, M. M. (1980) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80254-x · Cited by 226
Marrow Transplantation in Patients with Thalassemia Responsive to Iron Chelation Therapy
Lucarelli, G., GALIMBERTI, M., Polchi, P., Angelucci, E., BARONCIANI, D., Giardini, C., Andreani, M., Agostinelli, F., Albertini, F., & Clift, R. A. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309163291204 · Cited by 225
Altered bone mineral density and body composition, and increased fracture risk in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
van der Sluis, I. M., van den Heuvel‐Eibrink, M. M., Hählen, K., Krenning, E. P., & Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M. (2002) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.125728 · Cited by 219
Growth reference charts for use in the United Kingdom
Wright, C. M. (2002) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.86.1.11 · Cited by 214
Features of the metabolic syndrome after childhood craniopharyngioma
Srinivasan, S., Ogle, G. D., Garnett, S. P., Briody, J. N., Lee, J. W., & Cowell, C. T. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030442 · Cited by 211
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Sedentary Activities Are Associated with Adiposity in Adolescents
Ortega, F. B., Tresaco, B., Ruiz, J. R., Moreno, L. A., Martín‐Matillas, M., Mesa, J. L. M., Wärnberǵ, J., Sánchez, M. B., Tercedor, P., Gutiérrez, Á., et al. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.188 · Cited by 223
Circadian Cortisol Rhythms in Healthy Boys and Girls: Relationship with Age, Growth, Body Composition, and Pubertal Development1
Knutsson, U., Dahlgren, J., Marcus, C., Rosberg, S., Brönnegård, M., Stierna, P., & Albertsson-Wikland, K. G. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.2.3769 · Cited by 209
The relative age effect in young French basketball players: a study on the whole population
Delorme, N., & Raspaud, M. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00781.x · Cited by 208
“This gap will be equally strongly felt in terms of physical development (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976) and cognitive development (Bisanz et al., 1995; Morrison et al., 1995).”
Background
A preliminary study of medial temporal lobe function in youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect
Maheu, F. S., Dozier, M., Guyer, A. E., Mandell, D. S., Peloso, E. D., Poeth, K., Jenness, J. L., Lau, J. Y. F., Ackerman, J. P., Pine, D. S., et al. (2010) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.1.34 · Cited by 223
“The Tanner puberty stage ( Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976 ), evaluated on a scale of 1 � prepuberty stage to 5 � fully mature, was determined by a pediatrician in caregiver-deprived and emotionally neglected youths, and by a self-administered questionnaire in the comparison group (Duke, Litt, & Gross, 1980).”
Body-composition reference data for simple and reference techniques and a 4-component model: a new UK reference child
Wells, J. C. K., Williams, J. E., Chomtho, S., Darch, T. S., Grijalva-Eternod, C. S., Kennedy, K., Haroun, D., Wilson, C., Cole, T. J., & Fewtrell, M. S. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.036970 · Cited by 208
Short-Term Effects of Rituximab in Children with Steroid- and Calcineurin-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome
Ravani, P., Magnasco, A., Edefonti, A., Murer, L., Rossi, R., Ghio, L., Benetti, E., Scozzola, F., Pasini, A., Dallera, N., et al. (2011) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.09421010 · Cited by 206
Deferoxamine-induced growth retardation in patients with thalassemia major
Virgillis, S. D., Congia, M., Frau, F., Argiolu, F., Diana, G., Cucca, F., Varsi, A., Sanna, G., Podda, G., Fodde, M., et al. (1988) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80375-5 · Cited by 205
Relative Age Effects Across and Within Female Sport Contexts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Smith, K. L., Weir, P. L., Till, K., Romann, M., & Cobley, S. P. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0890-8 · Cited by 204
Bone mineral density and nutritional status in children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Boot, A. M., Bouquet, J., Krenning, E. P., & Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M. (1998) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.42.2.188 · Cited by 204
Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children
Nieminen, P., Tolonen, U., & Löppönen, H. (2000) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.126.4.481 · Cited by 200
Physical activity, overweight and central adiposity in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., & Sjöstróm, M. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-61 · Cited by 203
Semen quality and spermatozoal DNA integrity in survivors of childhood cancer: a case-control study
Thomson, A. B., Campbell, A., Irvine, D. S., Anderson, R. A., Kelnar, C. J. H., & Wallace, W. H. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09606-x · Cited by 200
Associations between Physical Activity, Fitness, and Academic Achievement
Kwak, L., Kremers, S. P. J., Bergman, P., Ruiz, J. R., Rizzo, N. S., & Sjöström, M. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.06.019 · Cited by 198
Hepcidin in Obese Children as a Potential Mediator of the Association between Obesity and Iron Deficiency
del Giudice, E. M., Santoro, N., Amato, A., Brienza, C., Calabrò, P., Wiegerinck, E. T. G., Cirillo, G., Tartaglione, N., Grandone, A., Swinkels, D. W., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1361 · Cited by 201
“Pubertal status (Table 1) was evaluated according to the criteria of Tanner (28).”
Method
Trends in pubertal development in Europe
Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M. (2001) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/7.3.287 · Cited by 197
Analysis of 24-hour growth hormone profiles in healthy boys and girls of normal stature: relation to puberty
Albertsson-Wikland, K. G., Rosberg, S., KARLBERG, J. P. E., & Groth, T. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.78.5.8175978 · Cited by 194

Authors: Tanner, J. M., & Whitehouse, R. H.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
Venue: Archives of Disease in Childhood
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1976-03-01
Volume: 51
Issue: 3
Pages: 170-179
ISSN: 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
1468-2044
DOI: 10.1136/adc.51.3.170
PMC: PMC1545912
OpenAlex: W2161209070
Cited by: 3,137
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 118
FWCI: 10.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Nuffield Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords: growth standards, height-for-age, weight-for-age, height velocity, weight velocity, longitudinal growth curves, pubertal stage, pubertal growth spurt, sexual maturation, pubic hair development, breast development
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Growth, Hair, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Penis, Puberty, Testis, Time Factors

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Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty

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