Diet, nutrition and the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases
Open accessAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are growing contributors to global disease burdens, with epidemics of CVD advancing across many regions of the world which are experiencing a rapid health transition. Diet and nutrition have been extensively investigated as risk factors for major cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke and are also linked to other cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. The interpretation of evidence needs to involve a critical appraisal of methodological issues related to measurement of exposures, nature of outcome variables, types of research design and careful separation of cause, consequence and confounding as the basis for observed associations. Adequate evidence is available, from studies conducted within and across populations, to link several nutrients, minerals, food groups and dietary patterns with an increased or decreased risk of CVD. Dietary fats associated with an increased risk of CHD include trans-fats and saturated fats, while polyunsaturated fats are known to be protective. Dietary sodium is associated with elevation of blood pressure, while dietary potassium lowers the risk of hypertension and stroke. Regular frequent intake of fruits and vegetables is protective against hypertension, CHD and stroke. Composite diets (such as DASH diets, Mediterranean diet, 'prudent' diet) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of hypertension and CHD. Sufficient knowledge exists to recommend nutritional interventions, at both population and individual levels, to reduce cardiovascular risk. That knowledge should now be translated into policies which promote healthy diets and discourage unhealthy diets. This requires coordinated action at the level of governments, international organizations, civil society and responsible sections of the food industry.
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In Asia, white rice became dominant as a staple over legumes and coarse grains, with a more recent trend being rapidly rising consumption of instant noodles as a staple.
“In Asia, white rice became dominant as a staple over legumes and coarse grains, with a more recent trend being rapidly rising consumption of instant noodles as a staple (52,53).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Reddy, K. S., & Katan, M. B.
- Affiliations
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Reddy, K Srinath
- ORCID
- Reddy, K Srinath
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1a
- Pages
- 167-186
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- OpenAlex
- W2168345173
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- McMaster University
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- diet and cardiovascular disease, hypertension prevention, coronary artery disease, stroke, dietary fat, trans fatty acids, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, dietary sodium, potassium, fruits and vegetables, DASH diet, Mediterranean diet, prudent diet, dietary intervention, cardiovascular risk factors, health policy, food industry
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Dietary Fats, Fruit, Health Policy, Health Promotion, Humans, Hypertension, Risk Factors, Vegetables, Sodium Chloride, Dietary
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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