Changes in population cholesterol concentrations and other cardiovascular risk factor levels after five years of the non-communicable disease intervention programme in Mauritius
Open accessAbstract
Objective : To study changes in the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease after a five year population-wide intervention programme promoting a healthy lifestyle in a developing country. Design : Cross sectional cluster surveys in 1987 and 1992. Methodology included a two hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, measurement of body mass index, waist:hip ratio, basal lipid concentrations, and blood pressure; and a lifestyle questionnaire. Setting : Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean. Subjects : All adults aged 25-74 years residing in geographically defined clusters. Main outcome measures : Age standardised prevalence of categorical disease and risk factor conditions and mean levels and frequency distributions of continuous variables. Results : Response rates were 86.2% (5080/5892) in 1987 and 89.5% (5162/5770) in 1992. Significant decreases were found in the prevalence of hypertension (15.0% to 12.1% in men and 12.4% to 10.9% in women); cigarette smoking (58.2% to 47.2% and 6.9% to 3.7% respectively); and heavy alcohol consumption (38.2% to 14.4% and 2.6% to 0.6% respectively). Moderate leisure physical activity increased from 16.9% to 22.1% in men and from 1.3% to 2.7% in women. Mean population serum total cholesterol concentration fell appreciably from 5.5 mmol/l to 4.7 mmol/l (P<0.001). The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased, and the rates of glucose intolerance changed little. The population frequency distributions of blood pressure, serum lipid concentration, and a composite risk factor score shifted advantageously. Conclusions : Lifestyle intervention projects can be implemented and have positive effects in developing countries. A pronounced improvement in the population lipid profile in Mauritius was probably related to a change in the saturated fat content of a widely used cooking oil.
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- Authors
- Dowse, G. K., Gareeboo, H., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., Tuomilehto, J., Purran, A., Fareed, D., Chitsono, P., Collins, V. R., & Hemraj, F.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Health and Quality of Life (MU)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Dowse, Gary K
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1995-11-11
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 7015
- Pages
- 1255-1259
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC2551180
- OpenAlex
- W1600657626
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r01dk025446-18)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-25446)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- cardiovascular risk factors, non-communicable disease prevention, hypertension prevalence, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total cholesterol, serum lipids, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, blood pressure, risk factor score, saturated fat, cooking oil, Mauritius
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Health Promotion, Humans, Hypertension, Life Style, Lipids, Male, Mauritius, Middle Aged, Obesity, Uric Acid, Body Mass Index
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