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Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty
Open accessAbstract
New charts for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity are presented for clinical (as opposed to population survey) use. They are based on longitudinal-type growth curves, using the same data as in the British 1965 growth standards. In the velocity standards centiles are given for children who are early- and late-maturing as well as for those who mature at the average age (thus extending the use of the previous charts). Limits of normality for the age of occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt are given and also for the successive stages of penis, testes, and pubic hair development in boys, and for stages of breast and pubic hair development in girls.
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“An additional limitation is that our analyses are based on cross-sectional brain and body-weight data, which pool fast-and slow-maturing individuals; this pooling can attenuate the apparent magnitude of the pubertal growth spurt while also obscuring the variable timings of its onset (65).”
From Metabolic costs and evolutionary implications of human brain development (2014) · cites this paper as [65]
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Sas, T., Cromme-Dijkhuis, A. H., Keizer-Schrama, S. M. D. M., Stijnen, T., van Teunenbroek, A., & Drop, S. L. S. (1999) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70170-8 · Cited by 53
Short stature in homozygous β‐thalassaemia is due to disproportionate truncal shortening
Rodda, C. P., Reld, E. D., Johnson, S., Doery, J. C. G., Matthews, R., & Bowden, D. K. (1995) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02684.x · Cited by 53
Baroncelli, G. I., Bertelloni, S., Sodini, F., & Saggese, G. (2003) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01949.x · Cited by 53
Growth in children with craniopharyngioma following surgery
Tiulpakov, A. N., Mazerkina, N. A., Brook, C. G. D., Hindmarsh, P. C., Peterkova, V. A., & Gorelyshev, S. (1998) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00590.x · Cited by 53
“Height and height velocity were recorded as SDS values (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976).”
Method100 Years of Heights and Weights
Rosenbaum, S. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982758 · Cited by 53
Ontogenetic changes in the internal and external morphology of the ilium in modern humans
Abel, R. L., & Macho, G. A. (2011) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01342.x · Cited by 52
“It is noteworthy, however, that the most sub- stantial increase in muscle mass occurs after the pubertal growth spurt (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976; Tanner, 1981; Bogin, 1999, 2002), mediated by an increase in growth hor- mones (Vogl et al. 1993; Styne, 2003) and after linear growth has ceased (Fig.”
BackgroundMilk intake is inversely related to body mass index and body fat in girls
Abreu, S., Santos, R., Moreira, C. M. M., Santos, P. C., Vale, S. M. C. G., Soares‐Miranda, L., Mota, J. A. P. S., & Moreira, P. A. M. (2012) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-012-1742-4 · Cited by 52
“Breast development in girls and genital development in boys was evaluated according to criteria outlined by Tanner and Whitehouse [50].”
MethodFisiologia do eixo GH-sistema IGF
Martinelli, C. E., Custódio, R. J., & Aguiar-Oliveira, M. H. (2008) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302008000500002 · Cited by 52
Insulin resistance and endothelial function in children and adolescents
Miniello, V. L., Faienza, M. F., Scicchitano, P., Cortese, F., Gesualdo, M., Zito, A., Basile, M., Recchia, P., Leogrande, D., Viola, D., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.115 · Cited by 52
Blood pressure in ICSI-conceived adolescents
Belva, F., Roelants, M., Schepper, J. D., Roseboom, T. J., Bonduelle, M., Devroey, P., & Painter, R. C. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des259 · Cited by 52
Reversal of type 2 diabetes in youth who adhere to a very-low-energy diet: a pilot study
Gow, M. L., Baur, L. A., Johnson, N. A., Cowell, C. T., & Garnett, S. P. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4163-5 · Cited by 53
Altered Bone Mass in Children at Diagnosis of Crohn Disease: A Pilot Study
Harpavat, M., Greenspan, S. L., O'Brien, C., Chang, C. J., Bowen, A., & Keljo, D. J. (2005) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000153278.98861.32 · Cited by 52
“Pubertal development was determined according to Tanner staging (I–V) (16).”
