Cited by 938Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchStatistical Methods in Epidemiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat.

Open access

Altman, Douglas G·1998·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1309PMC PMC1114210

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with a high frequency of arrhythmias. Few studies have analysed the role of reduced lung function in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and risk of first episode of AF in a prospective study. Data from 13,430 males and females without previous myocardial infarction, who participated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, were analysed. New AF was assessed at re-examination after 5 yrs and by hospital admission for AF during a period of 13 yrs. Multivariate analyses were used with adjustment for cardiopulmonary risk factors. There were 62 new cases of AF at 5-yr follow-up (0.58%) and 290 cases (2.20%) diagnosed at hospitalisations. Risk of new AF at re-examination was 1.8-times higher for FEV1 between 60–80% of predicted compared with FEV1 ≥80% after adjustment for sex, age, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes and body mass index. The risk of AF hospitalisation was 1.3-times higher for FEV1 between 60–80% and 1.8-times higher for FEV1 <60% compared with FEV1 ≥80%, when additional adjustment was made for education, treatment with diuretics and chest pain at activity. The authors conclude that reduced lung function is an independent predictor for incident atrial fibrillation.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1309

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM
Sackett, D. L. (2000) · Cited by 5,950
Improving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials: The CONSORT Statement
Begg, C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540080059030 · Cited by 3,127
The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect
Cook, R. J., & Sackett, D. L. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6977.452 · Cited by 1,885
An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681
Statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals.
Altman, D. G., Gore, S. M., Gardner, M. J., & Pocock, S. (1983) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.286.6376.1489 · Cited by 662
Self-citation
Meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing coronary angioplasty with bypass surgery
Pocock, S., Henderson, R. A., Rickards, A. F., Hampton, J. R., King, S. B., Hamm, C. W., Puel, J., Hueb, W. A., Goy, J. J., & Rodriguez, A. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92897-9 · Cited by 527
Meta-analysis on efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies in smoking cessation
Silagy, C., Mant, D., Fowler, G., & Lodge, M. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90933-4 · Cited by 481
Using Numerical Results from Systematic Reviews in Clinical Practice
McQuay, H. J., & Moore, R. A. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00007 · Cited by 452
Confidence Limits Made Easy: Interval Estimation Using a Substitution Method
Daly, L. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009523 · Cited by 289
Down with odds ratios!
Sackett, D. L., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (1996) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebm.1996.1.164 · Cited by 178
Self-citation

Show all 14 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

10.1136/ebm.1.6.164 · DOI

Sorted by citations

CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gotzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c869 · Cited by 8,883
Self-citation
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration
Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Moher, D., Egger, M., Davidoff, F., Elbourne, D., Gøtzsche, P. C., Lang, T., & for the CONSORT Group (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00012 · Cited by 3,835
Self-citation
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia
Bhatt, D. L., Steg, P. G., Miller, M., Brinton, E. A., Jacobson, T. A., Ketchum, S. B., Doyle, R. T., Juliano, R. A., Jiao, L., Granowitz, C., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1812792 · Cited by 3,317
Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes
Crowther, C. A., Hiller, J. E., Moss, J. R., McPhee, A. J., Jeffries, W. S., & Robinson, J. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042973 · Cited by 3,159
CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gøtzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G. (2012) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.10.001 · Cited by 2,345
Self-citation
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gøtzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004 · Cited by 1,858
Self-citation
EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee For International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)
Zhang, W., Doherty, M., Bardin, T., Pascual, E., Barskova, V., Conaghan, P. G., Gerster, J., Jacobs, J. W. G., Leeb, B., Lioté, F., et al. (2006) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.055269 · Cited by 1,406
