The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: cluster randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a school based physical activity programme during one school year on physical and psychological health in young schoolchildren. DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 28 classes from 15 elementary schools in Switzerland randomly selected and assigned in a 4:3 ratio to an intervention (n=16) or control arm (n=12) after stratification for grade (first and fifth grade), from August 2005 to June 2006. PARTICIPANTS: 540 children, of whom 502 consented and presented at baseline. INTERVENTION: Children in the intervention arm (n=297) received a multi-component physical activity programme that included structuring the three existing physical education lessons each week and adding two additional lessons a week, daily short activity breaks, and physical activity homework. Children (n=205) and parents in the control group were not informed of an intervention group. For most outcome measures, the assessors were blinded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures included body fat (sum of four skinfolds), aerobic fitness (shuttle run test), physical activity (accelerometry), and quality of life (questionnaires). Secondary outcome measures included body mass index and cardiovascular risk score (average z score of waist circumference, mean blood pressure, blood glucose, inverted high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides). RESULTS: 498 children completed the baseline and follow-up assessments (mean age 6.9 (SD 0.3) years for first grade, 11.1 (0.5) years for fifth grade). After adjustment for grade, sex, baseline values, and clustering within classes, children in the intervention arm compared with controls showed more negative changes in the z score of the sum of four skinfolds (-0.12, 95 % confidence interval -0.21 to -0.03; P=0.009). Likewise, their z scores for aerobic fitness increased more favourably (0.17, 0.01 to 0.32; P=0.04), as did those for moderate-vigorous physical activity in school (1.19, 0.78 to 1.60; P<0.001), all day moderate-vigorous physical activity (0.44, 0.05 to 0.82; P=0.03), and total physical activity in school (0.92, 0.35 to 1.50; P=0.003). Z scores for overall daily physical activity (0.21, -0.21 to 0.63) and physical quality of life (0.42, -1.23 to 2.06) as well as psychological quality of life (0.59, -0.85 to 2.03) did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: A school based multi-component physical activity intervention including compulsory elements improved physical activity and fitness and reduced adiposity in children. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15360785.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A number of studies combined aspects of the TEO in a multicomponent approach.64, 91, 99”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: intention-to-treat principle employed”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: relevant confounders taken into account”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: randomized using a random numbers table”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: criterion not applicable because all participants were allocated at 1 point in time following recruitment, so at time of recruitment allocation was not known”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“High risk Quote:”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: all outcomes identified a priori were reported on”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: data collection tools reported to be valid and reliable”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Kriemler 2010 End of intervention 502 boys and girls 101 102 P = 0.88 0 (95% CI -0.3 to 0.2)”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Another more recent 1-year multicomponent school-based physical activity intervention found improvements in accelerometer-assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity as well as in body composition.257”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“In controlled trials, such multicomponent interventions often increase the amount and/or intensity of physical activity during school hours.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“More recent multicomponent school-based PE/physical activity interventions in Europe demonstrated improvements over 1 academic year in aerobic fitness, skin-fold thickness, and/or BMI z score overall or in certain subgroups.257,261”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change.
Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1997) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38 · Cited by 7,782 · cited 1×
“Importantly, the children and teachers enjoyed the intervention, which guaranteed compliance, and it was sufficiently intense, of adequate duration,”
BackgroundNational High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.s2.555 · Cited by 6,913
Berenson, G. S., Srinivasan, S. R., Bao, W., Newman, W. P., Tracy, R. E., & Wattigney, W. A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199806043382302 · Cited by 4,032
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Weiss, R., Dziura, J., Burgert, T. S., Tamborlane, W. V., Taksali, S. E., Yeckel, C. W., Allen, K., Lopes, M., Savoye, M., Morrison, J. A., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031049 · Cited by 3,495
Interventions for preventing obesity in children
Brown, T. J., Moore, T. H., Hooper, L., Gao, Y., Zayegh, A. M., Ijaz, S., Elwenspoek, M. M. C., Foxen, S. C., Magee, L., O’Malley, C. L., et al. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001871.pub4 · Cited by 3,054
A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century
Olshansky, S. J., Passaro, D. J., Hershow, R. C., Layden, J., Carnes, B. A., Brody, J., Hayflick, L., Butler, R. N., Allison, D. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsr043743 · Cited by 2,612
The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness
Léger, L., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640418808729800 · Cited by 2,539 · cited 1×
“We used the 20 m shuttle run test to determine aerobic fitness.”
MethodTracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature
Singh, A. S., Mulder, C., Twisk, J. W. R., van Mechelen, W., & Chinapaw, M. J. M. (2008) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00475.x · Cited by 2,495
Must, A., Jacques, P. F., Dallal, G. E., Bajema, C. J., & Dietz, W. H. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199211053271904 · Cited by 2,233
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [21]Moses S, Meyer U, Puder J, Roth R, Zahner L, Kriemler S. Das Bewegungsverhalten von Primarschulkindern in der Schweiz. Schweiz Zt Sportmed Sporttraum 2007; 55: 62-8.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–525 of 525
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336084
Brennan, S., Lavelle, F., Moore, S. E., Dean, M., McKinley, M. C., McCole, P., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., O’Connell, N. E., Cardwell, C. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13719600
Brennan, S., Lavelle, F., Moore, S. E., Dean, M., McKinley, M. C., McCole, P., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., O’Connell, N. E., Cardwell, C. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13719597
Brennan, S., Lavelle, F., Moore, S. E., Dean, M., McKinley, M. C., McCole, P., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., O’Connell, N. E., Cardwell, C. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13719612
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336090
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336096
Brennan, S., Lavelle, F., Moore, S. E., Dean, M., McKinley, M. C., McCole, P., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., O’Connell, N. E., Cardwell, C. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13719615
Long, K. Z., Beckmann, J., Lang, C., Seelig, H., Nqweniso, S., Probst-Hensch, N., Müller, I., Pühse, U., Steinmann, P., du Randt, R., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19076352
Brennan, S., Lavelle, F., Moore, S. E., Dean, M., McKinley, M. C., McCole, P., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., O’Connell, N. E., Cardwell, C. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13719618
Brandes, B., Sell, L., Buck, C., Busse, H., Zeeb, H., & Brandes, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26611442
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336093
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336087
Brandes, B., Sell, L., Buck, C., Busse, H., Zeeb, H., & Brandes, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26611448
Brennan, S., Lavelle, F., Moore, S. E., Dean, M., McKinley, M. C., McCole, P., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., O’Connell, N. E., Cardwell, C. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13719603
Brandes, B., Sell, L., Buck, C., Busse, H., Zeeb, H., & Brandes, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26611445
Syrmpas, I., Boulley, G. E., Erturan, G. I., Digelidis, N. M., Tessier, D. P., Loules, G., Bouglas, V., Charalampos, K., Demirhan, G., Carraro, A., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2026.2628585
Braun, N., Ledergerber, R., Lichtenstein, E., Nebiker, L., & Roth, R. (2026) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.70136
Speyer, É. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9226fa30z3c90z483fz956ez3561f42c580e · Cited by 1
Liu, Q., Xu, Z., Shao, X., Lian, Z., Cheng, W., & Wang, X. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-28685-3
“This type of system-level design may help expand intervention reach and support the maintenance of PA behaviors [43, 44].”
Özoğlu, F., Ilkım, M., & ŞAHİN, F. (2026) · Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.17155/omuspd.1862154
Integration of physical activity throughout the school day – A mixed method study
Arkkukangas, M., Bellardini, H., & Tonkonogi, M. (2026) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2026.2745297
“…strategies. the most effective way to maximize opportunities for physical activity is through the implementation of a whole-of-school approach (Kriemler et al., 2010; Pearson et al., 2015; Van Sluijs et al., 2007). this model emphasizes integrating Pa across all aspects of the school…”
Sonchan, S., ส่งตระกูล, ส., Padungratchadakit, W., & Sonchan, W. (2026) · Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports · doi:10.15561/26649837.2026.0604
“In the KISS cluster-randomized trial, a multicomponent school physical activity program improved aerobic fitness in primary schoolchildren [3].”
Hytönen, K., & Jääskeläinen, M. (2015) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
Goldstein, M. L., & Morewitz, S. J. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9764-7_10
Metadata
- Authors
- Kriemler, S., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Meyer, U., Hartmann, T., Hebestreit, H., Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., van Mechelen, W., & Puder, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (CH)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kriemler, S.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2010-02-23
- Volume
- 340
- Issue
- feb23 1
- Pages
- c785-c785
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC2827713
- OpenAlex
- W1990388280
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 29.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Universität Basel
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (114401)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007462/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- elementary school students, physical education, adiposity, fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, quality of life, cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, active breaks, childhood obesity prevention, Switzerland, Lausanne
- MeSH terms
- Child, Exercise Therapy, Health Status, Humans, Mental Health, Obesity, Physical Fitness, School Health Services, Cluster Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Adiposity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