MethodVariation of Growth in Length and Weight of Children I. Years 1 and 2
Sorva, R., Tolppanen, E. ‐., & Perheentupa, J. (1990) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11502.x · Cited by 52
Leptin and total cholesterol are predictors of weight gain in pre-pubertal children
Byrnes, S., Baur, L. A., Bermingham, M., Brock, K. E., & Steinbeck, K. S. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800783 · Cited by 51
Kato, T., Romero, R., Koutouby, R., Mittal, N. K., Thompson, J. F., Schleien, C. L., & Tzakis, A. G. (2000) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/j.1536-4801.2000.tb02763.x · Cited by 52
Brown, D. C., Butler, G. E., Kelnar, C. J. H., & Wu, F. C. W. (1995) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.73.2.131 · Cited by 52
Clinical Growth Standards for Irish Children
HOEY, H. M. C. V., Tanner, J. M., & Cox, L. A. (1987) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10580.x · Cited by 52
Self-citationInsulin Resistance and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Children with Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Cianfarani, S., Geremia, C., Germani, D., Scirè, G., Maiorana, A., & Boemi, S. (2001) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000063455 · Cited by 52
“were investigated. Children with malformations or genetic disorders were excluded. All children underwent anthropometric measurements using the growth standards of Tanner and Whitehouse [”
Ranke, M. B., & Guilbaud, O. (1990) · PubMed · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11689.x · Cited by 52
Hormonal Management of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome from Adolescence Onward
Bertelloni, S., Dati, E., Baroncelli, G. I., & Hiort, O. (2011) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000334162 · Cited by 51
Pubertal development in HIV-infected African children on first-line antiretroviral therapy
Szubert, A. J., Musiime, V., Bwakura‐Dangarembizi, M., Nahirya-Ntege, P., Kekitiinwa, A., Gibb, D. M., Nathoo, K., Prendergast, A. J., & Walker, A. S. (2015) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000590 · Cited by 51
“At baseline and every 24 weeks, physicians assessed Tanner staging [12] of pubic hair (P1–P5) and genitalia (G11⁄4 pre-pubertal to G51⁄4 adult, males) or breasts (B1–B5, females) in those aged at least 10 years.”
MethodEarly Life Programming of Abdominal Adiposity in Adolescents: The HELENA Study
Labayen, I., Ruiz, J. R., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Turck, D., Rodrı́guez, G., Meirhaeghe, A., Molnár, D., Sjöstróm, M., Castillo, M. J., Gottrand, F., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0983 · Cited by 51
“Pubertal status was evaluated by a trained physician (6,10).”
MethodImproving Physical Fitness in Adolescents Through a School-Based Intervention: the EDUFIT Study
Ardoy, D. N., Fernández-Rodríguez, J. M., Ruiz, J. R., Chillón, P., España‐Romero, V., Castillo, M. J., & Ortega, F. B. (2011) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2011.02.010 · Cited by 59
Kriemler, S., Puder, J. J., Zahner, L., Roth, R., Meyer, U., & Bedogni, G. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510002357 · Cited by 51
“Pubertal stage was self-assessed using Tanner’s criteria((24,32)).”
Angeli, E., Korpa, T., Johnson, E. O., Apostolakou, F., Papassotiriou, I., Chrousos, G. P., & Pervanidou, P. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.026 · Cited by 55
“A full medical history for each participant was obtained from the parents and all children underwent a pediatric physical examination to assess their physical health and estimate the stage of puberty, according to the Tanner scale (Tanner and Whitehouse, 1976).”