Clozapine Treatment for Suicidality in Schizophrenia<subtitle>International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT)</subtitle>
Meltzer, H. Y. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.1.82 · Cited by 1,393
Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial
Lester, R. T., Ritvo, P., Mills, E. J., Kariri, A., Karanja, S., Chung, M. H., Jack, W., Habyarimana, J., Sadatsafavi, M., Najafzadeh, M., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61997-6 · Cited by 1,278
EULAR evidence based recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)
Zhang, W., Doherty, M., Leeb, B. F., Alekseeva, L., Arden, N. K., Bijlsma, J. W., Dinçer, F., Dziedzic, K., Häuselmann, H. J., Herrero-Beaumont, G., et al. (2007) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.062091 · Cited by 1,338
Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Williamson, J. D., Supiano, M. A., Applegate, W. B., Berlowitz, D. R., Campbell, R. C., Chertow, G. M., Fine, L. J., Haley, W. E., Hawfield, A. T., Ix, J. H., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7050 · Cited by 1,261
Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis
Gillies, C. L., Abrams, K. R., Lambert, P. C., Cooper, N. J., Sutton, A. J., Hsu, R. T., & Khunti, K. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39063.689375.55 · Cited by 1,171
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Alzheimer's Disease
Swardfager, W., Lanctôt, K., Rothenburg, L., Wong, A., Cappell, J., & Herrmann, N. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.012 · Cited by 1,108
Clinical Response and Risk for Reported Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in Pediatric Antidepressant Treatment: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Bridge, J. A., Iyengar, S., Salary, C. B., Barbe, R. P., Birmaher, B., Pincus, H. A., Ren, L., & Brent, D. A. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.15.1683 · Cited by 1,086
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data.
Whittington, C. J., Kendall, T., Fonagy, P., Cottrell, D., Cotgrove, A., & Boddington, E. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16043-1 · Cited by 1,006
On effect size.
Kelley, K., & Preacher, K. J. (2012) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0028086 · Cited by 1,084
Antipsychotic drugs versus placebo for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Leucht, S., Tardy, M., Komossa, K., Heres, S., Kissling, W., Salanti, G., & Davis, J. M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60239-6 · Cited by 931
Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Hassan, S. S., Romero, R., Vidyadhari, D., Fusey, S., Baxter, J. K., Khandelwal, M., Vijayaraghavan, J., Trivedi, Y., Soma‐Pillay, P., Sambarey, P., et al. (2011) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.9017 · Cited by 923
Chapter 12: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions
Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Jonathan, J., & Glasziou, P. (2011) · Cited by 873
OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part I: Critical appraisal of existing treatment guidelines and systematic review of current research evidence
Zhang, W., Moskowitz, R. W., Nuki, G., Abramson, S. B., Altman, R. D., Arden, N., Bierma‐Zeinstra, S., Brandt, K. D., Croft, P. R., Doherty, M., et al. (2007) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.014 · Cited by 799
EULAR evidence based recommendations for the management of hip osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)
Zhang, W., Doherty, M., Arden, N. K., Bannwarth, B., Bijlsma, J. W. J., Günther, K.-P., Häuselmann, H. J., Herrero‐Beaumont, G., Jordan, K. M., Kaklamanis, P., et al. (2004) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2004.028886 · Cited by 781
Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Henzi, I., Walder, B., & Tramèr, M. R. (2000) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200001000-00038 · Cited by 769
Calculating the number needed to treat for trials where the outcome is time to an event
Altman, D. G., & Andersen, P. K. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1492 · Cited by 710
Self-citation
Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy
Chamberlain, C., O'Mara-Eves, A., Porter, J., Coleman, T., Perlen, S. M., Thomas, J., & McKenzie, J. E. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001055.pub5 · Cited by 650
Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review
Tramèr, M. R., Carroll, D., Campbell, F. A., Reynolds, D. J. M., Moore, R. A., & McQuay, H. J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.16 · Cited by 610
Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Dobson, J., Whitley, R. J., Pocock, S., & Monto, A. S. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62449-1 · Cited by 598
Interpreting results and drawing conclusions
Schünemann, H. J., Vist, G. E., Higgins, J. P. T., Santesso, N. A., Deeks, J. J., Glasziou, P., Akl, E. A., Guyatt, G. H., & on behalf of the Cochrane GRADEing Methods Group (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119536604.ch15 · Cited by 600
Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies
Haddad, P. M., Brain, C., & Scott, J. L. (2014) · Patient Related Outcome Measures · doi:10.2147/prom.s42735 · Cited by 617
Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting
Lee, A. S. Y., Chan, S. K. C., & Fan, L. T. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003281.pub4 · Cited by 586
Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data
Romero, R. J., Nicolaides, K. H., Conde‐Agudelo, A., Tabor, A., O’Brien, J., Çetingöz, E., da Fonseca, E. B., Creasy, G. W., Klein, K., Rode, L., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.003 · Cited by 592
Efficacy and Safety of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Crohn's Disease: Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials
Peyrin‐Biroulet, L., Deltenre, P., de Suray, N., Branche, J., Sandborn, W. J., & Colombel, J. (2008) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.014 · Cited by 578
Prevention of Hip Fracture in Elderly People with Use of a Hip Protector
Kannus, P., Parkkari, J. P., Niemi, S. T., Pasanen, M. E., Palvanen, M., Järvinen, M., & VUORI, I. M. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200011233432101 · Cited by 549
Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Romero, R., Conde-Agudelo, A., Da Fonseca, E., O’Brien, J. M., Cetingoz, E., Creasy, G. W., Hassan, S. S., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2018) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.576 · Cited by 522
Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Stein, D. J., Ipser, J. C., Seedat, S., Sager, C., & Amos, T. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002795.pub2 · Cited by 519
Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations*
Hankey, G. J., & Warlow, C. P. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04407-4 · Cited by 509
Effects of Intensive BP Control in CKD
Cheung, A. K., Rahman, M., Reboussin, D. M., Craven, T. E., Greene, T., Kimmel, P. L., Cushman, W. C., Hawfield, A. T., Johnson, K., Lewis, C. E., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2017020148 · Cited by 515
Prevention of acute knee injuries in adolescent female football players: cluster randomised controlled trial
Walden, M., Atroshi, I., Magnusson, H., Wagner, P., & Hagglund, M. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e3042 · Cited by 487
Early intervention services, cognitive–behavioural therapy and family intervention in early psychosis: systematic review
Bird, V., Premkumar, P., Kendall, T., Whittington, C., Mitchell, J., & Kuipers, E. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074526 · Cited by 468
Glycemic control and macrovascular disease in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: Meta-analysis of randomized trials
Stettler, C., Allemann, S., Jüni, P., Cull, C. A., Holman, R. R., Egger, M., Krähenbühl, S., & Diem, P. (2006) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.09.015 · Cited by 468
Risk Factors and Incidence of Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery
Chu, C. J., Johnston, R. L., Buscombe, C., Sallam, A. B., Mohamed, Q., & Yang, Y. C. (2015) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.001 · Cited by 432
Home based exercise programme for knee pain and knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial
Thomas, K. S., Muir, K. R., Doherty, M., Jones, A. C., O’Reilly, S., & Bassey, E. J. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7367.752 · Cited by 425
Effect of Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) on Vertebral Fracture and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Greenspan, S. L., Bone, H. G., Mp, E., Da, H., Lindsay, R., Zanchetta, Blosch, C. M., Mathisen, A. L., Morris, S. A., Marriott, T. B., et al. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00005 · Cited by 449
Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women
Albert, X., Huertas, I., Pereiro, I., Sanfélix, J., Gosalbes, V., & Perrotta, C. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001209.pub2 · Cited by 419
Communication Interventions for Minimally Verbal Children With Autism: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial
Kasari, C., Kaiser, A., Goods, K., Nietfeld, J., Mathy, P., Landa, R., Murphy, S., & Almirall, D. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.01.019 · Cited by 415
The Comparative Safety of Analgesics in Older Adults With Arthritis
Solomon, D. H. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.391 · Cited by 409
Aspirin for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: safety and absolute benefit related to coronary risk derived from meta-analysis of randomised trials
Sanmuganathan, P. S., Ghahramani, P., Jackson, P. R., Wallis, E. J., & Ramsay, L. E. (2001) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.85.3.265 · Cited by 409
Use of single and combined antithrombotic therapy and risk of serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding: population based case-control study
