Cited by 1,196Pain Management and Placebo EffectGastrointestinal motility and disordersAcupuncture Treatment Research Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Components of placebo effect: randomised controlled trial in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Open access

Kaptchuk, Ted J, Kelley, John M, Conboy, Lisa A, Davis, Roger B, Kerr, Catherine E, Jacobson, Eric E, Kirsch, Irving, Schyner, Rosa N, Nam, Bong Hyun, Nguyen, Long T, Park, Min, Rivers, Andrea L, McManus, Claire, Kokkotou, Efi, Drossman, Douglas A, Goldman, Peter, Lembo, Anthony J·2008·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.39524.439618.25PMC PMC2364862

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether placebo effects can experimentally be separated into the response to three components-assessment and observation, a therapeutic ritual (placebo treatment), and a supportive patient-practitioner relationship-and then progressively combined to produce incremental clinical improvement in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. To assess the relative magnitude of these components. DESIGN: A six week single blind three arm randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical centre. PARTICIPANTS: 262 adults (76% women), mean (SD) age 39 (14), diagnosed by Rome II criteria for and with a score of > or =150 on the symptom severity scale. INTERVENTIONS: For three weeks either waiting list (observation), placebo acupuncture alone ("limited"), or placebo acupuncture with a patient-practitioner relationship augmented by warmth, attention, and confidence ("augmented"). At three weeks, half of the patients were randomly assigned to continue in their originally assigned group for an additional three weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Global improvement scale (range 1-7), adequate relief of symptoms, symptom severity score, and quality of life. RESULTS: At three weeks, scores on the global improvement scale were 3.8 (SD 1.0) v 4.3 (SD 1.4) v 5.0 (SD 1.3) for waiting list versus "limited" versus "augmented," respectively (P<0.001 for trend). The proportion of patients reporting adequate relief showed a similar pattern: 28% on waiting list, 44% in limited group, and 62% in augmented group (P<0.001 for trend). The same trend in response existed in symptom severity score (30 (63) v 42 (67) v 82 (89), P<0.001) and quality of life (3.6 (8.1) v 4.1 (9.4) v 9.3 (14.0), P<0.001). All pairwise comparisons between augmented and limited patient-practitioner relationship were significant: global improvement scale (P<0.001), adequate relief of symptoms (P<0.001), symptom severity score (P=0.007), quality of life (P=0.01). Results were similar at six week follow-up. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to the placebo effect can be progressively combined in a manner resembling a graded dose escalation of component parts. Non-specific effects can produce statistically and clinically significant outcomes and the patient-practitioner relationship is the most robust component. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT00065403.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.39524.439618.25

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Functional Bowel Disorders
Longstreth, G. F., Thompson, W. G., Chey, W. D., Houghton, L. A., Mearin, F., & Spiller, R. C. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061 · Cited by 4,856
Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain
Thompson, W. G., Longstreth, G. F., Drossman, D. A., Heaton, K. W., Irvine, E. J., & Müller-Lissner, S. A. (1999) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.45.2008.ii43 · Cited by 2,440
Self-citation
The irritable bowel severity scoring system: a simple method of monitoring irritable bowel syndrome and its progress
FRANCIS, C. Y., MORRIS, J., & WHORWELL, P. J. (1997) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.142318000.x · Cited by 1,708
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
Benedetti, F., Mayberg, H. S., Wager, T. D., Stohler, C. S., & Zubieta, J.-K. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3458-05.2005 · Cited by 812
Treatment fidelity in outcome studies
Moncher, F. J., & Prinz, R. J. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 · Cited by 797 · cited 1×
“The practitioners in this study consisted of four licensed acupuncturists, all of whom had participated in previous randomised placebo controlled trials on acupuncture. The practitioners’ training followed methods described in earlier studies of structured patient-physician interactions.”
Method
The Placebo Effect in Alternative Medicine: Can the Performance of a Healing Ritual Have Clinical Significance?
Kaptchuk, T. J. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00011 · Cited by 619
Self-citation
Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus education and desipramine versus placebo for moderate to severe functional bowel disorders 1 1This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (trial registry no. NCT00006157).
