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Cited by 132Diabetes Management and EducationMental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study

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Sun, Nianquan, Lou, Peian, Shang, Yan, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Jian, Chang, Guiqiu, Shi, Chunlei·2016·BMJ Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012540PMC PMC5013513
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Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression and to assess their impact on glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Community-based investigation in Xuzhou, China. Participants: 893 Chinese men and women aged 18–84 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Methods: People with type 2 diabetes completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales. Demographic and physiological characteristics were recorded. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the combined effect of factors associated with anxiety and depression and to assess the effects of anxiety and depression on glycaemic control. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was 56.1% and 43.6%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that anxiety symptoms were associated with being woman, low income, chronic disease, depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality. Depressive symptoms were associated with being woman, older age, low education level, being single, diabetes complications, anxiety symptoms and poor sleep quality. Glycaemic control was not related to anxiety symptoms (OR=1.31, 95% CIs 0.94 to 1.67) or depressive symptoms (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.63). A combination of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was associated with poor glycaemic control (relative excess risk due to interaction: 4.93, 95% CI 2.09 to 7.87; attributable proportion due to interaction: 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.45). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in this Chinese sample of participants, although depression and anxiety were not singly associated with glycaemic control. However, a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was negatively correlated with glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes.

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Figure 1 Odds ratios for the association between depression and glycaemic control by anxiety symptoms in participants with T2DM. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Figure 1 Odds ratios for the association between depression and glycaemic control by anxiety symptoms in participants with T2DM. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Sun, N., Lou, P., Shang, Y., Zhang, P., Wang, J., Chang, G., & Shi, C.
Affiliations
  • Xuzhou Cancer Hospital (CN)
  • Xuzhou Medical College (CN)
Corresponding author
Lou, Peian
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2016-08
Volume
6
Issue
8
Pages
e012540
ISSN
2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012540
PMC
PMC5013513
OpenAlex
W2511420167
Cited by
132
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
FWCI
11.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
Government of Jiangsu Province
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, comorbid depression and anxiety, glycemic control, sleep quality, socioeconomic factors, diabetes complications, prevalence, Chinese adults
MeSH terms
Aged, Anxiety, China, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Educational Status, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Income, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Marital Status

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