MethodBone age estimation using deep learning and hand X-ray images
Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. J., & Kim, K. G. (2020) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-020-00151-y · Cited by 52
Pubertal growth and development in cystic fibrosis: a retrospective review
Aswani, N., Taylor, C., McGaw, J., Pickering, M. C., & Rigby, A. S. (2003) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02571.x · Cited by 51
“The values for the height velocity were derived from the Tanner and Whitehouse charts of 1976, which still contain the latest data available for this purpose (19), and the information for the linear heights of the normal population of children came from the more recent reference curves for UK children published in 199…”
BackgroundMethodBone mass in young patients with type I diabetes
Weber, G., Beccaria, L., de'Angelis, M., Mora, S., Galli, L., Cazzuffi, M. A., Turba, F., Frisone, F., Guarneri, M. P., & Chiumello, G. (1990) · Bone and Mineral · doi:10.1016/0169-6009(91)90137-o · Cited by 51
Marowska, J., Kóbylińska, M., Łukaszkiewicz, J., Tałajko, A., Rymkiewicz-Kluczyńska, B., & Lorenc, R. S. (1996) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00284-0 · Cited by 51
Sas, T., Gerver, W. M., de Bruin, R., Stijnen, T., Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M., Cole, T. J., van Teunenbroek, A., & Drop, S. L. S. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6225 · Cited by 51
“Exclusion criteria were associated endocrine and/or metabolic disorders, growth failure caused by other disorders or emotional deprivation, hydrocephalus, previous use of drugs that could interfere with GH treatment, and spontaneous puberty (17).”
The effect of sleep quality on academic performance is mediated by internet use time: DADOS study.
Adelantado-Renau, M., Diez-Fernandez, A., Beltran-Valls, M. R., Soriano-Maldonado, A., & Moliner-Urdiales, D. (2019) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.03.006 · Cited by 52
Are Muscular and Cardiovascular Fitness Partially Programmed at Birth? Role of Body Composition
Ortega, F. B., Labayen, I., Ruiz, J. R., Martín‐Matillas, M., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Redondo, C., Wärnberǵ, J., Gutiérrez, Á., Sjöstróm, M., Castillo, M. J., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.07.041 · Cited by 50
Assessment of Copper and Lipid Profile in Obese Children and Adolescents
Lima, S. C. V. C., Arrais, R. F., Sales, C. H., Almeida, M. D. G., de Sena, K. C. M., Oliveira, V. T. L., de Andrade, A. S., & Pedrosa, L. F. C. (2006) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1385/bter:114:1:19 · Cited by 50
“A control group was formed consisting of healthy children and adolescents, matched by gender, age, and degree of sexual maturation, according to Tanner and Whitehouse’s classification (15).”
MethodSerum Zinc and Its Relation to Bone Mineral Density in β-Thalassemic Adolescents
Bekheirnia, M. R., Shamshirsaz, A. A., Kamgar, M. K., Bouzari, N., Erfanzadeh, G., Pourzahedgilani, N., Tabatabaie, S. M., Shamshirsaz, A. A., Kimiagar, M., Ezzati, F., et al. (2004) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1385/bter:97:3:215 · Cited by 50
“Puberty status according to Marshall–Tanner (12) was also determined.”
MethodParini, R., Jones, S. A., Harmatz, P., Giugliani, R., & Mendelsohn, N. J. (2016) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.009 · Cited by 50
Mouratidou, T., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Gracia‐Marco, L., Huybrechts, I., Sioen, I., Widhalm, K., Valtueña, J., González‐Gross, M., & Moreno, L. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2012.07.008 · Cited by 50
Dioxin Exposure and Age of Pubertal Onset among Russian Boys
Korrick, S., Lee, M., Williams, P. L., Sergeyev, O., Burns, J. S., Patterson, D. G., Turner, W. E., Needham, L. L., Altshul, L., Revich, B., et al. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1003102 · Cited by 50
“Pubertal maturation was graded from 1 to 5 by visual inspection according to established criteria (Tanner and Whitehouse 1976).”
Insulin resistance and body composition in preterm born children during prepubertal ages
Darendelıler, F., Baş, F., Bundak, R., Çoban, A. Ç., Sancaklı, Ö., Eryılmaz, S. K., Küçükemre, B., Dişçi, R., Gokcay, G., Akı, S., et al. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03119.x · Cited by 50
Dental caries and children's weights
Miller, J., Vaughan-Williams, E., Furlong, R., & Harrison, L. (1982) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.36.1.49 · Cited by 50
on behalf of the HELENA Study Group, Valtueña, J., Gracia‐Marco, L., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., González‐Gross, M., Huybrechts, I., Rey-López, J. P., Mouratidou, T., Sioen, I., Mesana, M. I., et al. (2012) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-011-1884-7 · Cited by 50
“For Tanner stage, physical examination was performed by a physician aiming to classify the adolescents into one of the five stages of pubertal maturity defined by Tanner and Whitehouse [22].”