Drossman, D. A., Toner, B. B., Whitehead, W. E., Diamant, N. E., Dalton, C. B., Duncan, S., Emmott, S., Proffitt, V., Akman, D., Frusciante, K., et al. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00669-3 · Cited by 614
Self-citation
Efficacy and safety of alosetron in women with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Camilleri, M., Northcutt, A. R., Kong, S., Dukes, G. E., McSorley, D., & Mangel, A. W. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02033-x · Cited by 551
Sham device v inert pill: randomised controlled trial of two placebo treatments
Kaptchuk, T. J., Stason, W. B., Davis, R. B., Legedza, A., Schnyer, R. N., Kerr, C. E., Stone, D. A., Nam, B. H., Kirsch, I., & Goldman, R. H. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38726.603310.55 · Cited by 535
Self-citation
Adjunctive non-pharmacological analgesia for invasive medical procedures: a randomised trial
Lang, E. V., Benotsch, E. G., Fick, L. J., Lutgendorf, S., Berbaum, M. L., Berbaum, K. S., Logan, H., & Spiegel, D. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02162-0 · Cited by 513

Show all 35 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

[7]7. PatelSM,StasonWB,LegedzaA,OckSM,KaptchukTJ,ConboyL,etal. The placebo effect irritable bowel syndrome trials: a meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;17:332-40.
[15]15. Chaput de Saintonge M, Herxheimer A. Harnessing the placebo effect in healthcare. Lancet 1994;344:995-8.
[17]17. Drossman DA, Drossman D, Toner BB, Whitehead WE, Diamant NE, Dalton CB, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus education and desipramine versus placebo for moderate to severe functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2003;125:19-31.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 999

Placebo‐like response in absence of treatment in children with Autism
Jones, R. M., Carberry, C., Hamo, A., & Lord, C. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1798 · Cited by 66
Evidence-based and mechanistic insights into exclusion diets for IBS
Moayyedi, P., Simrén, M., & Bercik, P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0270-3 · Cited by 64
The Illusion of Control: Placebo Effects of Control Settings
Vaccaro, K., Huang, D., Eslami, M., Sandvig, C., Hamilton, K., & Karahalios, K. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173590 · Cited by 65
Functional abdominal pain disorders in children
Rajindrajith, S., Zeevenhooven, J., Devanarayana, N. M., Perera, B. J. C., & Benninga, M. A. (2018) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2018.1438188 · Cited by 64
Placebo effects and racial and ethnic health disparities: an unjust and underexplored connection
Friesen, P., & Blease, C. R. (2018) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-104811 · Cited by 63
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of polyethylene glycol effects on fasting and postprandial rectal sensitivity and symptoms in hypersensitive constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Awad, R. A., & Camacho, S. (2010) · Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01990.x · Cited by 62
Using different expectation mechanisms to optimize treatment of patients with medical conditions: a systematic review
Kube, T., Glombiewski, J. A., & Rief, W. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000596 · Cited by 62
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Qi, L., Yang, J.-W., Yan, S.-Y., Tu, J.-F., She, Y., Li, Y., Chi, L.-L., Wu, B.-Q., & Liu, C.-Z. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48817 · Cited by 58
NHG-Standaard Somatisch Onvoldoende verklaarde Lichamelijke Klachten (SOLK)
Hartman, T. O., Blankenstein, A. H., Molenaar, B., van den Berg, B. B., van der Horst, H. E., Arnold, I. A., Burgers, J. S., Wiersma, T., & Koch, H. (2013) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · Cited by 61
Beyond Tricyclics
Drossman, D. A. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.341 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Yoga Therapy for Abdominal Pain‐Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children
Korterink, J., Ockeloen, L., Hilbink, M., Benninga, M. A., & Deckers‐Kocken, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001230 · Cited by 62
Placebo effects of a sham opioid solution: a randomized controlled study in patients with chronic low back pain
Klinger, R., Kothe, R., Schmitz, J., Kamping, S., & Flor, H. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000977 · Cited by 67
Therapeutic empathy: what it is and what it isn't
Howick, J., Bizzari, V., & Dambha‐Miller, H. (2018) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076818781403 · Cited by 60
Improving health and well-being independently of GDP: dividends of greener and prosocial economies
Pretty, J., Barton, J., Bharucha, Z. P., Bragg, R., Pencheon, D. C., Wood, C., & Depledge, M. H. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2015.1007841 · Cited by 62
Efficacy and placebo response of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for primary insomnia
Jiang, B., He, D., Guo, Z., Mu, Q., & Zhang, L. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.05.008 · Cited by 62
Development of a Web-based concept for patients with ulcerative colitis and 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment
Elkjær, M., Burisch, J. M., Avnstrøm, S., Lynge, E., & Munkholm, P. (2009) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e32832e0a18 · Cited by 60
Go open: A plea for transparency in psychotherapy.
Gaab, J., Blease, C. R., Locher, C., & Gerger, H. (2015) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000063 · Cited by 63
The effect of coloured overlays and lenses on reading: a systematic review of the literature
Griffiths, P. G., Taylor, R. H., Henderson, L. M., & Barrett, B. T. (2016) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.12316 · Cited by 68
Psychological Preparation for Cardiac Surgery
Salzmann, S., Salzmann-Djufri, M., Wilhelm, M., & Euteneuer, F. (2020) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01424-9 · Cited by 72
The Placebo Effect in Clinical Trials for Alcohol Dependence: An Exploratory Analysis of 51 Naltrexone and Acamprosate Studies
Litten, R. Z., Castle, I. P., Falk, D. E., Ryan, M., Fertig, J. B., Chen, C. M., & Yi, H. (2013) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12197 · Cited by 59
Acupuncture May Stimulate Anticancer Immunity via Activation of Natural Killer Cells
Johnston, M. F., Ortíz-Sánchez, E., Vujanović, N. L., & Li, W. (2010) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1093/ecam/nep236 · Cited by 59
Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis
Manheimer, E. W., Cheng, K., Wieland, L. S., Shen, X., Lao, L., Guo, M., & Berman, B. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013010 · Cited by 60
Treatment of Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children Enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial–Attention & Reading Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial
CITT‐ART Investigator Group (2019) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001443 · Cited by 59
Common and specific treatment mechanisms in psychosocial pain interventions: The need for a new research agenda
Thorn, B. E., & Burns, J. W. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.017 · Cited by 59
Harnessing the Placebo Effect in Pediatric Migraine Clinic
Faria, V., Linnman, C., Lebel, A., & Borsook, D. (2014) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.040 · Cited by 58
A systematic review investigating the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( CAM ) for the management of low back and/or pelvic pain ( LBPP ) in pregnancy
Close, C., Sinclair, M., Liddle, D., Madden, E., McCullough, J. E. M., & Hughes, C. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12360 · Cited by 58
A review of the psychotherapeutic ‘common factors’ model and its application in physical therapy: the need to consider general effects in physical therapy practice
Miciak, M., Gross, D. P., & Joyce, A. S. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00923.x · Cited by 60
Placebo controls: historical, methodological and general aspects
Walach, H. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0401 · Cited by 58
The Natural History of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Khatri, C., Ahmed, I., Parsons, H. M., Smith, N. A., Lawrence, T. M., Modi, C. S., Drew, S., Bhabra, G., Parsons, N., Underwood, M. R., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546518780694 · Cited by 58
Can patient–provider interaction increase the effectiveness of medical treatment or even substitute it?—An exploration on why and how to study the specific effect of the provider
Neumann, M., Edelhäuser, F., Kreps, G. L., Scheffer, C., Lutz, G. K., Tauschel, D., & Visser, A. P. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.07.020 · Cited by 57
Electroacupuncture for thalidomide/bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: a feasibility study
Garcia, M. K., Cohen, L. G., Guo, Y., Zhou, Y., Bing, Y., Chiang, J. S., Orlowski, R. Z., Weber, D., Shah, J. J., Alexanian, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/1756-8722-7-41 · Cited by 57
Open-label versus double-blind placebo treatment in irritable bowel syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Ballou, S., Kaptchuk, T. J., Hirsch, W., Nee, J. W., Iturrino, J., Hall, K. T., Kelley, J. M., Cheng, V., Kirsch, I., Jacobson, E., et al. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1964-x · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Open-label placebos for menopausal hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial
Pan, Y., Meister, R., Löwe, B., Kaptchuk, T. J., Bühling, K. J., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77255-z · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Determining Whether a Patient is Feeling Better: Pitfalls from the Science of Human Perception
