The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To investigate the association between early childhood infections and subsequent development of asthma. Design: Longitudinal birth cohort study. Setting: Five children's hospitals in five German cities. Participants: 1314 children born in 1990 followed from birth to the age of 7 years. Main outcome measures: Asthma and asthmatic symptoms assessed longitudinally by parental questionnaires; atopic sensitisation assessed longitudinally by determination of IgE concentrations to various allergens; bronchial hyperreactivity assessed by bronchial histamine challenge at age 7 years. Results: Compared with children with 1 episode of runny nose before the age of 1 year, those with 2 episodes were less likely to have a doctor's diagnosis of asthma at 7 years old (odds ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.92)) or to have wheeze at 7 years old (0.60 (0.38 to 0.94)), and were less likely to be atopic before the age of 5 years. Similarly, having 1 viral infection of the herpes type in the first 3 years of life was inversely associated with asthma at age 7 (odds ratio 0.48 (0.26 to 0.89)). Repeated lower respiratory tract infections in the first 3 years of life showed a positive association with wheeze up to the age of 7 years (odds ratio 3.37 (1.92 to 5.92) for 4 infections v 3 infections). Conclusion: Repeated viral infections other than lower respiratory tract infections early in life may reduce the risk of developing asthma up to school age.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899
MCHORNEY, C. A., JOHNE, W., & ANASTASIAE, R. (1993) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006 · Cited by 6,681
Hay fever, hygiene, and household size.
Strachan, D. P. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6710.1259 · Cited by 5,054
Development of a fatigue scale
Chalder, T., Berelowitz, G., Pawlikowska, T., Watts, L., Wessely, S., Wright, D., & Wallace, E. P. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-p · Cited by 3,032 · cited 1×
“5 17 The mechanisms by which certain viral infections may protect against the development of asthma are not known.”
BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years
Stein, R. T., Sherrill, D., Morgan, W. J., Holberg, C. J., Halonen, M., Taussig, L. M., Wright, A. L., & Martinez, F. D. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)10321-5 · Cited by 1,633
A scale for the estimation of sleep problems in clinical research
Jenkins, C. D., Stanton, B.-A., Niemcryk, S. J., & Rose, R. M. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90138-2 · Cited by 1,203
A report—Chronic fatigue syndrome: Guidelines for research
Sharpe, M. C. (1991) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689108400224 · Cited by 1,026
Siblings, Day-Care Attendance, and the Risk of Asthma and Wheezing during Childhood
Ball, T. M., Castro-Rodriguez, J. A., Griffith, K. A., Holberg, C. J., Martinez, F. D., & Wright, A. L. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200008243430803 · Cited by 950
Whitley, R. J., & Roizman, B. (2002) · Wiley Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/0471203076.emm0597 · Cited by 700
Cited by
Role of deficient type III interferon-λ production in asthma exacerbations
Contoli, M., Message, S. D., Laza-Stanca, V., Edwards, M. R., Wark, P. A. B., Bartlett, N. W., Kebadze, T., Mallia, P., Stanciu, L. A., Parker, H. L., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1462 · Cited by 1,006
Respiratory Viral Infections in Infants: Causes, Clinical Symptoms, Virology, and Immunology
Tregoning, J. S., & Schwarze, J. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00032-09 · Cited by 747
Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing
Lemanske, R. F., Jackson, D. J., Gangnon, R. E., Evans, M. D., Li, Z., Shult, P. A., Kirk, C. J., Reisdorf, E., Roberg, K. A., Anderson, E. L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.024 · Cited by 735
The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review
Gralton, J., Tovey, E., McLaws, M.-L., & Rawlinson, W. D. (2011) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010 · Cited by 665
The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases
Noverr, M. C., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02379.x · Cited by 394
Metadata
- Authors
- Illi, S., Mutius, E. V., Lau, S., Bergmann, R., Niggemann, B., Sommerfeld, C., & Wahn, U.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-02-17
- Volume
- 322
- Issue
- 7283
- Pages
- 390-395
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W1973720627
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 32.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/bmj.322.7283.390
- The paper
- Illi, S., Mutius, E. V., Lau, S., Bergmann, R., Niggemann, B., Sommerfeld, C., & Wahn, U. (2001). Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7283.390
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