BackgroundRamírez‐Vélez, R., Palacios‐López, A., Prieto‐Benavides, D. H., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., Izquierdo, M., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., & Lobelo, F. (2016) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22902 · Cited by 50
“Sexual maturation was classified based on Tanner staging (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976), which uses self-reported puberty status to classify participants into stages I to V (Matsudo & Matsudo, 1994).”
BackgroundMethodSugranyes, G., de la Serna, E., Borràs, R., Sánchez‐Gistau, V., Pariente, J. C., Romero, S., Baeza, I., Díaz‐Caneja, C. M., Rodríguez-Toscano, E., Moreno, C., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx002 · Cited by 52
Vlachopoulos, D., BARKER, A. R., Ubago‐Guisado, E., Fatouros, I. G., KNAPP, K. M., Williams, C. A., & Gracia‐Marco, L. (2017) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.3206 · Cited by 50
“Sexual maturation was self-reported using adapted drawingsof thefive stages (Tanner) of pubichair development.((49))”
MethodChristoforidis, A., Economou, M. P., PAPADOPOULOU, E., Kazantzidou, E., Farmaki, E., Tzimouli, V., Tsatra, I., Gompakis, N., & Athanassiou‐Metaxa, M. (2010) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02385.x · Cited by 50
Lannering, B., Rosberg, S., Márky, I., Moëll, C., & Albertsson‐Wikiand, K. (1995) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01856.x · Cited by 50
Nutrient Oxidation during Moderately Intense Exercise in Obese Prepubertal Boys
Maffeis, C., Zaffanello, M., Pellegrino, M., Banzato, C., Bogoni, G., Viviani, E., Ferrari, M., & Tatò, L. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0715 · Cited by 50
Longitudinal study of height and weight at adolescence.
Jm, B., & Wild, J. (1987) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.62.12.1224 · Cited by 50
Reybrouck, T. (2001) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2425 · Cited by 50
“All patients were within the third and 97th percentile for height[ 3 ].”
BackgroundPartsch, C., Hermanussen, M., & Sippell, W. G. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-6-1196 · Cited by 50
Short stature--the role of intelligence in psychosocial adjustment.
Gilmour, J. D., & Skuse, D. (1996) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.75.1.25 · Cited by 50
Mental health and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with esophageal atresia
Faugli, A., Bjørnland, K., Emblem, R., Nøvik, T. S., & Diseth, T. H. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.09.027 · Cited by 47
“Growth values were expressed to age/sex-adjusted growth charts [47] [48] [49] and body mass index.”
MethodBakker, N. E., Kuppens, R. J., Siemensma, E. P. C., van Wijngaarden, R. F. A. T.-D. L., Festen, D. A. M., Heus, G. C. B. B.-D., Bocca, G., Haring, D. A. J. P., Hoorweg-Nijman, J. J. G., Houdijk, E. C. A. M., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-4347 · Cited by 49
Milewski, M. D., Beck, N. A., Lawrence, J. T. R., & Ganley, T. J. (2011) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2011.08.001 · Cited by 49
Parents underestimate their child`s overweight
Vuorela, N., Saha, M., & Salo, M. K. (2010) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01829.x · Cited by 49
“The pubertal stage was assessed according to the Tanner classification, but simplified for nurses into two categories: prepubertal (Tanner stage 1) and pubertal (Tanner stage 2 or above) (13).”
MethodVlachopoulos, D., BARKER, A. R., Ubago‐Guisado, E., Ortega, F. B., Krustrup, P., Metcalf, B. S., Castro‐Piñero, J., Ruiz, J. R., KNAPP, K. M., Williams, C. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.08.018 · Cited by 49
Rocha, E. P. A. A., Vogel, M., Staník, J., Pietzner, D., Willenberg, A., Körner, A., & Kieß, W. (2018) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000490113 · Cited by 49
Delvecchio, M., Bellis, A. D., Francavilla, R., Rutigliano, V., Predieri, B., Indrio, F., Venuto, D. D., Sinisi, A. A., Bizzarro, A., Bellastella, A., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.642 · Cited by 49
Compensatory hypertrophy and progressive renal damage in children nephrectomized for Wilms' tumor
Tullio, M. T. D., Casale, F., Indolfi, P., Polito, C., Giuliano, M., Martini, A., Cimmaruta, E., Morgera, C., Cioce, F., & Greco, N. (1996) · Medical and Pediatric Oncology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199605)26:5 · Cited by 49
Phillips, D. J., Albertsson-Wikland, K. G., Eriksson, K., & WIDE, L. E. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.9.4254 · Cited by 49
“Pubertal stage was scored according to Tanner (11) for pubic hair and breast development and according to Prader (12) for testicular volume.”
MethodClinical standards for growth velocity in height of Belgian boys and girls, aged 2 to 18 years
Hauspie, R. C., & Wachholder, A. (1986) · International Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.1007/bf02442063 · Cited by 49
Delaney, J. E., Ratzan, S. K., & Kornman, K. S. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 50
Renal transplantation and osteoporosis.
Boot, A. M., Nauta, J., Hokken‐Koelega, A. C. S., Pols, H. A., de Ridder, M. A., & Keizer-Schrama, S. M. D. M. (1995) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.72.6.502 · Cited by 48
Collagen‐derived markers of bone metabolism in osteogenesis imperfecta
Lund, A. M., Hansen, M., Kollerup, G., Juul, A., Teisner, B., & Skovby, F. (1998) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00920.x · Cited by 49
“All children were Tanner staged (9) and Sillence classified (1).”
BackgroundGulliver, T., Morton, R., & Eid, N. (2007) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00148581-200709030-00007 · Cited by 47
“[100] However, while keeping the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms at long-term data are absolutely needed to ascertain the full effects of bay.”
BackgroundKondaki, K., Grammatikaki, E., Jiménez-Pavón, D., De Henauw, S., González-Gross, M., Sjöstrom, M., Gottrand, F., Molnar, D., Moreno, L. A., Kafatos, A., et al. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012002613 · Cited by 48
“Pubertal stage was recorded by a researcher of the same sex as the child, after brief observation according to Tanner and Whitehouse (27) .”
Reliability of Tanner Staging Performed by Orthopedic Sports Medicine Surgeons
Slough, J., Hennrikus, W. L., & Chang, Y. H. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318285c2f7 · Cited by 48
Green, M. P., Mouat, F., Miles, H. L., Hopkins, S. A., Derraik, J. G. B., Hofman, P. L., Peek, J., & Cutfield, W. S. (2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.009 · Cited by 48
Current concepts of the management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children
Al‐Hadithy, N., Dodds, A. L., Akhtar, K., & Gupte, C. M. (2013) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.95b11.31778 · Cited by 48
Adolescent neural response to reward is related to participant sex and task motivation
Alarcón, G., Cservenka, A., & Nagel, B. J. (2016) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2016.10.003 · Cited by 51
“This is somewhat surprising, given the presence of sex differences in pubertal maturation, sex hormone levels (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976), prefrontal cortical maturation (on average, girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys) (Lenroot et al., 2007) and sensation seeking (on average,…”
Licenziati, M. R., Valerio, G., Vetrani, I., Maria, G. D., Liotta, F., & Radetti, G. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-02399 · Cited by 50
Kızılay, D. Ö., Şen, S., & Ersoy, B. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2019.0241 · Cited by 47
“A testicular volume of ≥4 mL in males, and breast development of Tanner stage 2 and over in females, were considered as findings of puberty (14).”
BackgroundIGF1 for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents: a reappraisal
Ibba, A., Corrias, F., Guzzetti, C., Casula, L., Salerno, M., Iorgi, N. D., Tornese, G., Patti, G., Radetti, G., Maghnie, M., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-20-0347 · Cited by 48
T Lymphocyte Maturation Is Impaired in Healthy Young Individuals Carrying Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
Guazzarotti, L., Trabattoni, D., Castelletti, E., Boldrighini, B., Piacentini, L., Duca, P., Beretta, S., Pacei, M., Caprio, C., Vigan�, A., et al. (2009) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/2009.114.100-109 · Cited by 48
Successful treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in two infants using chemotherapy alone
Silván, A. M. Á., Cantón, J. A. G., Cuevas, G. P., & Gutierrez, J. A. (1996) · Medical and Pediatric Oncology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199603)26:3 · Cited by 7
Bone mineral density in diabetic children and adolescents: a follow-up study
Salvatoni, A., Mancassola, G., Biasoli, R., Cardani, R., Salvatore, S., Broggini, M., & Nespoli, L. (2004) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.01.005 · Cited by 48
Mikkonen, K. H., Tapanainen, P. J., Pakarinen, A., Päivänsalo, M. J., Isojärvi, J. I. T., & Vainionpää, L. K. (2004) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.04604.x · Cited by 48
“Subjects were considered as prepubertal (T I) when no clinical signs of puberty (G 1) were seen, as pubertal (T II–IV) when they showed clinical signs of pubertal development: larger testicle >20 mm in length G 2–4(-5), and as postpubertal (T V) when their pubertal maturation was complete [G5 with adult bone age (27),…”
MethodSpontaneous hypoglycemia in patients with cystic fibrosis
Battezzati, A., Battezzati, P. M., Costantini, D., Seia, M., Zazzeron, L., Russo, M. C., Daccò, V., Bertoli, S., Crosignani, A., & Colombo, C. (2007) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02344 · Cited by 48
Dynamics of bone turnover in children with GH deficiency treated with GH until final height
Baroncelli, G., Bertelloni, S., Ceccarelli, C., Cupelli, D., & Saggese, G. (2000) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1420549 · Cited by 48
Veno-occlusive disease of the liver associated withcysteamine treatment of nephropathic cystinosis
Avner, E. D., Ellis, D., & Jaffe, R. (1983) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80261-3 · Cited by 48
Collagen-derived markers of bone metabolism in osteogenesis imperfecta
Lund, A. M. (1998) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1080/080352598750031112 · Cited by 48
Sas, T., Keizer-Schrama, S. M. D. M., Stijnen, T., Asarfi, A., van Leeuwen, W. J., van Teunenbroek, A., van Rijn, R. R., Drop, S. L. S., & the Dutch Advisory group on Growth Hormone (2000) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00963.x · Cited by 48
“Pubertal stages were assessed according to Tanner & Whitehouse (1976).”
MethodNormal Growth of Nephrotic Children during Long‐term Alternate‐day Prednisone Therapy
Polito, C., OPORTO, M. R., TOTINO, S. F., Manna, A. L., & Toro, R. (1986) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10193.x · Cited by 48
“Standards of Tanner & Whitehouse for height and growth velocity (8) were utilized in the present study.”
MethodEvaluation of pituitary function after traumatic brain injury in childhood
Khadr, S. N., Crofton, P. M., Jones, P. A., Wardhaugh, B., Roach, J., Drake, A. J., Minns, R. A., & Kelnar, C. J. H. (2010) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03857.x · Cited by 47
Central precocious puberty during COVID-19 pandemic and sleep disturbance: an exploratory study
Umano, G. R., Maddaluno, I., Riccio, S., Lanzaro, F., Antignani, R., Giuliano, M. G., Luongo, C., Festa, A., del Giudice, E. M., & Grandone, A. (2022) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-022-01256-z · Cited by 47
“Clinical examination was performed in all girls, including weight and height measurement, z-score BMI calculation using the LMS method and staging of breast development according to Tanner’s classification [13, 14].”
MethodSerum Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides and Growth among Russian Boys
Burns, J. S., Williams, P. L., Sergeyev, O., Korrick, S., Lee, M., Revich, B., Altshul, L., Prato, J. T. D., Humblet, O., Patterson, D. G., et al. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1103743 · Cited by 47
Antiretroviral therapy and bone mineral measurements in HIV-infected youths
Zuccotti, G., Viganò, M., Gabiano, C., Giacomet, V., Mignone, F., Stucchi, S., Manfredini, V. A., Marinacci, F., & Mora, S. (2010) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.029 · Cited by 47
Poomthavorn, P., Khlairit, P., & Mahachoklertwattana, P. (2009) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000232164 · Cited by 47
Preclinical challenges in steroid analysis of human samples
Ceglarek, U., Werner, M., Kortz, L., Körner, A., Kieß, W., Thiery, J., & Kratzsch, J. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.039 · Cited by 47
Almeida‐de‐Souza, J., Santos, R., Barros, R., Abreu, S., Moreira, C. M. M., Lopes, L., Mota, J. A. P. S., & Moreira, P. A. M. (2017) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0013-x · Cited by 51
“Pubertal stage, from 1 to 5, was self-assessed relatively the secondary sex characteristics, according to Tanner and Whitehouse criteria [44].”
MethodThe Membrane‐bound O‐Acyltransferase7 rs641738 Variant in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Sessa, A. D., Umano, G. R., Cirillo, G., Prete, A. D., Iacomino, R., Marzuillo, P., & del Giudice, E. M. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001979 · Cited by 47
Sahota, P., Prabhakar, S. K., Kharbanda, P. S., Bhansali, A., Jain, V., Das, C. P., & Modi, M. (2008) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01676.x · Cited by 47
“It was made sure that all the women younger than 18 years of age had attained menarche at least 3 years prior and had attained Tanner stage 5 of puberty at the time of evaluation (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1976).”
BackgroundFerrari, M., Cuenca‐García, M., Valtueña, J., Moreno, L. A., Censi, L., González‐Gross, M., Androutsos, O., Gilbert, C. C., Huybrechts, I., Dallongeville, J., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.154 · Cited by 47
Frisk, P., Arvidson, J., Gustafsson, J., & Lönnerholm, G. (2003) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1704324 · Cited by 47
Heterozygous mutations of growth hormone receptor gene in children with idiopathic short stature.
Bonioli, E., Tarò, M., la Rosa, C., Citana, A., Bertorelli, R., Morcaldi, G., Gastaldi, R., & Coviello, D. (2005) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2005.08.004 · Cited by 49
Pubertal stage and brain anatomy in girls
Blanton, R. E., Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., Glover, G. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.059 · Cited by 47
“Tanner staging (Tanner and Whitehouse, 1976) was used to examine pubertal status, with Tanner stage 1 representing an absence of secondary sexual characteristics and Tanner stage 5 indicating physiological sexual maturity.”
Soliman, A. T., El-Banna, N., & Ansari, B. (1998) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380394 · Cited by 47
Human and clinical perspectives on leptin
Blum, W. F., Englaro, P., Attanasio, A. M., Kieß, W., & Rascher, W. (1998) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19980068 · Cited by 47
Minuto, F. M., Barreca, A., Monte, P. D., Fortini, P., Resentini, M., Morabito, F. C., & Giordano, G. (1988) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03350166 · Cited by 47
Five‐year‐follow‐up of very low birth weight infants: neurological and psychological outcome
Roussounis, S. H., HUBLEY, P. A., & Dear, P. R. (1993) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1993.tb00712.x · Cited by 46
Hedman, M., Matikainen, T., Föhr, A., Lappi, M., Piippo, S., Nuutinen, M., & Antikainen, M. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1541 · Cited by 47
“were at the 97th and 50th percentiles, respectively (30).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanner, J. M., & Whitehouse, R. H.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Venue
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1976-03-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 170-179
- ISSN
- 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2044
- PMC
- PMC1545912
- OpenAlex
- W2161209070
- Cited by
- 3,137
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 118
- FWCI
- 10.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nuffield Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- growth standards, height-for-age, weight-for-age, height velocity, weight velocity, longitudinal growth curves, pubertal stage, pubertal growth spurt, sexual maturation, pubic hair development, breast development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Growth, Hair, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Penis, Puberty, Testis, Time Factors
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