Redelmeier, D. A., & Dickinson, V. M. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1655-3 · Cited by 57
Association Between Patient Beliefs Regarding Assigned Treatment and Clinical Response: Reanalysis of Data From the Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group
Chen, J. A., Papakostas, G. I., Youn, S. J., Baer, L., Clain, A. J., Fava, M., & Mischoulon, D. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06453 · Cited by 56
Pharmacologic Treatment in Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review
Rexwinkel, R., de Bruijn, C. M. A., Gordon, M. A., Benninga, M. A., & Tabbers, M. M. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-042101 · Cited by 55
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Andreescu, C., Glick, R. M., Emeremni, C. A., Houck, P. R., & Mulsant, B. H. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06105 · Cited by 55
Patients' direct experiences as central elements of placebo analgesia
Vase, L., Nørskov, K. N., Petersen, G. L., & Price, D. D. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0402 · Cited by 59
Randomised placebo-controlled trials of surgery: ethical analysis and guidelines
Savulescu, J., Wartolowska, K. A., & Carr, A. (2016) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103333 · Cited by 57
Irritable bowel syndrome and diet
Portincasa, P., Bonfrate, L., de Bari, O., Lembo, A. J., & Ballou, S. (2017) · Gastroenterology report · doi:10.1093/gastro/gow047 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Systematic review: The placebo effect of psychological interventions in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Flik, C. E., Bakker, L., Laan, W., van Rood, Y. R., Smout, A. J. P. M., & de Wit, N. J. (2017) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2223 · Cited by 56
Placebo Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury
Polich, G. R., Iaccarino, M. A., Kaptchuk, T. J., Morales-Quezada, L., & ZAFONTE, R. D. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5506 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Placebo, nocebo, and neuropathic pain
Vase, L., Skyt, I., & Hall, K. T. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000445 · Cited by 56
Feelings of Clinician-Patient Similarity and Trust Influence Pain: Evidence From Simulated Clinical Interactions
Losin, E. A. R., Anderson, S. R., & Wager, T. D. (2017) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.428 · Cited by 56
The Physical Examination as Ritual
Kapur, C. C., & Verghese, A. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.12.004 · Cited by 57
Effect of Micronutrients on Behavior and Mood in Adults With ADHD: Evidence From an 8-Week Open Label Trial With Natural Extension
Rucklidge, J. J., Taylor, M. R., & Whitehead, K. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709356173 · Cited by 62
Lessons from recent research about the placebo effect—from art to science
Brody, H., & Miller, F. G. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1850 · Cited by 53
Forging convictions: The effects of active participation in a clinical trial
Scott, C., Walker, J., White, P., & Lewith, G. T. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.04.021 · Cited by 53
Commonality and Specificity of Acupuncture Action at Three Acupoints as Evidenced by fMRI
Claunch, J. D., Chan, S., Nixon, E. E., Qiu, W. Q., Sporko, T., Dunn, J. P., Kwong, K. K., & Hui, K. K. S. (2012) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x12500528 · Cited by 53
Short- and long-term subjective medical treatment outcome of trauma surgery patients: the importance of physician empathy
Steinhausen, S., Ommen, O., Antoine, S., Koehler, T., Pfaff, H., & Neugebauer, E. A. M. (2014) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s62925 · Cited by 53
Placebo acupuncture as a form of ritual touch healing: A neurophenomenological model
Kerr, C. E., Shaw, J. R., Conboy, L. A., Kelley, J. M., Jacobson, E., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.12.009 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Manipulating the Placebo Response in Experimental Pain by Altering Doctor’s Performance Style
Czerniak, E., Biegon, A. R., Ziv, A., Karnieli‐Miller, O., Weiser, M., Alon, U. S., & Citron, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00874 · Cited by 53
Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of the Placebo Effect: Is There a Potential for the Elderly? A Mini-Review
Bingel, U., Colloca, L., & Vase, L. (2010) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000322090 · Cited by 53
Which patients improve: Characteristics increasing sensitivity to a supportive patient–practitioner relationship
Conboy, L. A., Macklin, E. A., Kelley, J. M., Kokkotou, E. G., Lembo, A. J., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.024 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Sham Electroacupuncture Methods in Randomized Controlled Trials
Chen, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, S., Yang, W.-T., Zheng, X.-W., & Zheng, G. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40837 · Cited by 55
Brain-to-brain mechanisms underlying pain empathy and social modulation of pain in the patient-clinician interaction
Ellingsen, D., Isenburg, K., Jung, C. J., Lee, J., Gerber, J. A., Mawla, I., Sclocco, R., Grahl, A., Anzolin, A., Edwards, R. R., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2212910120 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Irritable bowel syndrome patients' perspectives on their relationships with healthcare providers
Halpert, A. D., & Godena, E. J. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.574729 · Cited by 51
The placebo effect in overactive bladder syndrome
Mangera, A., Chapple, C. R., Kopp, Z. S., & Plested, M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/nrurol.2011.99 · Cited by 51
Effects of Acupuncture and Acupressure on Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review
Ling, W. M., Lui, L. Y. Y., So, W. K. W., & Chan, K. W. (2014) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/14.onf.581-592 · Cited by 51
Exploring communication pathways to better health: Clinician communication of expectations for acupuncture effectiveness
Street, R. L., Cox, V., Kallen, M. A., & Suarez-Almazor, M. E. (2012) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.032 · Cited by 51
Using Traditional Acupuncture for Breast Cancer-Related Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
de Valois, B. A., Young, T., Robinson, N., McCourt, C., & Maher, E. J. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0472 · Cited by 51
Unanticipated Insights into Biomedicine from the Study of Acupuncture
MacPherson, H., Hammerschlag, R., Coeytaux, R. R., Davis, R. T., Harris, R. E., Kong, J., Langevin, H. M., Lao, L., Milley, R. J., Napadow, V., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0184 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Placebo Rates in Induction and Maintenance Trials of Ulcerative Colitis
Jairath, V., Zou, G., Parker, C. E., MacDonald, J. K., Mosli, M. H., Khanna, R., Shackelton, L. M., Vandervoort, M. K., AlAmeel, T., Beshir, M. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw004 · Cited by 50
Electroacupuncture vs Prucalopride for Severe Chronic Constipation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial
Liu, B., Wu, J., Yan, S., Zhou, K., He, L., Fang, J., Fu, W., Li, N., Su, T., Sun, J., et al. (2020) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001050 · Cited by 52
What Do Placebo and Nocebo Effects Have to Do With Health Equity? The Hidden Toll of Nocebo Effects on Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients in Clinical Care
Yetman, H. E., Cox, N., Adler, S. R., Hall, K. T., & Stone, V. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788230 · Cited by 52
Self‐Acupressure for Older Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Li, L., Harris, R. E., Tsodikov, A., Struble, L. M., & Murphy, S. L. (2017) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23262 · Cited by 50
Unsolved, Forgotten, and Ignored Features of the Placebo Response in Medicine
Enck, P., Klosterhalfen, S., & Weimer, K. (2016) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.11.016 · Cited by 51
Psychological Covariates of Longitudinal Changes in Back-related Disability in Patients Undergoing Acupuncture
Bishop, F. L., Yardley, L., Prescott, P., Cooper, C. C., Little, P. S., & Lewith, G. T. (2014) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000108 · Cited by 49
Scientific tools, fake treatments, or triggers for psychological healing: How clinical trial participants conceptualise placebos
Bishop, F. L., Jacobson, E., Shaw, J. R., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.020 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
The Effect of Auricular Acupuncture on Fentanyl Requirement During Hip Arthroplasty
Wetzel, B., Pavlović, D., Kuse, R., Gibb, A., Merk, H., Lehmann, C., Wendt, M., & Usichenko, T. I. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181fd516c · Cited by 49
Well-Loved Music Robustly Relieves Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Hsieh, C., Kong, J., Kirsch, I., Edwards, R. R., Jensen, K. B., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Gollub, R. L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107390 · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Measuring nonspecific factors in treatment: item banks that assess the healthcare experience and attitudes from the patient’s perspective
Greco, C. M., Yu, L., Johnston, K. L., Dodds, N. E., Morone, N. E., Glick, R. M., Schneider, M., Klem, M. L., McFarland, C. E., Lawrence, S. M., et al. (2015) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1178-1 · Cited by 54
Acupuncture in the treatment of fatigue in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot, randomized, controlled, study
Kong, K. H., Ng, H. L., Li, W., Ng, D. W., Tan, S. I., Tay, K. Y., Au, W. L., & Tan, L. C. S. (2018) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.897 · Cited by 48
A price tag on clinical empathy? Factors influencing its cost-effectiveness
Howick, J., Mittoo, S., Abel, L., Halpern, J., & Mercer, S. W. (2020) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076820945272 · Cited by 50
Placebo treatment affects brain systems related to affective and cognitive processes, but not nociceptive pain
Botvinik‐Nezer, R., Petre, B., Čeko, M., Lindquist, M. A., Friedman, N. P., & Wager, T. D. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50103-8 · Cited by 50
Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Mild-Warm Moxibustion on Brain-Gut Function in Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Zhao, J.-M., Lu, J.-H., Yin, X.-J., Wu, L.-Y., Bao, C.-H., Chen, X.-K., Chen, Y.-H., Tang, W.-J., Jin, X., Wu, H.-G., et al. (2018) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-018-2838-0 · Cited by 49
Glucomannan is not effective for the treatment of functional constipation in children: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
Chmielewska, A., Horvath, A., Dziechciarz, P., & Szajewska, H. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2011.01.012 · Cited by 48
Effect of 5-Hydroxytryptophan on Fatigue in Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Truyens, M., Lobatón, T., Ferrante, M., Bossuyt, P., Vermeire, S., Pouillon, L., Dewint, P., Cremer, A., Peeters, H., Lambrecht, G., et al. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.052 · Cited by 48
Not Just Nonspecific Factors: The Roles of Alliance and Expectancy in Treatment, and Their Neurobiological Underpinnings
Zilcha-Mano, S., Roose, S. P., Brown, P. J., & Rutherford, B. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00293 · Cited by 53
Is bigger better? An argument for very low starting doses
McCormack, J. P., Allan, G. M., & Virani, A. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.091481 · Cited by 47
Reevaluating the Placebo Effect in Medical Practice
Colloca, L., Jonas, W. B., Killen, J., Miller, F. G., & Shurtleff, D. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000177 · Cited by 46
Is acupuncture no more than a placebo? Extensive discussion required about possible bias
Deng, S., Zhao, X.-F., Du, R. X., He, S., WEN, Y., Huang, L., Tian, G., ZHANG, C., Meng, Z., & Shi, X. (2015) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2015.2653 · Cited by 47
Mechanisms of the placebo effect in pain and psychiatric disorders
Holmes, R. D., Tiwari, A. K., & Kennedy, J. L. (2016) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/tpj.2016.15 · Cited by 49
The magnitude and temporal changes of response in the placebo arm of surgical randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wartolowska, K. A., Feakins, B. G., Collins, P. G. S., Cook, J. A., Judge, A., Rombach, I., Dean, B. J. F., Smith, J., & Carr, A. J. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1720-7 · Cited by 47
Effects of acute psychological stress on placebo and nocebo responses in a clinically relevant model of visceroception
Roderigo, T., Benson, S., Schöls, M., Hetkamp, M., Schedlowski, M., Enck, P., & Elsenbruch, S. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000940 · Cited by 50
The powerful placebo effect in osteoarthritis.
Zhang, W. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 47
Expectancy-Induced Placebo Analgesia in Children and the Role of Magical Thinking
Krummenacher, P., Kossowsky, J., Schwarz, C., Brugger, P., Kelley, J. M., Meyer, A. H., & Gaab, J. (2014) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.09.005 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
The Signaling Theory of Symptoms
Steinkopf, L. (2015) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/1474704915600559 · Cited by 48
What techniques might be used to harness placebo effects in non-malignant pain? A literature review and survey to develop a taxonomy
Bishop, F. L., Coghlan, B., Geraghty, A. W. A., Everitt, H., Little, P. S., Holmes, M. M., Seretis, D., & Lewith, G. T. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015516 · Cited by 49
Placebo Analgesia in Rodents: Current and Future Research
Keller, A., Akintola, T., & Colloca, L. (2018) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.02.001 · Cited by 45
Patient-Provider Interactions Affect Symptoms in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Dossett, M. L., Mu, L., Davis, R. B., Bell, I. R., Lembo, A. J., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Yeh, G. Y. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136855 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
The effectiveness of acupuncture research across components of the trauma spectrum response (tsr): a systematic review of reviews
Lee, C., Crawford, C. C., Wallerstedt, D. B., York, A., Duncan, A. D., Smith, J. L., Sprengel, M. L., Welton, R. C., & Jonas, W. B. (2012) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-46 · Cited by 44
Contextually Aided Recovery (CARe): a scientific theory for innate healing
Newell, D., Lothe, L. R., & Raven, T. J. L. (2017) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-017-0137-z · Cited by 49
Salutogenesis: The Defining Concept for a New Healthcare System
Jonas, W. B., Chez, R. A., Smith, K., & Sakallaris, B. R. (2014) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.005 · Cited by 56
Placebo responses and placebo effects in functional bowel disorders
Enck, P., Horing, B., Weimer, K., & Klosterhalfen, S. (2011) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e32834bb951 · Cited by 46
Efficacy of Lactobacillus casei Shirota for patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Thijssen, A. Y., Clemens, C. H. M., Vankerckhoven, V., Goossens, H., Jonkers, D. M. A. E., & Masclee, A. (2015) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000484 · Cited by 46
Efficacy of Periosteal Stimulation for Chronic Pain Associated With Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Weiner, D. K., Moore, C. G., Morone, N. E., Lee, E. S., & Kwoh, C. K. (2013) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.09.025 · Cited by 44
The Placebo Phenomenon: Implications for the Ethics of Shared Decision-Making
Brody, H. A., Colloca, L., & Miller, F. G. (2012) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1977-1 · Cited by 45
Getting the Grip on Nonspecific Treatment Effects: Emesis in Patients Randomized to Acupuncture or Sham Compared to Patients Receiving Standard Care
Enblom, A., Lekander, M., Hammar, M. L., Johnsson, A., Onelöv, E., Ingvar, M., Steineck, G., & Börjeson, S. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014766 · Cited by 44
Using a matrix-analytical approach to synthesizing evidence solved incompatibility problem in the hierarchy of evidence
Walach, H., & Loef, M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.027 · Cited by 47

Authors: Kaptchuk, T. J., Kelley, J. M., Conboy, L. A., Davis, R. B., Kerr, C. E., Jacobson, E. E., Kirsch, I., Schyner, R. N., Nam, B. H., Nguyen, L. T., Park, M., Rivers, A. L., McManus, C., Kokkotou, E., Drossman, D. A., Goldman, P., & Lembo, A. J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Endicott College (US)
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
University of Hull (GB)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Kaptchuk, Ted J
ORCID: Kaptchuk, Ted J
Kelley, John M
Conboy, Lisa A
Davis, Roger B
Kerr, Catherine E
Kirsch, Irving
Park, Min
Drossman, Douglas A
Lembo, Anthony J
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2008-04-03
Volume: 336
Issue: 7651
Pages: 999-1003
ISSN: 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39524.439618.25
PMC: PMC2364862
OpenAlex: W2038810061
Cited by: 1,196
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 38.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.bmj.org/licenses/tdm/1.0/terms-and-conditions.html (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard University
National Institutes of Health (5r21at002564-02)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
National Center for Research Resources (RR 01032, M01RR001032)
Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT004662, R21AT002860, 1R21 AT002564, K24AT004095, R01AT001414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
Keywords: placebo effect, irritable bowel syndrome, sham acupuncture, patient-practitioner relationship, healing rituals, non-specific effects, symptom severity, quality of life, symptom relief, placebo-controlled trial design
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Waiting Lists, Acupuncture Therapy, Placebo Effect, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Components of placebo effect: randomised controlled trial in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks