Use of Mendelian randomisation to assess potential benefit of clinical intervention.

‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?*

Davey Smith, G., & Ebrahim, S. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg070 · Cited by 5,882 · see citing works

Mendelian randomization: Using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology

Lawlor, D. A., Harbord, R. M., Sterne, J. A. C., Timpson, N., & Davey Smith, G. (2008) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3034 · Cited by 4,618 · see citing works

Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies

Law, M. R., Morris, J. K., & Wald, N. J. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665 · Cited by 2,775 · see citing works

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk

The International Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10405 · Cited by 2,033 · see citing works

Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Taylor, F., Huffman, M. D., Macedo, A. F., Moore, T. H., Burke, M., Davey Smith, G., Ward, K., Ebrahim, S., & Gay, H. C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004816.pub5 · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works

Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis

Law, M. R., Wald, N. J., & Rudnicka, A. R. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1423 · Cited by 1,720 · see citing works

Genetically Elevated Lipoprotein(a) and Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Kamstrup, P. R. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.801 · Cited by 1,357 · see citing works

Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations

Smith, G. D. (2004) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyh132 · Cited by 1,222 · see citing works

Mendelian randomization as an instrumental variable approach to causal inference

Didelez, V., & Sheehan, N. (2007) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280206077743 · Cited by 923 · see citing works

Association between C reactive protein and coronary heart disease: mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data

C Reactive Protein Coronary Heart Disease Genetics Collaboration (CCGC) (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d548 · Cited by 642 · see citing works

What can mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures?

Smith, G. D., & Ebrahim, S. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1076 · Cited by 545 · see citing works

Obesity Associated Genetic Variation inFTOIs Associated with Diminished Satiety

Wardle, J., Carnell, S., Haworth, C. M. A., Farooqi, I. S., O’Rahilly, S., & Plomin, R. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0472 · Cited by 526 · see citing works

Genetic Variants Influencing Circulating Lipid Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

Waterworth, D. M., Ricketts, S. L., Song, K., Chen, L., Zhao, J. H., Ripatti, S., Aulchenko, Y. S., Zhang, W., Yuan, X., Lim, N., et al. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.201020 · Cited by 405 · see citing works

Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Taylor, F. C., Ward, K. J., Moore, T. H., Burke, M., Smith, G. D., Casas, J. P., & Ebrahim, S. B. J. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004816.pub4 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

Meta‐analysis of large randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of statins on cardiovascular outcomes

Cheung, B. M. Y., Lauder, I. J., Lau, C., & Kumana, C. R. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2003.02060.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works

Limits to Causal Inference based on Mendelian Randomization: A Comparison with Randomized Controlled Trials

Nitsch, D., Molokhia, M., Smeeth, L. L., Stavola, B. L. D., Whittaker, J. C., & Leon, D. A. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj062 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

How to assess the external validity of therapeutic trials: a conceptual approach

Dekkers, O. M., Elm, E. V., Algra, A., Romijn, J. A., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp174 · Cited by 219 · see citing works

Transgenic human C-reactive protein is not proatherogenic in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

Hirschfield, G. M., Gallimore, J. R., Kahan, M., Hutchinson, W. L., Sabin, C. A., Benson, G. M., Dhillon, A. P., Tennent, G. A., & Pepys, M. B. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503202102 · Cited by 192 · see citing works

Obesity and cancer: Mendelian randomization approach utilizing the FTO genotype

Brennan, P., McKay, J., Moore, L. E., Zaridze, D., Mukeria, A., Szeszenia‐Dąbrowska, N., Lissowska, J., Rudnai, P., Fabiánová, E., Mateș, D., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp162 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Compensatory response of IL-1 gene knockout mice after pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae

Tanabe, M., Matsumoto, T., Shibuya, K., et al. (2004) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.45736-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression

Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G., & Burgess, S. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv080 · Cited by 9,816 · see citing works

Mendelian Randomization Analysis With Multiple Genetic Variants Using Summarized Data

Burgess, S., Butterworth, A., & Thompson, S. G. (2013) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.21758 · Cited by 6,050 · see citing works

Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians

Davies, N. M., Holmes, M. V., & Davey Smith, G. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k601 · Cited by 4,404 · see citing works

Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method.

Burgess, S., & Thompson, S. G. (2017) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0255-x · Cited by 4,571 · see citing works

Sensitivity Analyses for Robust Causal Inference from Mendelian Randomization Analyses with Multiple Genetic Variants

Burgess, S., Bowden, J., Fall, T., Ingelsson, E., & Thompson, S. G. (2017) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000559 · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works

Using published data in Mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors

EPIC- InterAct Consortium, Burgess, S., Scott, R. A., Timpson, N. J., Davey Smith, G., & Thompson, S. G. (2015) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0011-z · Cited by 1,803 · see citing works

Multivariable Mendelian randomization: the use of pleiotropic genetic variants to estimate causal effects.

Burgess, S., & Thompson, S. G. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu283 · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works

Combining information on multiple instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization: comparison of allele score and summarized data methods

Burgess, S., Dudbridge, F., & Thompson, S. G. (2016) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6835 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works

Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations

Burgess, S., Davey Smith, G., Davies, N. M., Dudbridge, F., Gill, D., Glymour, M. M., Hartwig, F. P., Holmes, M. V., Minelli, C., Relton, C. L., et al. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15555.2 · Cited by 1,273 · see citing works

Mendelian randomization with a binary exposure variable: interpretation and presentation of causal estimates

Burgess, S., & Labrecque, J. A. (2018) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-018-0424-6 · Cited by 569 · see citing works

Network Mendelian randomization: using genetic variants as instrumental variables to investigate mediation in causal pathways.

Burgess, S., Daniel, R. M., Butterworth, A. S., Thompson, S. G., & the EPIC-InterAct Consortium (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu176 · Cited by 543 · see citing works

Causal mechanisms and balancing selection inferred from genetic associations with polycystic ovary syndrome

Day, F. R., Hinds, D. A., Tung, J. Y., Stolk, L., Styrkarsdottir, U., Saxena, R., Bjonnes, A., Broer, L., Dunger, D. B., Halldorsson, B. V., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9464 · Cited by 459 · see citing works

PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

Schmidt, A. F., Swerdlow, D. I., Holmes, M. V., Patel, R. S., Fairhurst-Hunter, Z., Lyall, D. M., Hartwig, F. P., Horta, B. L., Hyppönen, E., Power, C., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30396-5 · Cited by 380 · see citing works

Association of plasma uric acid with ischaemic heart disease and blood pressure: mendelian randomisation analysis of two large cohorts

Palmer, T. M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Benn, M., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Davey Smith, G., Lawlor, D. A., & Timpson, N. J. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f4262 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Associations between potentially modifiable risk factors and Alzheimer disease: a mendelian randomization study

Østergaard, S. D., Mukherjee, S., Sharp, S. J., Proitsi, P., Lotta, L. A., Day, F., Perry, J. R. B., Boehme, K. L., Walter, S., Kauwe, J. S., et al. (2015) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001841 · Cited by 203 · see citing works

Dissecting Causal Pathways Using Mendelian Randomization with Summarized Genetic Data: Application to Age at Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer.

Burgess, S., Thompson, D. J., Rees, J. M. B., Day, F. R., Perry, J. R., & Ong, K. K. (2017) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.117.300191 · Cited by 197 · see citing works

Body mass index and all cause mortality in HUNT and UK Biobank studies: linear and non-linear mendelian randomisation analyses

Sun, Y.-Q., Burgess, S., Staley, J. R., Wood, A. M., Bell, S., Kaptoge, S. K., Guo, Q., Bolton, T. R., Mason, A. M., Butterworth, A. S., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l1042 · Cited by 193 · see citing works

Contextualizing selection bias in Mendelian randomization: how bad is it likely to be?

Gkatzionis, A., & Burgess, S. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyy202 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Are Mendelian randomization investigations immune from bias due to reverse causation?

Burgess, S., Swanson, S. A., & Labrecque, J. A. (2021) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00726-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Accelerating research on biological aging and mental health: Current challenges and future directions.

Han, L. K. M., Verhoeven, J. E., Tyrka, A. R., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Månsson, K. N. T., Lindqvist, D., Boks, M. P., Révész, D., Mellon, S. H., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Use of Multivariable Mendelian Randomization to Address Biases Due to Competing Risk Before Recruitment

Schooling, C. M., Lopez, P. M., Yang, Z., Zhao, J. V., Au Yeung, S. L., & Huang, J. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.610852 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Cardiometabolic Risk in PCOS: More than a Reproductive Disorder

Torchen, L. C. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0956-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of adiposity on hospital costs

Dixon, P., Hollingworth, W., Harrison, S., Davies, N. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2020) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102300 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Serum Triglycerides and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from Clinical and Genetic Studies

Tada, H., Nohara, A., & Kawashiri, M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111789 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Re: “Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: The Use of Pleiotropic Genetic Variants to Estimate Causal Effects”

Burgess, S., Dudbridge, F., & Thompson, S. G. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv017 · Cited by 945 · see citing works

Multivariable Mendelian randomization: the use of pleiotropic genetic variants to estimate causal effects.

Burgess, S., & Thompson, S. G. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu283 · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works

Mendelian Randomization: How Genetics Is Pushing the Boundaries of Epidemiology to Identify New Causes of Heart Disease

Thanassoulis, G. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2012.09.014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Beyond Mendelian randomization: how to interpret evidence of shared genetic predictors

Burgess, S., Butterworth, A. S., & Thompson, J. R. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.001 · Cited by 92 · see citing works