The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases

Noverr, M. C.; Huffnagle, G. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02379.x

Cited by 394Gut microbiota and healthAsthma and respiratory diseasesFood Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research

The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases

Open access

Noverr, M. C., Huffnagle, G. B.·2005·Clinical & Experimental Allergy

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02379.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Summary: Increasingly, epidemiologic and clinical data support the hypothesis that perturbations in the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota because of antibiotic use and dietary differences in ‘industrialized’ countries have disrupted the normal microbiota‐mediated mechanisms of immunological tolerance in the mucosa, leading to an increase in the incidence of allergic airway disease. The data supporting this ‘microflora hypothesis’ includes correlations between allergic airway disease and (1) antibiotic use early in life, (2) altered fecal microbiota and (3) dietary changes over the past two decades. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that mice can develop allergic airway responses to allergens if their endogenous microbiota is altered at the time of first allergen exposure. These experimental and clinical observations are consistent with other studies demonstrating that the endogenous microbiota plays a significant role in shaping the development of the immune system. Data are beginning to accumulate that a ‘balanced’ microbiota plays a positive role in maintaining mucosal immunologic tolerance long after post‐natal development. Other studies have demonstrated that even small volumes delivered to the nasopharynx largely end up in the GI tract, suggesting that airway tolerance and oral tolerance may operate simultaneously. The mechanism of microbiota modulation of host immunity is not known; however, host and microbial oxylipins are one potential set of immunomodulatory molecules that may control mucosal tolerance. The cumulative data are beginning to support the notion that probiotic and prebiotic strategies be considered for patients coming off of antibiotic therapy.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02379.x

Cites

197 of 197 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Several epidemiological studies have shown a clear inverse link between early exposure to microorganisms and the incidence of asthma, referred to as the hygiene hypothesis.
“Several epidemiological studies have shown a clear inverse link between early exposure to microorganisms and the incidence of asthma, referring to this phenomenon as the “hygiene hypothesis” [79] .”
From Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis (2014) · cites this paper as [79]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Hay fever, hygiene, and household size.
Strachan, D. P. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6710.1259 · Cited by 5,054 · see citing works
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods
Asher, M., Keil, U., Anderson, H., Beasley, R., Crane, J., Martinez, F., Mitchell, E., Pearce, N., Sibbald, B., Stewart, A., et al. (1995) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.95.08030483 · Cited by 3,724 · see citing works
The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3
Bennett, C. L., Christie, J., Ramsdell, F., Brunkow, M., Ferguson, P., Whitesell, L., Kelly, T., Saulsbury, F., Chance, P., & Ochs, H. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/83713 · Cited by 3,576 · see citing works
The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases.
Bach, J. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra020100 · Cited by 2,714 · see citing works
Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria
Rescigno, M., Urbano, M., Valzasina, B., Francolini, M., Rotta, G., Bonasio, R., Granucci, F., Kraehenbuhl, J.-P., & Ricciardi‐Castagnoli, P. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/86373 · Cited by 2,554 · see citing works
Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Kalliomäki, M. A., Salminen, S., Arvilommi, H. S., Kero, P. O., Koskinen, P. J., & Isolauri, E. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04259-8 · Cited by 2,434 · see citing works
Toll Pathway-Dependent Blockade of CD4+CD25+ T Cell-Mediated Suppression by Dendritic Cells
Pasare, C., & Medzhitov, R. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078231 · Cited by 2,327 · see citing works
The European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Burney, P., Luczynska, C. M., Chinn, S., & Jarvis, D. (1994) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.94.07050954 · Cited by 1,999 · see citing works
Preferential Localization of Effector Memory Cells in Nonlymphoid Tissue
Masopust, D., Vezys, V., Marzo, A. L., & Lefrançois, L. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058867 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy
Wildin, R. S., Ramsdell, F., Peake, J., Faravelli, F., Casanova, J., Buist, N. R. M., Levy‐Lahad, E., Mazzella, M., Goulet, O., Perroni, L., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/83707 · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee.
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 1,865 · see citing works
Natural products and plant disease resistance
Dixon, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35081178 · Cited by 1,796 · see citing works
Surveillance for asthma--United States, 1980-1999.
Mannino, D. M., Homa, D. M., Akinbami, L. J., Moorman, J. E., Gwynn, C., & Redd, S. C. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 1,699 · see citing works
Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system
Macpherson, A. J., & Harris, N. L. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1373 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Induction of Interleukin 10–Producing, Nonproliferating Cd4+ T Cells with Regulatory Properties by Repetitive Stimulation with Allogeneic Immature Human Dendritic Cells
Jonuleit, H., Schmitt, E., Schuler, G., Knop, J., & Enk, A. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.9.1213 · Cited by 1,538 · see citing works
Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin
Gibson, G. R., Beatty, E. R., Wang, X., & Cummings, J. H. (1995) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)90192-2 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
Resident Enteric Bacteria Are Necessary for Development of Spontaneous Colitis and Immune System Activation in Interleukin-10-Deficient Mice
Sellon, R. K., Tonkonogy, S., Schultz, M., Dieleman, L. A., Grenther, W., Balish, E., Rennick, D. M., & Sartor, R. B. (1998) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.66.11.5224-5231.1998 · Cited by 1,483 · see citing works
Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Kalliomäki, M. A., Salminen, S., Poussa, T. A., Arvilommi, H. S., & Isolauri, E. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13490-3 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Distinct patterns of neonatal gut microflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing
Kalliomäki, M., Kirjavainen, P., Eerola, E., Kero, P., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.111237 · Cited by 1,255 · see citing works
Allergy development and the intestinal microflora during the first year of life
Björkstén, B., Sepp, E., Julge, K., Voor, T., & Mikelsaar, M. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.118130 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
Pulmonary dendritic cells producing IL-10 mediate tolerance induced by respiratory exposure to antigen
Akbari, O., DeKruyff, R. H., & Umetsu, D. T. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/90667 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
The Induction of Tolerance by Dendritic Cells That Have Captured Apoptotic Cells
Steinman, R. M., Turley, S. J., Mellman, I., & Inaba, K. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.191.3.411 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced, Toll-like Receptor 4–dependent T Helper Cell Type 2 Responses to Inhaled Antigen
Eisenbarth, S. C., Piggott, D. A., Huleatt, J. W., Visintin, I., Herrick, C. A., & Bottomly, K. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20021340 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
The germfree state prevents development of gut and joint inflammatory disease in HLA-B27 transgenic rats.