Hallas, J., Dall, M., Andries, A., Andersen, B. S., Aalykke, C., Hansen, J. M., Andersen, M., & Lassen, A. T. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38947.697558.ae · Cited by 403
Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of RA
Nam, J., Winthrop, K., van Vollenhoven, R., Pavelka, K., Valesini, G., Hensor, E., Worthy, G., Landewé, R., Smolen, J., Emery, P., et al. (2010) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2009.126573 · Cited by 437
Analgesic Therapy in Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Hempenstall, K., Nurmikko, T. J., Johnson, R. W., A’Hern, R., & Rice, A. S. C. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020164 · Cited by 400
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA's safety review
Gunnell, D., Saperia, J., & Ashby, D. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7488.385 · Cited by 386
Osteoarthritis Prevalence Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Numbers-Needed-to-Treat Analysis
Luc, B., Gribble, P. A., & Pietrosimone, B. G. (2014) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.35 · Cited by 382
Patient-Reported Outcomes: The Example of Health-Related Quality of Life—a European Guidance Document for the Improved Integration of Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in the Drug Regulatory Process
For the European Regulatory Issues on Quality of Life Assessment Group, Chassany, O., Sagnier, P., Marquis, P., Fullerton, S., & Aaronson, N. K. (2002) · Drug Information Journal · doi:10.1177/009286150203600127 · Cited by 366
Suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: Maternal and pediatric health outcomes and costs
Bartick, M., Schwarz, E. B., Green, B. D., Jegier, B. J., Reinhold, A. G., Colaizy, T. T., Bogen, D. L., Schaefer, A. J., & Stuebe, A. M. (2016) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.12366 · Cited by 362
The YouthMood Project: a cluster randomized controlled trial of an online cognitive behavioral program with adolescents
Calear, A. L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Griffiths, K. M., & O'Kearney, R. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017391 · Cited by 327
Communicating the Uncertainty of Harms and Benefits of Medical Interventions
Politi, M. C., Han, P. K. J., & Col, N. F. (2007) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x07307270 · Cited by 364
Weight loss: the treatment of choice for knee osteoarthritis? A randomized trial
Christensen, R., Astrup, A. V., & Bliddal, H. (2004) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2004.10.008 · Cited by 340
Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, I: clinical trials
Collins, R., & MacMahon, S. W. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03651-5 · Cited by 341
Early prednisone therapy in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Ronkainen, J., Koskimies, O., Ala‐Houhala, M., Antikainen, M., Merenmies, J. M., Rajantie, J., Örmälä, T., Turtinen, J. K., & Nuutinen, M. (2006) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.03.024 · Cited by 335
Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and targeted intensive care on functional outcome after severe head injury*
Cremer, O., Dijk, G. V., van Wensen, E., Brekelmans, G., Moons, K., Leenen, L., & Kalkman, C. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000181300.99078.b5 · Cited by 147
Magnesium Sulfate in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
van den Bergh, W. M. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000160801.96998.57 · Cited by 324
Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale
Saposnik, G., Guzik, A. K., Reeves, M. J., Ovbiagele, B. I., & Johnston, S. C. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827b1ace · Cited by 318
Educational interventions for asthma in children
Wolf, F. M., Guevara, J. P., Grum, C. M., Clark, N. M., & Cates, C. J. (2002) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000326 · Cited by 303
Efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.
Lanctôt, K. L., Herrmann, N., Yau, K. K., Khan, L. R., Liu, B. A., Loulou, M., & Einarson, T. R. (2003) · PubMed Central · Cited by 303
Numbers needed to treat derived from meta-analyses---sometimes informative, usually misleading
Smeeth, L. L., Haines, A., & Ebrahim, S. B. J. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7197.1548 · Cited by 299
Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for prolonged non-specific cough in children and adults
Chang, A. B., Lasserson, T. J., Gaffney, J., Connor, F. L., & Garske, L. A. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004823.pub4 · Cited by 293
Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups: Results From the Randomized CREDENCE Trial
Mahaffey, K. W., Jardine, M. J., Bompoint, S., Cannon, C. P., Neal, B., Heerspink, H. J. L., Charytan, D. M., Edwards, R., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.042007 · Cited by 291
Does low self-esteem predict health compromising behaviours among adolescents?
McGee, R. O., & Williams, S. (2000) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2000.0344 · Cited by 293
Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death and Appropriate Shock in the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) Trial
Saxon, L. A., Bristow, M. R., BOEHMER, J. P., Krueger, S., Kass, D. A., Marco, T. D., Carson, P. E., DiCarlo, L. A., Feldman, A. M., Galle, E. G., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.642892 · Cited by 290
Bayesian random effects meta-analysis of trials with binary outcomes: methods for the absolute risk difference and relative risk scales
Warn, D. E., Thompson, S. G., & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1189 · Cited by 277
Antenatal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy in preterm infants less than 34 weeks' gestation: a systematic review and metaanalysis
Conde‐Agudelo, A., & Romero, R. J. (2009) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.005 · Cited by 284
Sequential Therapy or Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection
Gatta, L., Vakil, N. B., Leandro, G., Mario, F. D., & Vaira, D. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.555 · Cited by 273
Importance of Early Ischemic Computed Tomography Changes Using ASPECTS in NINDS rtPA Stroke Study
Demchuk, A. M., Hill, M. D., Barber, P. A., Silver, B., Patel, S. C., & Levine, S. R. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000181116.15426.58 · Cited by 268
Systematic Review of Postural Control and Lateral Ankle Instability, Part II: Is Balance Training Clinically Effective?
McKeon, P. O., & Hertel, J. N. (2008) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-43.3.305 · Cited by 269
Bright Light Treatment in Elderly Patients With Nonseasonal Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Lieverse, R., Van Someren, E. J. W., Nielen, M. M. A., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Smit, J. H., & Hoogendijk, W. J. G. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.183 · Cited by 261
School-based prevention for illicit drugs use: A systematic review
Faggiano, F., Vigna‐Taglianti, F., Versino, E., Zambon, A., Borraccino, A., & Lemma, P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.012 · Cited by 263
Number needed to treat and number needed to harm are not the best way to report and assess the results of randomised clinical trials
Hutton, J. L. (2009) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07707.x · Cited by 260
Randomised controlled trial of nitrofurantoin versus placebo in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adult women.
Christiaens, T. C. M., Meyere, M. D., Verschraegen, G., Peersman, W., Heytens, S., & Maeseneer, J. M. D. (2002) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 260
The effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program: 18-Month follow-up of the EU-Dap cluster randomized controlled trial
Faggiano, F., Vigna-Taglianti, F., Burkhart, G., Bohrn, K., Cuomo, L., Gregori, D., Panella, M., Scatigna, M., Siliquini, R., Varona, L., et al. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.018 · Cited by 249
Vaginal progesterone decreases preterm birth ≤ 34 weeks of gestation in women with a singleton pregnancy and a short cervix: an updated meta‐analysis including data from the OPPTIMUM study
Romero, R. J., Nicolaides, K. H., Conde‐Agudelo, A., O’Brien, J., Çetingöz, E., da Fonseca, E. B., Creasy, G. W., & Hassan, S. S. (2016) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.15953 · Cited by 263
Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Correll, C. U., Sheridan, E. M., & DelBello, M. P. (2010) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00798.x · Cited by 255
Analysing the relationship between treatment effect and underlying risk in meta-analysis: comparison and development of approaches
Sharp, S. J., & Thompson, S. G. (2000) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20001215)19:23 · Cited by 99
Self-citation
Walking to Work and the Risk for Hypertension in Men: The Osaka Health Survey
Hayashi, T., Tsumura, K., Suematsu, C., Okada, K., Fujii, S., & Endo, G. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00005 · Cited by 251
Principles of and Procedures for Systematic Reviews
Egger, M., & Smith, G. D. (2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470693926.ch2 · Cited by 255
Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces the occurrence of other allergic manifestations in children with cow's milk allergy: 3-year randomized controlled trial
Canani, R. B., Costanzo, M. D., Bedogni, G., Amoroso, A., Cosenza, L., Scala, C. D., Granata, V., & Nocerino, R. (2016) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.050 · Cited by 253
Simpson's paradox and calculation of number needed to treat from meta-analysis
Cates, C. J. (2002) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-2-1 · Cited by 251
Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy
Chamberlain, C., O'Mara-Eves, A., Oliver, S., Caird, J. R., Perlen, S. M., Eades, S. J., & Thomas, J. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001055.pub4 · Cited by 251
Efficacy of Antimanic Treatments: Meta-analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Yıldız, A., Vieta, E., Leucht, S., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.192 · Cited by 251
Current evidence for the management of ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic literature review for the ASAS/EULAR management recommendations in ankylosing spondylitis
Zochling, J., van der Heijde, D. M. F. M., Dougados, M., & Braun, J. (2005) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2005.041129 · Cited by 245
Total knee replacement and non-surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis: 2-year outcome from two parallel randomized controlled trials
Skou, S. T., Roos, E. M., Laursen, M. B., Rathleff, M. S., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., Rasmussen, S., & Simonsen, O. H. (2018) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.04.014 · Cited by 243
Outcomes of endoscopic surgery compared with open surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome among employed patients: randomised controlled trial
Atroshi, I., Larsson, G.-U., Ornstein, E., Hofer, M., Johnsson, R., & Ranstam, J. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38863.632789.1f · Cited by 233
Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting
Lee, A. S. Y., & Fan, L. T. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003281.pub3 · Cited by 234
Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine for the Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Peyrin‐Biroulet, L., Deltenre, P., Ardizzone, S., D’Haens, G., Hanauer, S. B., Herfarth, H. H., Lémann, M., & Colombel, J. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.301 · Cited by 233
Antibiotic prophylaxis for hernia repair.
Sánchez-Manuel, F. J., García, J. L., & Seco-Gil, J. L. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003769.pub4 · Cited by 232
Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials
Julious, S. (2009) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781584887409 · Cited by 102
Arthroscopic Compared with Open Repairs for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability
Lenters, T. R., Franta, A. K., Wolf, F. M., Leopold, S. S., & Matsen, F. A. (2007) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-200702000-00003 · Cited by 225
Meta-analysis of duloxetine vs. pregabalin and gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
Quilici, S., Chancellor, J. V. M., Löthgren, M., Simon, D., Saïd, G., Le, T. K., Garcia-Cebrian, A., & Monz, B. U. (2009) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-9-6 · Cited by 222
Supervised injectable heroin or injectable methadone versus optimised oral methadone as treatment for chronic heroin addicts in England after persistent failure in orthodox treatment (RIOTT): a randomised trial
Strang, J., Metrebian, N., Lintzeris, N., Potts, L. C., Carnwath, T., Mayet, S., Williams, H., ZADOR, D. A., Evers, R., Groshkova, T., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60349-2 · Cited by 222
Uncovered Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Refractory Ascites: A Meta-Analysis
D’Amico, G., Luca, A., Morabito, A., Miraglia, R., & D’Amico, M. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.07.031 · Cited by 221
Antibiotics for adults with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Young, J., Sutter, A. D., Merenstein, D., van Essen, G. A., Kaiser, L., Varonen, H., Williamson, I. G., & Bucher, H. C. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60416-x · Cited by 221

Authors: Altman, D. G.
Corresponding author: Altman, Douglas G
ORCID: Altman, Douglas G
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1998-11-07
Volume: 317
Issue: 7168
Pages: 1309-1312
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1309
PMC: PMC1114210
OpenAlex: W1982900907
Cited by: 938
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 19.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung function, FEV1, cardiac arrhythmias, risk prediction, Copenhagen City Heart Study
MeSH terms: Confidence Intervals, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sample Size, Risk Assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks