Therapeutic implications of sex differences in asthma and atopy
Open accessAbstract
Clear sex differences exist in asthma and atopy with a preponderance of boys before puberty. There is a reversal of this sex ratio during puberty with girls having more asthma and atopy throughout the reproductive years. Elucidating the reasons for the switch in the sex ratio should provide fresh insights into asthma and atopy with a real prospect of novel therapies for these troublesome diseases. The challenge is to match the epidemiology and physiology with the accumulating scientific knowledge on gender differences in immune responses. Hormonal changes have been implicated in the reversal of the sex ratio. Testosterone is an immunosuppressant and is likely to be protective, while female sex steroids are proinflammatory and will increase the susceptibility to atopy. Modified so as to be non-virilising/feminising, sex steroids could therefore play a useful part in modulating the immunological and inflammatory processes that underlie asthma and other allergic disorders, complementing the currently used glucocorticoid derived steroids.
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Gender and sex steroids govern the development and prevalence of many human diseases.
“In addition, gender and sex steroids govern the development and prevalence of many human diseases [4–6].”
From Gender-Related Effects of Sex Steroids on Histamine Release and Fc<i>ε</i>RI Expression in Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
The opening section (page unavailable) describes sex differences across a range of health problems, and “SEX AND DISEASE” discusses both biological and sociocultural influences. “SEX HORMONES AND ATOPY” links sex hormones to asthma and atopy prevalence, while “SEX HORMONES AND AUTOIMMUNITY” discusses their influence on autoimmune disease. The paper does not establish that gender and sex steroids govern the development and prevalence of the full range of human diseases implied by the claim. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA relationship between female hormones, mast cell-derived mediators, and development of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory diseases has been suggested.
“In this regard, a relationship between female hormones, MC-derived mediators and development of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory diseases has been suggested [4, 16, 19].”
From Gender-Related Effects of Sex Steroids on Histamine Release and Fc<i>ε</i>RI Expression in Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Osman, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Osman, M
- Venue
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2003-07-01
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 587-590
- ISSN
- 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2044
- PMC
- PMC1763154
- OpenAlex
- W2139317824
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Keywords
- sex differences, asthma, atopy, puberty, sex ratio, testosterone, sex steroids, immune response, inflammation, allergic diseases, glucocorticoids, asthma treatment
- MeSH terms
- Asthma, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sex Ratio, Autoimmunity, Anti-Allergic Agents
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