Taurog, J. D., Richardson, J. A., Croft, J. T., Simmons, W. A., Zhou, M., FERNÁNDEZ-SUEIRO, J. L., Balish, E., & Hammer, R. E. (1994) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.180.6.2359 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction
Sudo, N., Sawamura, S., Tanaka, K., Aiba, Y., Kubo, C., & Koga, Y. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1739 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body
Reinhardt, R. L., Khoruts, A., Merica, R., Zell, T., & Jenkins, M. K. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35065111 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Mechanisms of suppression by suppressor T cells
von Boehmer, H. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1180 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema
Isolauri, E., Arvola, T., Sütas, Y., Moilanen, E., & Salminen, S. (2000) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00943.x · Cited by 977 · see citing works
JM2, encoding a fork head–related protein, is mutated in X-linked autoimmunity–allergic disregulation syndrome
Chatila, T. A., Blaeser, F., Ho, N. Y., Lederman, H. M., Voulgaropoulos, C., Helms, C., & Bowcock, A. M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci11679 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Probiotics: A novel approach in the management of food allergy
Majamaa, H., & Isolauri, E. (1997) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70093-9 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2‐year‐old children
Björkstén, Naaber, P., Sepp, & Mikelsaar (1999) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00560.x · Cited by 927 · see citing works
Candida and candidiasis.
Calderone, R. (2012) · ASM Press eBooks · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Effect of antimicrobial agents on the ecological balance of human microflora
Sullivan, Å., Edlund, C., & Nord, C. E. (2001) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00066-4 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
The germless theory of allergic disease: revisiting the hygiene hypothesis
Wills-Karp, M. A., Santeliz, J., & Karp, C. L. (2001) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/35095579 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Essential Role of Lung Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Preventing Asthmatic Reactions to Harmless Inhaled Antigen
de Heer, H. J., Hammad, H., Soullié, T., Hijdra, D., Vos, N., Willart, M. A. M., Hoogsteden, H. C., & Lambrecht, B. N. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20040035 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Relation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell suppression of allergen-driven T-cell activation to atopic status and expression of allergic disease
Ling, E. M., Smith, T. R. F., Nguyen, X. D., Pridgeon, C., Dallman, M. J., Arbery, J., Carr, V. A., & Robinson, D. S. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15592-x · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Intestinal microflora in early infancy: composition and development
Fanaro, S., Chierici, R., Guerrini, P., & Vigi, V. (2003) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00646.x · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Induction of anergy or active suppression following oral tolerance is determined by antigen dosage.
Friedman, A., & Weiner, H. L. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6688 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Conversion by Peyer's Patch Lymphocytes of Human Enterocytes into M Cells that Transport Bacteria
Kernéis, S. M., Bogdanova, A. A., Kraehenbühl, J.-P., & Pringault, E. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.949 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Effect of probiotic strains in children with atopic dermatitis
Rosenfeldt, V., Benfeldt, E., Nielsen, S. D., Michaelsen, K. F., Jeppesen, D. L., Valerius, N. H., & Pærregaard, A. (2003) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2003.389 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Asthma: an epidemic of dysregulated immunity
Umetsu, D. T., McIntire, J. J., Akbari, O., Macaubas, C., & DeKruyff, R. H. (2002) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0802-715 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Critical Roles of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase in the Homeostasis of Gut Flora
Fagarasan, S., Muramatsu, M., Suzuki, K., Nagaoka, H., Hiai, H., & Honjo, T. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1077336 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum‐sensing molecule influences Candida albicans morphology
Hogan, D. A., Vik, Å., & Kolter, R. (2004) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04349.x · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children
Peat, J. K., Berg, R., GREEN, W. F., Mellis, C. M., Leeder, S., & Woolcock, A. J. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6944.1591 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
A Novel Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mice Deficient for the Multiple Drug Resistance Gene, mdr1a, Spontaneously Develop Colitis
Panwala, C. M., Jones, J. C., & Viney, J. L. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5733 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study
Illi, S., von Mutius, E., Lau, S., Bergmann, R., Niggemann, B., Sommerfeld, C., & Wahn, U. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7283.390 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Bacterial contributions to mammalian gut development
Hooper, L. (2004) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.01.001 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Atopy in children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle
Alm, J. S., Swartz, J., Lilja, G., Scheynius, A., & Pershagen, G. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)09344-1 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Suppression of airway eosinophilia by killed Mycobacterium vaccae-induced allergen-specific regulatory T-cells
Zuany‐Amorim, C., Sawicka, E., Manlius, C., Moine, A. L., Brunet, L. R., Kemeny, D. M., Bowen, G., Rook, G. A. W., & Walker, C. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0602-625 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Inhibition of Experimental Drug Allergy by Prior Feeding of the Sensitizing Agent
Chase, M. W. (1946) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-61-15294p · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Does the microbiota regulate immune responses outside the gut?
Noverr, M. C., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2004) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.10.008 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citation
Anti‐inflammatory effects of sodium butyrate on human monocytes: potent inhibition of IL‐12 and up‐regulation of IL‐10 production
Säemann, M. D., Böhmig, G. A., Österreicher, C. H., BURTSCHER, H. J., Parolini, O., Diakos, C., Stöckl, J., Hörl, W. H., & Zlabinger, G. J. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0359fje · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Identification of Multiple Isolated Lymphoid Follicles on the Antimesenteric Wall of the Mouse Small Intestine
Hamada, H., Hiroi, T., Nishiyama, Y., Takahashi, H., Masunaga, Y., Hachimura, S., Kaminogawa, S., Takahashi‐Iwanaga, H., Iwanaga, T., Kiyono, H., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.57 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Viljanen, M., Savilahti, E., Haahtela, T., Juntunen‐Backman, K., Korpela, R., Poussa, T. A., Tuure, T., & Kuitunen, M. (2004) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00514.x · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Prevalence and etiology of asthma
Beasley, R. W., Crane, J., Lai, C. K. W., & Pearce, N. E. (2000) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90044-7 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Dendritic cells as a tool to induce anergic and regulatory T cells
Jonuleit, H., Schmitt, E., Steinbrink, K., & Enk, A. (2001) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01952-4 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Broad and complex antifungal activity among environmental isolates of lactic acid bacteria
Magnusson, J., StrÃ¶m, K., Roos, S., SjÃ¶gren, J., & SchnÃ¼rer, J. (2003) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(02)01207-7 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
The Leukotriene C4 Transporter MRP1 Regulates CCL19 (MIP-3β, ELC)–Dependent Mobilization of Dendritic Cells to Lymph Nodes
Robbiani, D. F., Finch, R. A., Jäger, D., Müller, W. A., Sartorelli, A. C., & Randolph, G. J. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00179-3 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Activation of CD25+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells by Oral Antigen Administration
Zhang, X., Izikson, L., Liu, L., & Weiner, H. L. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4245 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Induction of immunological paralysis in two zones of dosage
Mitchison, N. A. (1964) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1964.0093 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of myelin basic protein and its fragments.
Higgins, P. J., & Weiner, H. L. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.140.2.440 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Differences in fecal microflora between patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy control subjects
Watanabe, S., NARISAWA, Y., Arase, S., OKAMATSU, H., Ikenaga, T., Tajiri, Y., & Kumemura, M. (2003) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2003.105 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and the generation of Th3-type TGF-beta-secreting regulatory cells
Weiner, H. L. (2001) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01456-3 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling by Intestinal Microbes Influences Susceptibility to Food Allergy
Bashir, M. E. H., Louie, S., Shi, H. N., & Nagler‐Anderson, C. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6978 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Early childhood infection and atopic disorder
Farooqi, I. S., & Hopkin, J. M. (1998) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.53.11.927 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Aberrant composition of gut microbiota of allergic infants: a target of bifidobacterial therapy at weaning?
Kirjavainen, P. V., Arvola, T., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2002) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.51.1.51 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Suppression of type II collagen-induced arthritis by intragastric administration of soluble type II collagen.
Nagler‐Anderson, C., Bober, L. A., Robinson, M. E., Siskind, G. W., & Thorbecke, G. J. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7443 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Distribution of intranasal instillations in mice: effects of volume, time, body position, and anesthesia
Southam, D. S., DOLOVICH, M. B., O’Byrne, P. M., & Inman, M. D. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00173.2001 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Toll-like receptors and dendritic cells: for whom the bug tolls
Sousa, C. R. E. (2004) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.004 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
To respond or not to respond: T cells in allergic asthma
Herrick, C. A., & Bottomly, K. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1084 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Role of Antibiotics and Fungal Microbiota in Driving Pulmonary Allergic Responses
Noverr, M. C., Noggle, R. M., Toews, G. B., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.9.4996-5003.2004 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Self-citation
Antifungal 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids from Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB14
Sjögren, J., Magnusson, J., Broberg, A., Schnürer, J., & Kenne, L. (2003) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.69.12.7554-7557.2003 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Expanding Dendritic Cells In Vivo Enhances the Induction of Oral Tolerance
Viney, J. L., Mowat, A. M., O’Malley, J. M., Williamson, E., & Fanger, N. A. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.12.5815 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Oral tolerance in humans. T cell but not B cell tolerance after antigen feeding.
Husby, S., Mestecky, J. F., Moldoveanu, Z., Holland, S., & Elson, C. O. (1994) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4663 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A Protease-Activated Pathway Underlying Th Cell Type 2 Activation and Allergic Lung Disease
Kheradmand, F., Kiss, A., Xu, J., Lee, S., Kolattukudy, P. E., & Corry, D. B. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5904 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Does the use of antibiotics in early childhood increase the risk of asthma and allergic disease?
Droste, J. H. J., Wieringa, M. H., Weyler, J., Nelen, V., Vermeire, P. A., & Bever, H. P. V. (2000) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00939.x · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Cutting Edge: CpG Oligonucleotides Induce Splenic CD19+ Dendritic Cells to Acquire Potent Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Dependent T Cell Regulatory Functions via IFN Type 1 Signaling
Mellor, A. L., Baban, B., Chandler, P., Manlapat, A., Kahler, D. J., & Munn, D. H. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.5601 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Localization of gamma/delta T cells to the intestinal epithelium is independent of normal microbial colonization.
Bandeira, A., Mota‐Santos, T. A., Itohara, S., Degermann, S., Heusser, C., Tonegawa, S., & Coutinho, A. (1990) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.172.1.239 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Differential effects of short-chain fatty acids on proliferation and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by cultured lymphocytes
Cavaglieri, C. R., Nishiyama, A., Fernandes, L. C., Curi, R., Miles, E. A., & Calder, P. C. (2003) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00490-9 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Development of Allergic Airway Disease in Mice following Antibiotic Therapy and Fungal Microbiota Increase: Role of Host Genetics, Antigen, and Interleukin-13
Noverr, M. C., Falkowski, N. R., McDonald, R. A., McKenzie, A. N. J., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.1.30-38.2005 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citation
Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease: A birth cohort study with the West Midlands General Practice Research Database
McKeever, T. M., Lewis, S., Smith, C., Collins, J. S., Heatlie, H., Frischer, M., & Hubbard, R. (2002) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121016 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Differences in Bifidobacterium flora composition in allergic and healthy infants
Ouwehand, A. C., Isolauri, E., He, F., Hashimoto, H., Benno, Y., & Salminen, S. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.115754 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Intergenerational 20 year trends in the prevalence of asthma and hay fever in adults: the Midspan family study surveys of parents and offspring
Upton, M. N. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7253.88 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Antibiotic use in early childhood and the development of asthma
WICKENS, Pearce, N. E., Crane, & Beasley, R. W. (1999) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00536.x · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Probiotic Bacteria in the Management of Atopic Disease: Underscoring the Importance of Viability
Kirjavainen, P. V., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200302000-00012 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
The response of the lymphatic tissue to the microbial flora. Studies on germfree mice.
Bauer, H., Horowitz, R. E., Levenson, S. Μ., & Pópper, H. (1963) · PubMed Central · Cited by 257 · see citing works
In Vivo Modulation of Cytolytic Activity and Thy-1 Expression In TCR-γδ + Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Lefrançois, L., & Goodman, T. G. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2564701 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Microflora‐associated characteristics in faeces from allergic and nonallergic infants
Böttcher, M. F., Nordin, E. K., Sandin, A., Midtvedt, T., & Björkstén, B. (2000) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00982.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Regulation of Candida albicans Morphogenesis by Fatty Acid Metabolites
Noverr, M. C., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.11.6206-6210.2004 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pathogenic Yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans Produce Immunomodulatory Prostaglandins
Noverr, M. C., Phare, S. M., Toews, G. B., Coffey, M., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2001) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.69.5.2957-2963.2001 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citation
Antioxidant Intake in Pregnancy in Relation to Wheeze and Eczema in the First Two Years of Life
Martindale, S., McNeill, G., Devereux, G. S., Campbell, D. M., Russell, G., & Seaton, A. (2004) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200402-220oc · Cited by 249 · see citing works
The Intestinal Chemokine Thymus-expressed Chemokine (CCL25) Attracts IgA Antibody-secreting Cells
Bowman, E. P., Kuklin, N. A., Youngman, K. R., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20010670 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes
Noverr, M. C., Erb‐Downward, J. R., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2003) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.16.3.517-533.2003 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citation
The dendritic cell: its role in intestinal inflammation and relationship with gut bacteria
Stagg, A. J., Hart, A. L., Knight, S. C., & Kamm, M. A. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.10.1522 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Comparison of mucosal adhesion and species identification of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy and allergic infants
He, F., Ouwehand, A. C., Isolauri, E., Hashimoto, H., Benno, Y., & Salminen, S. (2001) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb01548.x · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Defective suppression of Th2 cytokines by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in birch allergics during birch pollen season
Grindebacke, H., Wing, K., Andersson, A., Suri‐Payer, E., Rak, S., & Rudin, A. (2004) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02067.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Viral-induced T helper type 1 responses enhance allergic disease by effects on lung dendritic cells
Dahl, M. E., Dabbagh, K., Liggitt, D., Kim, S. H., & Lewis, D. B. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1041 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of oral tolerance
Mayer, L., & Shao, L. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1370 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Frequency of infections and risk of asthma, atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness in children
von Mutius, E., Illi, S., Hirsch, T., et al. (1999) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14a03.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Intestinal Colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish Hospital‐Delivered Infants
Adlerberth, I., Carlsson, B., de Man, P., Jalil, F., Khan, S. R., Larsson, P., Mellander, L., Svanborg, C., Wold, A. E., & Hanson, L. Å. (1991) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11917.x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Initiation of NALT Organogenesis Is Independent of the IL-7R, LTβR, and NIK Signaling Pathways but Requires the Id2 Gene and CD3−CD4+CD45+ Cells
Fukuyama, S., Hiroi, T., Yokota, Y., Rennert, P. D., Yanagita, M., Kinoshita, N., Terawaki, S., Shikina, T., Yamamoto, M., Kurono, Y., et al. (2002) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00339-4 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Role of regulatory T cells in allergy and asthma
Akbari, O., Stock, P., DeKruyff, R. H., & Umetsu, D. T. (2003) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2003.09.012 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Human CD4+CD25+ T cells derived from the majority of atopic donors are able to suppress TH1 and TH2 cytokine production
Bellinghausen, I., Klostermann, B., Knop, J., & Saloga, J. (2003) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2003.1412 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Early allergen exposure, skin prick responses, and atopic wheeze at age 5 in English children: a cohort study
Cullinan, P. (2004) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2003.019877 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora as a prospective treatment target in infant allergic disease
Kirjavainen, P. V., Apostolou, E., Arvola, T., Salminen, S., Gibson, G. R., & Isolauri, E. (2001) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb00526.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Prenatal lipopolysaccharide‐exposure prevents allergic sensitization and airway inflammation, but not airway responsiveness in a murine model of experimental asthma
Blümer, N., Herz, U., Wegmann, M., & Renz, H. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02184.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Prospective evaluation of effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on gastrointestinal yeast colonization of humans
Samonis, G., Gikas, A. I., Anaissie, E. J., Vrenzos, G., Maraki, S., Tselentis, Y., & Bodey, G. P. (1993) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.37.1.51 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
IgA Class Switch Occurs in the Organized Nasopharynx- and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, but Not in the Diffuse Lamina Propria of Airways and Gut
Shikina, T., Hiroi, T., Iwatani, K., Jang, M. H., Fukuyama, S., Tamura, M., Kubo, T., Ishikawa, H., & Kiyono, H. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Cigarette Smoking and Disturbance of Menstrual Function
Hornsby, P. P., Wilcox, A. J., & Weinberg, C. R. (1998) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199803000-00016 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Normal microflora: an introduction to microbes inhabiting the human body
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2722 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Intake of trans fatty acids and prevalence of childhood asthma and allergies in Europe
Weiland, S. K., von Mutius, E., HiJsing, A., & Asher, M. I. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01609-8 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Structure of the intestinal flora responsible for development of the gut immune systemin a rodent model
Umesaki, Y., & Setoyama, H. (2000) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01288-0 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
THE ECOLOGY OF THE HUMAN INTESTINE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR OVERGROWTH BY PATHOGENS SUCH AS CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
Waaij, V. D. (1989) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.43.100189.000441 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Immune and Clinical Impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Asthma
Wheeler, J. G., Shema, S. J., Bogle, M. L., Shirrell, M. A., Burks, A. W., Pittler, A., & Helm, R. M. (1997) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63007-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Physiological and Anti‐Inflammatory Roles of Dietary Fiber and Butyrate in Intestinal Functions
Andoh, A., Bamba, T., & Sasaki, M. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300518 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Production of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes by Pathogenic Fungi
Noverr, M. C., Toews, G. B., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2002) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.70.1.400-402.2002 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citation
Microbial Colonization Drives Lymphocyte Accumulation and Differentiation in the Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Peyer’s Patches
Yamanaka, T., Helgeland, L., Farstad, I. N., Fukushima, H., Midtvedt, T., & Brandtzæg, P. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.816 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Lack of Association between Antibiotic Use in the First Year of Life and Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, or Eczema at Age 5 Years
Celedon, J. C., Litonjua, A. A., RYAN, L. M., Weiss, S. T., & Gold, D. R. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2109074 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
CD4+ but not CD8+T cells are required for the induction of oral tolerance
Garside, P., Steel, M., Liew, F. Y., et al. (1995) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/7.3.501 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Suppression of Asthma-like Responses in Different Mouse Strains by Oral Tolerance
Russo, M., Nahori, M., Lefort, J., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.24.5.4320 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Oral Administration of Probiotic Escherichia coli after Birth Reduces Frequency of Allergies and Repeated Infections Later in Life (after 10 and 20 Years)
Lodinová‐Žádníková, R., Cukrowská, B., & Tlaskalová‐Hogenová, H. (2003) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000071488 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Infections, medication use, and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in childhood
Cohet, C., Cheng, S., MacDonald, C., Baker, M., Foliaki, S., Huntington, N., Douwes, J. E., & Pearce, N. E. (2004) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2003.019182 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan.
GERRARD, J. W., Geddes, C., Reggin, P. L., Cd, G., & Horne, S. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Antibiotic exposure in early infancy and risk for childhood atopy
Johnson, C. C., Ownby, D. R., Alford, S. H., Havstad, S. L., Williams, L. K., Zoratti, E. M., Peterson, E. L., & Joseph, C. L. M. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.020 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Inducible lymphoid tissues in the adult gut: recapitulation of a fetal developmental pathway?
Eberl, G. (2005) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1600 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
New therapeutic strategy for combating the increasing burden of allergic disease: Probiotics—A Nutrition, Allergy, Mucosal Immunology and Intestinal Microbiota (NAMI) Research Group report
Rautava, S., Kalliomäki, M. A., & Isolauri, E. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.010 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
An oral introduction of intestinal bacteria prevents the development of a long‐term Th2‐skewed immunological memory induced by neonatal antibiotic treatment in mice
Sudo, N., Yu, X.-N., Aiba, Y., Oyama, N., Sonoda, J., Koga, Y., & Kubo, C. (2002) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01430.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Intestinal microbiota and immunoglobulin E responses in 5‐year‐old Estonian children
Sepp, E., Julge, K., Mikelsaar, M., & Björkstén, B. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02315.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Endotoxins prevent murine IgE production, TH2 immune responses, and development of airway eosinophilia but not airway hyperreactivity
Gerhold, K., Blümchen, K., Bock, A., Seib, C., Stock, P., Kallinich, T., Löhning, M., Wahn, U., & Hamelmann, E. H. (2002) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2002.125831 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Phenotypic and Functional Evidence for the Primary Role of Peripheral Node Addressin in Naive Lymphocyte Adhesion to High Endothelial Venules in a Mucosal Site
Smith, K. C., Jutila, M. A., & Pascual, D. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1382 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Antibiotic use in the first year of life and asthma in early childhood
Celedon, J. C., Fuhlbrigge, A. L., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Weiss, S. T., & FINKELSTEIN, J. A. (2004) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01994.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
An anthroposophic lifestyle and intestinal microflora in infancy
Alm, J. S., Swartz, J., Björkstén, B., Engstrand, L. G., Engström, J., Kühn, I., Lilja, G., Möllby, R., Norin, E. L., Pershagen, G., et al. (2002) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3038.2002.01062.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in human health.
Orrhage, K., & Ce, N. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Lactobacilli and the Normal Human Anaerobic Microflora
Lidbeck, A., & Nord, C. E. (1993) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/16.supplement_4.s181 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Different pathways of differentiation of pre-B cell lines are induced by dendritic cells and T cells from different lymphoid tissues
Spalding, D. M. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90472-1 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Intestinal inflammation in children with atopic eczema: faecal eosinophil cationic protein and tumour necrosis factor‐α as non‐invasive indicators of food allergy
Majamaa, H., Miettinen, A., Laine, S., et al. (1996) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00078.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Distinct Pattern of Commensal Gut Microbiota in Toddlers with Eczema
Mah, K. W., Björkstén, B., Lee, B. W., Bever, H. P. V., Shek, L. P., Tan, T. N., Lee, Y. K., & Chua, K. Y. (2006) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000092555 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Effect of broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics on composition of intestinal microflora of humans
Giuliano, M., Barza, M. J., Jacobus, N. V., & Gorbach, S. L. (1987) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.31.2.202 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Vegetable Consumption and Risk of Chronic Disease
Vecchia, C. L., Decarli, A., & Pagano, R. (1998) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199803000-00019 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
n‐Butyrate downregulates the stimulatory function of peripheral blood‐derived antigen‐presenting cells: a potential mechanism for modulating T‐cell responses by short‐chain fatty acids
Böhmig, G. A., Krieger, P.-M., Säemann, M. D., Wenhardt, C., Pohanka, E., & Zlabinger, G. J. (1997) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00337.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Message from a human gut symbiont: sensitivity is a prerequisite for sharing
Xu, J. (2003) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2003.11.007 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
Shah, A. A. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Role of the gut microflora in metabolism of lipids and sterols
Eyssen, H. (1973) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19730016 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
In Vivo Characterization of the Murine Intranasal Model for Assessing the Immunogenicity of AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Strains as Live Mucosal Vaccines and as Live Vectors
Pickett, T. E., Pasetti, M. F., Galen, J. E., et al. (2000) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.68.1.205-213.2000 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Analysis of the intestinal microflora using molecular methods
Tannock, G. W. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601661 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Insulin in Oral Immune “Tolerance”: A One-Amino Acid Change in the B Chain Makes the Difference
Homann, D., Dyrberg, T., Petersen, J. S., et al. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1833 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Biohydrogenation of sterols and fatty acids by the intestinal microflora
Eyssen, H., & Parmentier, G. G. (1974) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/27.11.1329 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Failure of Oral Tolerance Induction is Functionally Coupled to the Absence of T Cells in Peyer's Patches under Germfree Conditions
Maeda, Y. (2001) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1078/0171-2985-00054 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Perspectives in asthma: Molecular use of microbial products in asthma prevention and treatment
Racila, D. M., & Kline, J. N. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.050 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Airway dendritic cells: Co‐ordinators of immunological homeostasis and immunity in the respiratory tract
Stumbles, P. A., Upham, J. W., & Holt, P. G. (2003) · Apmis · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.11107806.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Intranasal Immunotherapy Is More Effective Than Intradermal Immunotherapy for the Induction of Airway Allergen Tolerance in Th2-Sensitized Mice
Takabayashi, K., Libet, L., Chisholm, D., Zubeldia, J. M., & Horner, A. A. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3898 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease
Charlesworth, E. N. (2003) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-003-0086-6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
In vitro studies on colonization resistance of the human gut microbiota to Candida albicans and the effects of tetracycline and Lactobacillus plantarum LPK.
Payne, S., Gibson, G. R., Wynne, A. G., Hudspith, B. N., Brostoff, J., & Tuohy, K. M. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Give us this day our daily germs.
Rook, G. A. W., & Brunet, L. R. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Impact of cefoperazone therapy on fecal flora
Mulligan, M. E., Citron, D. M., McNamara, B. T., et al. (1982) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.22.2.226 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Asthma, oxidant stress, and diet
Greene, L. S. (1999) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00209-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c+ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice
Adams, V., Hunt, J. R. F., Martinelli, R., Palmer, R., Rook, G. A. W., & Brunet, L. R. (2004) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200324659 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Control of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Regulatory T cells
Asseman, C., Fowler, S., & Powrie, F. M. (2000) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_3.15tac9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dendritic cells and immune responses to orally administered antigens
Mowat, A. M. (2004) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.008 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Early antibiotic treatment and later asthma.
Wjst, M., Hoelscher, B., Frye, C., Wichmann, H. ‐., Dold, S., & Heinrich, J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Oral Tolerance
SMITH, K. M., Eaton, A. D., FINLAYSON, L. M., & Garside, P. (2000) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_3.15tac7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Intragastric administration of Mycobacterium vaccae inhibits severe pulmonary allergic inflammation in a mouse model
Hunt, J. R. F., Martinelli, R., Adams, V., Rook, G. A. W., & Brunet, L. R. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02239.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Prevention of lung eosinophilic inflammation by oral tolerance
Russo, M., Jancar, S., de Siqueira, A. L. P., et al. (1998) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00155-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Atopic sensitization and atopic dermatitis in Estonian and Swedish infants
Voor, T., Julge, K., Böttcher, M. F., et al. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02157.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Old friends for breakfast
Rook, G. A. W., & Brunet, L. R. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02112.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Early‐life exposure to antibacterials and the subsequent development of hayfever in childhood in the UK: case–control studies using the General Practice Research Database and the Doctors' Independent Network
Bremner, S. A., Carey, I. M., DeWilde, S., Richards, N., Maier, W. C., Hilton, S. R., Strachan, D. P., & Cook, D. G. (2003) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01794.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Oral Tolerance in a Murine Model of Asthma
Chung, Y. (2002) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1078/0171-2985-00190 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Tissue distribution of radioactivity following intranasal administration of radioactive microspheres
Eyles, J. E., Spiers, I. D., Williamson, E. D., & Alpar, H. O. (2001) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/0022357011775929 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Suppression of allergen reactive Th2 mediated responses and pulmonary eosinophilia by intranasal administration of an immunodominant peptide is linked to IL-10 production
Hall, G., Houghton, C. G., Rahbek, J. U., Lamb, J. R., & Jarman, E. R. (2003) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00394-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Clostridium difficile, atopy and wheeze during the first year of life
Woodcock, A. A., Moradi, M., Smillie, F. I., Murray, C. S., Burnie, J., & Čustović, A. (2002) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3038.2002.01066.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ON THE FECAL FLORA OF MICE
Dubos, R. J., Schaedler, R. W., & Stephens, M. (1963) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.117.2.231 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Oral administration of CpG-ODNs suppresses antigen-induced asthma in mice
Kitagaki, K., Businga, T. R., & Kline, J. N. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.03003.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Inhibitory effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on germination of Candida albicans
Hoberg, K. A., Cihlar, R. L., & Calderone, R. A. (1983) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.24.3.401 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
History of Ear Infections and Prevalence of Asthma in a National Sample of Children Aged 2 to 11 Years
Eldeirawi, K. M., & Persky, V. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.125.5.1685 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The influence of third-generation cephalosporins on the aerobic intestinal flora
Guggenbichler, J. P., Kofler, J., & Allerberger, F. J. (1985) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf01644235 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
B-1 Cells and the Intestinal Microflora
Bos, N. A., Cebra, J. J., & Kroese, F. G. M. (2000) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57284-5_22 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Probiotics reduce the CD34+ hemopoietic precursor cell increased traffic in allergic subjects.
Mastrandrea, F., Coradduzza, G., Serio, G., et al. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Short-chain fatty acids: bacterial mediators of a balanced host-microbial relationship in the human gut.
Säemann, M. D., Böhmig, G. A., & Zlabinger, G. J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Therapeutic Manipulation of the Immune System: Enhancement of Innate and Adaptive Mucosal Immunity
Boyaka, P. N., Tafaro, A., Fischer, R., et al. (2003) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612033454225 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fever, Use of Antibiotics, and Acute Gastroenteritis During Infancy as Risk Factors for the Development of Asthma in Korean School-Age Children
Ahn, K., Lee, M.-S., Hong, S., Dae-Hyun, L., Ahn, Y.-M., Lee, H.-R., Lee, M.-I., Lee, M.-H., Shin, Y., & Kim, K.-E. (2005) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770900500308023 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Probiotics: on-going research on atopic individuals
Laiho, K., Hoppu, U., Ouwehand, A. C., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002626 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Respiratory Tolerance in the Protection Against Asthma
Macaubas, C., DeKruyff, R. H., & Umetsu, D. (2003) · Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy · doi:10.2174/1568010033484304 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effect of beta-lactam prodrugs on human intestinal microflora.
Sjövall, J., Huitfeldt, B., Magni, L., & Nord, C. E. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Role of the Cecum in Maintaining Δ5-Steroid- and Fatty Acid-reducing Activity of the Rat Intestinal Microflora
Eyssen, H., Piessens‐Denef, M., & Parmentier, G. G. (1972) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/102.11.1501 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free mice: A possible role for interferon-γ
Manolios, N., Geczy, C. L., & Schrieber, L. (1988) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(88)90083-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A comparative study of the intestinal flora of white rats kept on experimental and ordinary mixed diets
Rettger, L. F., & Horton, G. D. (1914) · G. Fischer eBooks · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Asthma but not smoking-related airflow limitation is associated with a high fat diet in men: results from the population study "Men born in 1914", Malmö, Sweden.
Ström, K., Janzon, L., Mattisson, I., et al. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nutritional issues and asthma
Fogarty, A., & Britton, J. R. (2000) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/00063198-200001000-00015 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Origin, Distribution and Differentiation of IgA-Producing Cells
Cooper, M. D., Kincade, P. W., Bockman, D. E., et al. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4550-3_2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Symmetric and Asymmetric Parallelization of a Cost-Decomposition Algorithm for Multicommodity Flow Problems
Cappanera, P., & Frangioni, A. (2003) · INFORMS journal on computing · doi:10.1287/ijoc.15.4.369.24887 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Oral tolerance and gut-oriented immune response to dietary proteins
Alpan, O. (2001) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-001-0067-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The prevalence of allergic disease and linoleic acid in the diet
Black, P. (1999) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70513-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Induction of Oral Tolerance in Splenocyte-Reconstituted SCID Mice
Yoshida, H., Hachimura, S., Hirahara, K., et al. (1998) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1006/clin.1998.4538 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Intestinal microflora in rats: isolation and characterization of strictly anaerobic bacteria requiring long-chain fatty acids
Morotomi, M., Kawai, Y., & Mutai, M. (1976) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.31.4.475-480.1976 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effects of Doxycycline, Metronidazole and their Combination on Candida species Colonization of the Human Oropharynx, Intestinal Lumen and Vagina
Maraki, S., Margioris, A. N., Orfanoudaki, E., Tselentis, Y., Koumantakis, E., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Rovithi, M. N., & Samonis, G. (2003) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1179/joc.2003.15.4.369 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Impact of antibiotic use on fungus colonization in patients hospitalized due to fever.
Huang, M.-Y., & Wang, J.-H. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Short-Chain Fatty AcidsPreprint
Markowiak‐Kopeć, P., & Śliżewska, K. (2020) · doi:10.32545/encyclopedia202005.0006.v2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Mannino DM, Homa DM, Pertowski CA et al. Surveillance for asthma -United States, 1960-1995. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1998; 47:1-27.
Dubos R. Man Adapting. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.

Sorted by citations

Gut microbiota in health and disease
Sekirov, I., Russell, S. L., Antunes, L. C. M., & Finlay, B. B. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2009 · Cited by 4,182 · see citing works
The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing
Dethlefsen, L., Huse, S., Sogin, M. L., & Relman, D. A. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060280 · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity
Clarke, T. B., Davis, K. M., Lysenko, E. S., Zhou, A. Y., Yu, Y., & Weiser, J. N. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2087 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut
Artis, D. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2316 · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Early life antibiotic‐driven changes in microbiota enhance susceptibility to allergic asthma
Russell, S. L., Gold, M. J., Hartmann, M., Willing, B. P., Thorson, L., Wlodarska, M., Gill, N., Blanchet, M., Mohn, W. W., McNagny, K. M., et al. (2012) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/embor.2012.32 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Shifting the balance: antibiotic effects on host–microbiota mutualism
Willing, B. P., Russell, S. L., & Finlay, B. B. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2536 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
The immune system and the gut microbiota: friends or foes?
Cerf-Bensussan, N., & Gaboriau-Routhiau, V. (2010) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2850 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Intestinal Microbial Diversity during Early-Life Colonization Shapes Long-Term IgE Levels
Cahenzli, J., Köller, Y., Wyss, M., Geuking, M. B., & McCoy, K. D. (2013) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.10.004 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes
Martínez, I., Stegen, J. C., Maldonado-Gómez, M. X., Eren, A. M., Siba, P. M., Greenhill, A. R., & Walter, J. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis
Wise, S. K., Lin, S. Y., Toskala, E., Orlandi, R. R., Akdis, C. A., Alt, J. A., Azar, A., Baroody, F. M., Bachert, C., Canonica, G. W., et al. (2018) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.22073 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases
Sturgeon, C., & Fasano, A. (2016) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
The first thousand days - intestinal microbiology of early life: Establishing a symbiosis
Wopereis, H., Oozeer, R., Knipping, K., Belzer, C., & Knol, J. (2014) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.12232 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Molecular dialogue between the human gut microbiota and the host: a Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium perspective
Turroni, F., Ventura, M., Buttó, L. F., Duranti, S., O’Toole, P. W., Motherway, M. O., & van Sinderen, D. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1318-0 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Increased risk of childhood asthma from antibiotic use in early life
Kozyrskyj, A. L., Ernst, P., & Becker, A. B. (2007) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.06-3008 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Fecal microbiota transplantation broadening its application beyond intestinal disorders
Xu, M.-Q. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.102 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Thinking bigger: how early-life environmental exposures shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of asthma and allergic disease
Sbihi, H., Boutin, R. C., Cutler, C., Suen, M., Finlay, B. B., & Turvey, S. E. (2019) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.13812 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Synbiotics prevent asthma-like symptoms in infants with atopic dermatitis
van der Aa, L. B., van Aalderen, W. M. C., Heymans, H. S. A., Henk Sillevis Smitt, J., Nauta, A. J., Knippels, L. M. J., Ben Amor, K., Sprikkelman, A. B., & the Synbad Study Group (2011) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02416.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Factors influencing the gut microbiome in children: from infancy to childhood
Kumbhare, S. V., Patangia, D. V., Patil, R. H., Shouche, Y. S., & Patil, N. P. (2019) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-019-9860-z · Cited by 143 · see citing works
On communication between gut microbes and the brain
Forsythe, P., Kunze, W. A., & Bienenstock, J. (2012) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e3283572ffa · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The gut microbiota and mucosal homeostasis: Colonized at birth or at adulthood, does it matter?
El Aidy, S., Hooiveld, G., Tremaroli, V., Bäckhed, F., & Kleerebezem, M. (2013) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.23362 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Probiotics and Lung Diseases
Forsythe, P. (2011) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.10-1861 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Early Development of the Gut Microbiome and Immune-Mediated Childhood Disorders
Li, M., Wang, M., & Donovan, S. (2014) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1361825 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Health effects of probiotics on the skin
Roudsari, M. R., Karimi, R., Sohrabvandi, S., & Mortazavian, A. M. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.680078 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Association between probiotic supplementation and asthma incidence in infants: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Wei, X., Jiang, P., Liu, J., Sun, R., & Zhu, L. (2020) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770903.2018.1561893 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The symbiotic bacterial surface factor polysaccharide A on Bacteroides fragilis inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human fetal enterocytes via toll receptors 2 and 4
Jiang, F., Meng, D., Weng, M., Zhu, W., Wu, W., Kasper, D., & Walker, W. A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172738 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Influence of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 intake on faecal microbiota in individuals with Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season
Odamaki, T., Xiao, J.-Z., Iwabuchi, N., Sakamoto, M., Takahashi, N., Kondo, S., Miyaji, K., Iwatsuki, K., Togashi, H., Enomoto, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47306-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effect of antibiotic use and mold exposure in infancy on allergic rhinitis in susceptible adolescents
Yang, S.-I., Lee, E., Jung, Y.-H., Kim, H. Y., Seo, J.-H., Kwon, J.-W., Kim, B.-J., Kim, H.-B., Lee, S.-Y., Jang, G. C., et al. (2014) · Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.019 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Evaluating the prebiotic effect of oligosaccharides on gut microbiome wellness using in vitro fecal fermentation
Lee, D. H., Seong, H., Chang, D., Gupta, V. K., Kim, J., Cheon, S., Kim, G., Sung, J., & Han, N. S. (2023) · npj Science of Food · doi:10.1038/s41538-023-00195-1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Probiotic and Prebiotic-probiotic PEC Microparticles for Sustaining and Enhancing Intestinal Probiotic Growth
Harshitha, K., Kulkarni, P., Vaghela, R., Varma, V. K., Deshpande, D., & Hani, U. (2015) · Current Drug Delivery · doi:10.2174/1567201812666150120123800 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Role of Probiotic Bacilli in Developing Synbiotic Food: Challenges and Opportunities
Szlufman, C., & Shemesh, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.638830 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Prebiotic Effect of Maitake Extract on a Probiotic Consortium and Its Action after Microbial Fermentation on Colorectal Cell Lines
Giani, A. D., Bovio, F., Forcella, M. E., et al. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10112536 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Effects of Probiotic, Prebiotic and Synbiotic on Growth Performance and Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks Challenged with Heat Stress by Multiattribute Decision-Making Method
Babakhani, E., & Rostamian, R. (2021) · International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research · doi:10.22034/ijabbr.2021.524089.1345

Authors: Noverr, M. C., & Huffnagle, G. B.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Noverr, M. C.
Venue: Clinical & Experimental Allergy
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005-12
Volume: 35
Issue: 12
Pages: 1511-1520
ISSN: 0954-7894 (ISSN-L)
1365-2222
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02379.x
OpenAlex: W2159590190
Cited by: 394
References: 197
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 1.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1 d)
Locations: Clinical & Experimental Allergy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
Keywords: gut microbiota, allergic airway disease, antibiotic use, fecal microbiota, dietary change, oral tolerance, oxylipins, probiotics, prebiotics, allergen sensitization
MeSH terms: Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Diet, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immune Tolerance, Intestinal Mucosa, Probiotics, Respiratory Mucosa

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks