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Effect of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: cluster randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a school based physical activity programme during one school year on physical and psychological health in young schoolchildren. DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 28 classes from 15 elementary schools in Switzerland randomly selected and assigned in a 4:3 ratio to an intervention (n=16) or control arm (n=12) after stratification for grade (first and fifth grade), from August 2005 to June 2006. PARTICIPANTS: 540 children, of whom 502 consented and presented at baseline. INTERVENTION: Children in the intervention arm (n=297) received a multi-component physical activity programme that included structuring the three existing physical education lessons each week and adding two additional lessons a week, daily short activity breaks, and physical activity homework. Children (n=205) and parents in the control group were not informed of an intervention group. For most outcome measures, the assessors were blinded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures included body fat (sum of four skinfolds), aerobic fitness (shuttle run test), physical activity (accelerometry), and quality of life (questionnaires). Secondary outcome measures included body mass index and cardiovascular risk score (average z score of waist circumference, mean blood pressure, blood glucose, inverted high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides). RESULTS: 498 children completed the baseline and follow-up assessments (mean age 6.9 (SD 0.3) years for first grade, 11.1 (0.5) years for fifth grade). After adjustment for grade, sex, baseline values, and clustering within classes, children in the intervention arm compared with controls showed more negative changes in the z score of the sum of four skinfolds (-0.12, 95 % confidence interval -0.21 to -0.03; P=0.009). Likewise, their z scores for aerobic fitness increased more favourably (0.17, 0.01 to 0.32; P=0.04), as did those for moderate-vigorous physical activity in school (1.19, 0.78 to 1.60; P<0.001), all day moderate-vigorous physical activity (0.44, 0.05 to 0.82; P=0.03), and total physical activity in school (0.92, 0.35 to 1.50; P=0.003). Z scores for overall daily physical activity (0.21, -0.21 to 0.63) and physical quality of life (0.42, -1.23 to 2.06) as well as psychological quality of life (0.59, -0.85 to 2.03) did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: A school based multi-component physical activity intervention including compulsory elements improved physical activity and fitness and reduced adiposity in children. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15360785.
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“A number of studies combined aspects of the TEO in a multicomponent approach.64, 91, 99”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: intention-to-treat principle employed”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: relevant confounders taken into account”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: randomized using a random numbers table”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: criterion not applicable because all participants were allocated at 1 point in time following recruitment, so at time of recruitment allocation was not known”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“High risk Quote:”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: all outcomes identified a priori were reported on”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Low risk Comment: data collection tools reported to be valid and reliable”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Kriemler 2010 End of intervention 502 boys and girls 101 102 P = 0.88 0 (95% CI -0.3 to 0.2)”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Kriemler 2010
In the citing paper
“Another more recent 1-year multicomponent school-based physical activity intervention found improvements in accelerometer-assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity as well as in body composition.257”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“In controlled trials, such multicomponent interventions often increase the amount and/or intensity of physical activity during school hours.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“More recent multicomponent school-based PE/physical activity interventions in Europe demonstrated improvements over 1 academic year in aerobic fitness, skin-fold thickness, and/or BMI z score overall or in certain subgroups.257,261”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
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European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
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Interventions for preventing obesity in children
Brown, T. J., Moore, T. H., Hooper, L., Gao, Y., Zayegh, A. M., Ijaz, S., Elwenspoek, M. M. C., Foxen, S. C., Magee, L., O’Malley, C. L., et al. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001871.pub4 · Cited by 3,054
Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663 · Cited by 2,217
“…trial; V̇O2max, maximal oxygen uptake; V̇O2peak, peak oxygen uptake; VPA, vigorous-intensity physical activity. aIncludes 6 RCT studies (Verstraete et al. 2007; Kriemler et al. 2010; Eather et al. 2013; Finkelstein et al. 2013; Meinhardt et al. 2013; Meyer et al. 2014) from 5 unique samples.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPhysical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms
Lubans, D., Richards, J., Hillman, C., Faulkner, G., Beauchamp, M., Nilsson, M., Kelly, P., Smith, J., Raine, L., & Biddle, S. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1642 · Cited by 1,548
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Authors/Task Force Members, Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487316653709 · Cited by 1,435
“At least 3 h/week, and preferably 60 min/day, of sports or PA should be performed during school time.(511) Regular activity also improves cognitive competence for learning.”
Dobbins, M., Husson, H., DeCorby, K., & LaRocca, R. L. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651.pub2 · Cited by 1,358
Kriemler, S., Meyer, U., Martin, E., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Andersen, L. B., & Martin, B. W. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090186 · Cited by 827
Self-citationLangford, R., Bonell, C. P., Jones, H. E., Pouliou, T., Murphy, S. M., Waters, E., Komro, K. A., Gibbs, L. F., Magnus, D., & Campbell, R. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008958.pub2 · Cited by 768
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Metcalf, B., Henley, W., & Wilkin, T. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5888 · Cited by 658
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“NA 7 Kriemler et al., 2010 [68] Parent-report CHQ-PF50 Outcome: Physical and psychological health summary scores Method: Mixed linear regression model Software used: Not reported School-based PA program did not show improved QOL among the children NA 7 Boyle et al., 2010 [69] Self-report PedsQL…”
BackgroundMethodSmith, C. F., Heneghan, C. J., Mahtani, K. R., Thompson, M. J., Perera, R., & Ward, A. M. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e4759 · Cited by 685
Langford, R., Bonell, C., Jones, H., Pouliou, T., Murphy, S., Waters, E., Komro, K., Gibbs, L., Magnus, D., & Campbell, R. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1360-y · Cited by 578
“Twenty-nine studies were conducted in North America (27 USA [22,23,25-27,29,35,37,39,40,45,48,50-52,57-63,65, 66,70,75,83], 2 in Canada [71,82]), 19 in Europe [19-21,24,30, 32,33,36,41,42,44,47,53,74,76-78,85], 11 in Australasia [28,31,34,46,54,64,68,69,72,73,81] and eight in middleor low-income countries (China [56,7…”
BackgroundInfluentialMozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601
What childhood obesity prevention programmes work? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
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Mead, E., Brown, T. J., Rees, K., Azevedo, L. B., Whittaker, V., Jones, D., Olajide, J., Mainardi, G. M., Corpeleijn, E., O’Malley, C. L., et al. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012651 · Cited by 550
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037 · Cited by 502
Love, R., Adams, J., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2019) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12823 · Cited by 452
“This is exemplified by some trials reporting positive effects during school hours, which are attenuated when assessing activity across the whole day as analysed here.(22) Multidimensional intervention strategies across settings are likely required to achieve sustained effects across the whole day.”
BackgroundLonsdale, C., Rosenkranz, R. R., Peralta, L. R., Bennie, A., Fahey, P., & Lubans, D. R. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.004 · Cited by 451
“For example, a recent high-quality primary school obesity prevention intervention involving 45 min of daily PE significantly increased children's within-school physical activity by 11 min/day (Kriemler et al., 2010).”
BackgroundNeil‐Sztramko, S., Caldwell, H. A. T., & Dobbins, M. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651.pub3 · Cited by 552
Myths, Presumptions, and Facts about Obesity
Casazza, K., Fontaine, K. R., Astrup, A., Birch, L. L., Brown, A. W., Bohan Brown, M. M., Durant, N., Dutton, G., Foster, E. M., Heymsfield, S. B., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1208051 · Cited by 442
Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in children
Andersen, L. B., Riddoch, C., Kriemler, S., & Hills, A. P. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090333 · Cited by 331
“Two further studies have been published since this review.”
Self-citationPhysical activity and academic achievement in children: a historical perspective
Howie, E. K., & Pate, R. R. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2012.09.003 · Cited by 297
Hoelscher, D. M., Kirk, S., Ritchie, L. D., & Cunningham-Sabo, L. D. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.08.004 · Cited by 321
Fakhouri, T. H. I., Hughes, J. P., Brody, D. J., Kit, B. K., & Ogden, C. L. (2013) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.122 · Cited by 248
“P HYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDentary behaviors in children are associated with overall physical, psychological, and psychosocial wellbeing.(1-12) Children who are physically active have a lower adiposity, more favorable lipid profiles, and increased cognitive function compared with their inactive counterparts.”
BackgroundYüksel, H. S., Şahin, F. N., Maksimović, N., Drid, P., & Bianco, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010347 · Cited by 274
“53%), it was concluded that there was a significant increase in the PA levels of children compared to the control group [42,44,45,49,50,54,55,58].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPuder, J. J., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Schindler, C., Zahner, L., Niederer, I., Bürgi, F., Ebenegger, V., Nydegger, A., & Kriemler, S. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d6195 · Cited by 232
Self-citationBridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making
(2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e549902010-001 · Cited by 216
The theory of expanded, extended, and enhanced opportunities for youth physical activity promotion
Beets, M. W., Okely, A., Weaver, R. G., Webster, C., Lubans, D., Brusseau, T., Carson, R., & Cliff, D. P. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0442-2 · Cited by 205
“Finally, an excellent illustration of an intervention that used all three TEO mechanisms can be found in the KISS study (Kinder-Sportstudie) [87].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSystematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to reduce body mass index
Lavelle, H. V., Mackay, D., & Pell, J. P. (2012) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr116 · Cited by 214
Gomersall, S. R., Rowlands, A. V., English, C., Maher, C. A., & Olds, T. (2012) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-012-0008-7 · Cited by 225
Jones, M., Defever, E., Letsinger, A., Steele, J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.06.009 · Cited by 189
“A number of studies combined aspects of the TEO in a multicomponent approach.(64,91,99) This most commonly took the form of a combination of expanding and enhancing PA opportunities, but overall these approaches led to an inconclusive evidence rating of MVPA.”
BackgroundInfluentialNixon, C., Moore, H. J., Douthwaite, W., Gibson, E. L., Vögele, C., Kreichauf, S., Wildgruber, A., Μanios, Y., Summerbell, C., & ToyBox‐study group (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00962.x · Cited by 201
“Studies were conducted in Europe (8,10, 11,13,14,18), North America (12,17), Asia (16,20) and Australasia (15,19).”
BackgroundInfluentialLander, N., Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., Salmon, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0561-6 · Cited by 228
Liu, Z., Xu, H.-M., Wen, L.-M., Peng, Y.-Z., Lin, L.-Z., Zhou, S., Li, W.-H., & Wang, H.-J. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0848-8 · Cited by 175
Berghs, M. J., Atkin, K. M., Graham, H. M., Hatton, C., & Thomas, C. (2016) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr04080 · Cited by 232
“Amber Amber Amber Amber Red 2 Kriemler et al.(540) Amber Red Amber Red Amber 1.”
Physical activity interventions in the school setting: A systematic review
Demetriou, Y., & Höner, O. (2012) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.11.006 · Cited by 179
Brooke, H. L., Corder, K. L., Atkin, A. J., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0215-5 · Cited by 175
García‐Hermoso, A., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Pérez-Sousa, M. Á., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2020) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0223 · Cited by 173
Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research
Casazza, K., Brown, A., Astrup, A., Bertz, F., Baum, C., Brown, M. B., Dawson, J., Durant, N., Dutton, G., Fields, D. A., et al. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.922044 · Cited by 169
“The expanded time in PE resulted in modest attenuations in the increase in BMI over time (Kain et al., 2004; Sollerhed and Ejlertsson, 2008; Kriemler et al., 2010); however, the results were not consistent across genders or age groups.”
ResultLangford, R., Bonell, C., Jones, H., & Campbell, R. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0167-7 · Cited by 166
“For example, teachers in the study by Bere et al. [22] all rated the intervention as ‘ good ’ or ‘ very good ’ , while 70% of teachers and 90% of students participating in the KISS study reported they enjoyed the programme and wanted it to continue the following year [38].”
BackgroundF. Piepoli, M. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9583-6 · Cited by 162
“At least 3 h/week, and preferably 60 min/day, of sports or PA should be performed during school time [511].”
Physical Activity and Skills Intervention: SCORES Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
COHEN, K. E., MORGAN, P. J., PLOTNIKOFF, R. C., CALLISTER, R., & LUBANS, D. R. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000452 · Cited by 150
“This finding is comparable with the intervention effect observed in the KISS study (23) (11 minIdj1).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLow, M., Farrell, A., Biggs, B.-A., & Pasricha, S.-R. (2013) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.130628 · Cited by 154
Engelen, L., Bundy, A. C., Naughton, G., Simpson, J. M., Bauman, A., Ragen, J., Baur, L., Wyver, S., Tranter, P., Niehues, A., et al. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.007 · Cited by 152
Mountjoy, M. L., Andersen, L. B., Armstrong, N., Biddle, S., Boreham, C. A., Bedenbeck, H.-P. B., Ekelund, U., Engebretsen, L., Hardman, K., Hills, A. P., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090228 · Cited by 154
Self-citationSkrede, T., Steene‐Johannessen, J., Anderssen, S. A., Resaland, G. K., & Ekelund, U. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12758 · Cited by 158
“In the KISS study, lower BMI at follow-up was observed in the intervention group (30).”
BackgroundInfluentialContribution of physical education to overall physical activity
Meyer, U., Roth, R., Zahner, L., Gerber, M., Puder, J., Hebestreit, H., & Kriemler, S. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01425.x · Cited by 148
Self-citation2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.5603/kp.2016.0120 · Cited by 152
Reactivity to Accelerometer Measurement of Children and Adolescents
Dössegger, A., Ruch, N., Jimmy, G., Braun‐Fahrländer, C., MÄDER, U., Hänggi, J. M., HOFMANN, H., Puder, J. J., Kriemler, S., & Bringolf‐Isler, B. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000215 · Cited by 134
“Data from study participants (Table 1) were pooled from eight studies in Switzerland, namely, the KISS (19), the Ballabeina (26), the SCARPOL (4), the Gabriel (3), the EFRAIM (12), the Swiss part of ENERGY (40), the Bernstudy/IKAÖ (18), and the J+S 5–10 evaluation study (13).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEffect of Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs on Blood Pressure
Cai, L., Wu, Y. F., Wilson, R. F., Segal, J. B., Kim, M. T., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.005666 · Cited by 138
The Health Promoting Schools Framework: Known Unknowns and an Agenda for Future Research
Langford, R., Bonell, C., Komro, K., Murphy, S., Magnus, D., Waters, E., Gibbs, L., & Campbell, R. (2017) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198116673800 · Cited by 130
Pozuelo‐Carrascosa, D. P., García‐Hermoso, A., Álvarez‐Bueno, C., Sánchez‐López, M., & Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097600 · Cited by 129
Telford, R. D., Cunningham, R. B., Fitzgerald, R., Olive, L. S., Prosser, L., Jiang, X., & Telford, R. M. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300220 · Cited by 123
Meyer, U., Schindler, C., Zahner, L., Ernst, D., Hebestreit, H. U., van Mechelen, W., Rocca, H. B., Probst-Hensch, N. M., Puder, J. J., & Kriemler, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087929 · Cited by 124
“and 90% of the children wanted daily physical education to continue after the intervention had stopped.[14]”
InfluentialSelf-citationCesa, C. C., Sbruzzi, G., Ribeiro, R. A., Barbiero, S. M., Petkowicz, R. D. O., Eibel, B., Machado, N. B., Marques, R. D. V., Tortato, G., Santos, T. J. D., et al. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.014 · Cited by 130
“Triglycerides were evaluated in two (Kriemler et al., 2010; Walther et al., 2009) studies (n = 663).”
BackgroundInfluentialde Greeff, J. W., Hartman, E., Mullender-Wijnsma, M. J., Bosker, R. J., Doolaard, S., & Visscher, C. (2016) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyv102 · Cited by 119
Sbruzzi, G., Eibel, B., Barbiero, S. M., Petkowicz, R. D. O., Ribeiro, R. A., Cesa, C. C., Martins, C. C., Marobin, R., Schaan, C. W., Souza, W. B., et al. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.024 · Cited by 118
“The obesity epidemic is rapidly and constantly growing and affects all socioeconomic levels and ethnicities (Kriemler et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialMears, R., & Jago, R. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094976 · Cited by 134
A New Approach to Define and Diagnose Cardiometabolic Disorder in Children
Andersen, L. B., Lauersen, J. B., Brønd, J. C., Anderssen, S. A., Sardinha, L. B., Steene‐Johannessen, J., McMurray, R. G., de Barros, M. V. G., Kriemler, S., Møller, N. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2015/539835 · Cited by 114
Self-citationO’Dwyer, M. V., Fairclough, S. J., Knowles, Z. R., & Stratton, G. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-117 · Cited by 113
“which have demonstrated significant increases in physical activity levels [65-67].”
InfluentialEather, N., Morgan, P. J., & Lubans, D. R. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.10.019 · Cited by 110
“To 29 account for the clustered nature of the data (an intraclass correlation of 0.03 was found for CRF fitness in the 30 KISS school-based intervention) and potential drop-out, 226 participants were recruited from four schools 31 (Kriemler et al., 2010).”
MethodInfluentialZaqout, M., Michels, N., Bammann, K., Ahrens, W., Sprengeler, O., Molnár, D., Hadjigeorgiou, C., Eiben, G., Konstabel, K., Russo, P., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.22 · Cited by 109
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01054-y · Cited by 119
Hung, L.-S., Tidwell, D. K., Hall, M. E., Lee, M. L., Briley, C. A., & Hunt, B. P. (2015) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.01.002 · Cited by 102
Prevention of overweight and obesity in children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Peirson, L., Fitzpatrick‐Lewis, D., Morrison, K. M., Ciliska, D. K., Kenny, M., Ali, M. U., & Raïna, P. (2015) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20140053 · Cited by 112
Rosenkranz, R. R., Lubans, D. R., Peralta, L. R., Bennie, A., Sanders, T., & Lonsdale, C. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-834 · Cited by 111
“1 (estimated based on a previous study [36]), the correction factor is 3.”
BackgroundIntervention effects on physical activity: the HEIA study - a cluster randomized controlled trial
Grydeland, M., Bergh, I. H., Bjelland, M., Lien, N., Andersen, L. F., Ommundsen, Y., Klepp, K., & Anderssen, S. A. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-17 · Cited by 109
“The KISS study, while comprising a bit younger participants, showed a favourable intervention effect on moderate to vigorous activity at school and all day, and also on total physical activity at school, but no effect on overall daily physical activity [29].”
BackgroundStavnsbo, M., Resaland, G. K., Anderssen, S., Steene-Johannessen, J., Domazet, S. L., Skrede, T., Sardinha, L., Kriemler, S., Ekelund, U., Andersen, L., et al. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.003 · Cited by 95
Self-citationSun, C., Pezic, A., Tikellis, G., Ponsonby, A., Wake, M. A., Carlin, J. B., Cleland, V. J., & Dwyer, T. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12047 · Cited by 103
“2% No Kriemler, 2010 (12) Yes Yes Guaranteed compliance 100% 7.”
BackgroundInfluentialMcGoey, T., Root, Z., Bruner, M. W., & Law, B. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.004 · Cited by 93
Action Schools! BC implementation: from efficacy to effectiveness to scale-up
McKay, H. A., MACDONALD, H. M., Nettlefold, L., Mâsse, L. C., Day, M., & Naylor, P. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093361 · Cited by 101
Verrotti, A., Penta, L., Zenzeri, L., Agostinelli, S., & De Feo, P. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0153-y · Cited by 96
“Overall, eight studies were significantly effective in reducing BMI [43, 52, 53, 61, 69, 70, 72, 77]; however, 10 studies did not show any difference between intervention group and con-”
BackgroundResultEffectiveness of a primary school-based intervention to reduce overweight
Jansen, W., Borsboom, G., Meima, A., Zwanenburg, E. J.-V., Mackenbach, J. P., Raat, H., & Brug, J. (2011) · International Journal of Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.3109/17477166.2011.575151 · Cited by 93
Thivel, D., Isacco, L., Lazaar, N., Aucouturier, J., Ratel, S., Doré, É., Meyer, M., & Duché, P. (2011) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-011-1466-x · Cited by 97
“At all ages, interventional studies based on exercise training, whether or not combined with dietary restrictions, have demonstrated the positive impact of such programs on both anthropometric characteristics [11, 21, 24, 40] and physical fitness [11, 21, 22, 40].”
BackgroundDoes integrating physical activity in the elementary school classroom influence academic motivation?
Vazou, S., Gavrilou, P., Mamalaki, E., Papanastasiou, A., & Sioumala, N. (2012) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2012.682368 · Cited by 92
“Kriemler et al. (2010) found significant improvements in children’s fitness levels, increases in PA in school, and greater reduction in adiposity in the intervention compared to the control group.”
BackgroundA Sports-Based Youth Development Program, Teen Mental Health, and Physical Fitness: An RCT
Ho, F. K. W., Louie, L. H.-T., Wong, W. H. S., Chan, K. L., Tiwari, A., Chow, C. B., Ho, W. K. Y., Wong, W. C. W., Chan, M., Chen, E. Y. H., et al. (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1543 · Cited by 92
Guerra, P. H., Nobre, M. R. C., da Silveira, J. A. C., & Taddei, J. A. D. A. C. (2013) · Clinics · doi:10.6061/clinics/2013(09)14 · Cited by 96
“Another synthesis included interventions with a duration equal to or exceeding 9 months, which corresponds to a school year (28,29,31,32,35,38).”
BackgroundMooses, K., Pihu, M., Riso, E., Hannus, A., Kaasik, P., & Kull, M. (2017) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12530 · Cited by 87
Oosterhoff, M., Joore, M., & Ferreira, I. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12446 · Cited by 87
“, education (n=15) (59,70,72,76,83,85,87, 90,91,97,116,117,124,134,136), physical activity (n=16) (51,55,67,68,81,84,93,94,103,106,114,115,119,121,122,128,133), whereas 48 RCTs evaluated the effects of one intervention combining two or more of these components such as PA and education (n = 21) (57,61,65,71,78,86,88,89…”
Universal childhood and adolescent obesity prevention programs: Review and critical analysis
Haynos, A. F., & O’Donohue, W. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.006 · Cited by 92
Frémeaux, A. E., Mallam, K. M., Metcalf, B. S., Hosking, J., Voss, L. D., & Wilkin, T. J. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.52 · Cited by 89
Sutherland, R., Reeves, P., Campbell, E. M., Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Nathan, N., Wolfenden, L., Okely, A. D., Gillham, K. E., Davies, L. J., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0418-2 · Cited by 85
“The trial was one of a very limited number of school-based physical activity interventions that has demonstrated an increase in objectively measured physical activity coupled with a reduction in weight gain [36–38], and the first study in adolescents [39, 40].”
Backgroundon behalf of the ASK study group, Resaland, G. K., Moe, V. F., Aadland, E., Steene‐Johannessen, J., Glosvik, Ø., Andersen, J. R., Kvalheim, O. M., McKay, H. A., & Anderssen, S. A. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2049-y · Cited by 86
Li, X.-H., Lin, S.-T., Guo, H., Huang, Y., Wu, L., Zhang, Z., Ma, J., & Wang, H. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1282 · Cited by 97
“01) of BMI in a western physical activity intervention [22] was used as reference.”
BackgroundMethodBonvin, A., Barral, J., Kakebeeke, T. H., Kriemler, S., Longchamp, A., Schindler, C., Marques-Vidal, P. M., & Puder, J. J. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-90 · Cited by 85
“Information about parental sociocultural cofounders (migrant status, education and workload) were obtained through a general health questionnaire [33,60-62] which was filled out at home.”
MethodSelf-citationActivity compensation and activity synergy in British 8–13year olds
Goodman, A., Mackett, R. L., & Paskins, J. (2011) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.07.019 · Cited by 83
“…for such activity compensation comes from observational (Wilkin et al., 2006, Fremeaux et al., 2011) and intervention (van Sluijs et al., 2007, Kriemler et al., 2010) studies reporting that participation in active behaviors like physical education lessons does not predict total physical…”
BackgroundHodder, R. K., O’Brien, K. M., Lorien, S. J., Wolfenden, L., Moore, T. H., Hall, A. E., Yoong, S. L., & Summerbell, C. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101635 · Cited by 92
Meyer, U., Romann, M., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Puder, J. J., Kraenzlin, M., Rizzoli, R., & Kriemler, S. (2010) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.11.018 · Cited by 82
“fitness, decreased body fat and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomly selected cohort of elementary school children [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPrevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update.
Mohamud, W. N. W., Musa, K. I., Khir, A. S. M., Ismail, A. A.-S., Ismail, I. S., Kadir, K. A., Kamaruddin, N. A., Yaacob, N. A., Mustafa, N., Ali, O., et al. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 78
Starc, G., & Strel, J. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-61 · Cited by 95
“Our findings are congruent with the findings of some intervention studies that have proven that school interventions can work if they are appropriately implemented and delivered by qualified professionals [39], and that PE specialists provide more effective physical education than non-specialists [40].”
ResultCollaborators, T. I. C. A. D. (., Hansen, B. H., Anderssen, S. A., Andersen, L. B., Hildebrand, M., Kolle, E., Steene-Johannessen, J., Kriemler, S., Page, A. S., Puder, J. J., et al. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0909-1 · Cited by 77
“Observational studies in young people most commonly show weak associations between physical activity and markers of lipid metabolism [24]; however, beneficial associations are usually observed in intervention studies where interventions proved effective in increasing aerobic fitness [25, 26].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAceves‐Martins, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., Moreno‐García, C. F., Escobar, T. G. T., Solà, R., & Giralt, M. (2016) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw004 · Cited by 77
“Only 1 study included the insight domain in the design,(58) and 6 studies mentioned the exchange of the intervention.(36,49,50,56,58,61) The effect”
BackgroundMei, H., Xiong, Y., Xie, S., Guo, S., Li, Y., Guo, B., & Zhang, J. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2829-z · Cited by 81
“Kriemler,2010 [40] European Cluster RCT MF(0.”
Kuhn, A. P., Stoepker, P., Dauenhauer, B. D., & Carson, R. L. (2021) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171211013281 · Cited by 75
Assessment of a two-year school-based physical activity intervention among 7-9-year-old children
Magnusson, K., Sigurgeirsson, I., Sveinsson, T., & Johannsson, E. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-138 · Cited by 71
“A recent study reported a highly effect intervention-program among elementary school children which relied on a multi-component physical activity program, including re-structuring three physical education lessons each week and adding two extra lessons a week, daily short activity breaks, and physical activity homework…”
BackgroundResultGrydeland, M., Bjelland, M., Anderssen, S. A., Klepp, K., Bergh, I. H., Andersen, L. F., Ommundsen, Y., & Lien, N. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092284 · Cited by 84
Physical Activity Interventions in Schools for Improving Lifestyle in European Countries
Mura, G., Rocha, N., Helmich, I., Budde, H., Machado, S. E. D. C., Wegner, M., Nardi, A. E., Arias-Carrión, Ó., Vellante, M., Baum, A. L., et al. (2015) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901511010077 · Cited by 74
“Switzerland papers showed the results of KISS [42-46] and Ballabeina Study [18, 19].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCradock, A. L. I., Barrett, J. L., Kenney, E. L., Giles, C. M., Ward, Z. J., Long, M. W., Resch, S., Pipito, A. A., Wei, E., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.017 · Cited by 73
“02 BMI reduction per 1-min change in MVPA per day (Kriemler et al., 2010) d 1 kg change in weight per 46 kcal/day change in energy balance (range 38–56 kcal/day per kg based on age and sex) (Hall et al.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kriemler, S., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Meyer, U., Hartmann, T., Hebestreit, H., Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., van Mechelen, W., & Puder, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (CH)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kriemler, S.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2010-02-23
- Volume
- 340
- Issue
- feb23 1
- Pages
- c785-c785
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC2827713
- OpenAlex
- W1990388280
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 29.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Universität Basel
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (114401)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007462/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- elementary school students, physical education, adiposity, fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, quality of life, cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, active breaks, childhood obesity prevention, Switzerland, Lausanne
- MeSH terms
- Child, Exercise Therapy, Health Status, Humans, Mental Health, Obesity, Physical Fitness, School Health Services, Cluster Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Adiposity
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