Pharmacological and behavioural interventions to promote smoking cessation in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Smoking in people with serious mental illness is a major public health problem and contributes to significant levels of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the review was to systematically examine the efficacy of methods used to aid smoking cessation in people with serious mental illness. METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and behavioural programmes for smoking cessation in people with serious mental illness. Electronic databases were searched for trials to July 2018. We used the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. RESULTS: Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Varenicline increased the likelihood of smoking cessation at both 3 months (risk ratio (RR) 3.56, 95% CI 1.82 to 6.96, p=0.0002) and at 6 months (RR 3.69, 95% CI 1.08 to 12.60, p=0.04). Bupropion was effective at 3 months (RR 3.96, 95% CI 1.86 to 8.40, p=0.0003), especially at a dose of 300 mg/day, but there was no evidence of effect at 6 months (RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.52 to 9.47, p=0.28). In one small study, nicotine therapy proved effective at increasing smoking cessation up to a period of 3 months. Bupropion used in conjunction with nicotine replacement therapy showed more effect than single use. Behavioural and bespoke interventions showed little overall benefit. Side effects were found to be low. CONCLUSION: The new information of this review was the effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation at both 3 and 6 months and the lack of evidence to support the use of both bupropion and nicotine products for sustained abstinence longer than 3 months. Overall, the review found relatively few studies in this population.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
All three pharmacological interventions (bupropion, varenicline, nicotine replacement therapy) are by large equally effective for tobacco use disorder or nicotine dependence.
“but with all three pharmacological interventions (bupropion, varenicline, NRT) being, by large, equally effective for TUD or ND (80)”
From The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder—A narrative review (2023) · cites this paper as [80]
The Results section reports different three-month effects: bupropion and varenicline each had a number needed to treat of 6, while NRT had a number needed to treat of 15 and was described as the least effective. The Discussion also calls varenicline the most successful treatment and says evidence does not support bupropion or nicotine products for cessation beyond three months. The review therefore does not support describing all three as broadly equally effective. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,759 · see citing works
Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease
(1959) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/22.4.719 · Cited by 14,689 · see citing works
Systematic Reviews in Health Care : Meta-Analysis in Context
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., & Altman, D. G. (2000) · Cited by 2,312 · see citing works
Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews
Dickersin, K., Scherer, R. W., & Lefebvre, C. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6964.1286 · Cited by 2,255 · see citing works
Saha, S., Chant, D., & McGrath, J. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1123 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
de Leon, J., & Diaz, F. J. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.010 · Cited by 1,276 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis
Cahill, K., Stevens, S., Perera, R., & Lancaster, T. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009329.pub2 · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
Anthenelli, R. M., Benowitz, N. L., West, R., St Aubin, L., McRae, T., Lawrence, D., Ascher, J., Russ, C., Krishen, A., & Evins, A. E. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30272-0 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works
Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature
Leucht, S., Burkard, T., Henderson, J., Maj, M., & Sartorius, N. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01095.x · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Goff, D. C., Sullivan, L. M., McEvoy, J. P., Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A., Daumit, G. L., Lamberti, S., D'Agostino, R. B., Stroup, T. S., Davis, S., et al. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.08.010 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia
McCreadie, R. G., & Scottish Schizophrenia Lifestyle Group (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.183.6.534 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wu, P., Wilson, K., Dimoulas, P., & Mills, E. J. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-300 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia
McCreadie, R. G., & Scottish Schizophrenia Lifestyle Group (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/03-162 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
George, T. P., Ziedonis, D. M., Feingold, A., Pepper, W. T., Satterburg, C. A., Winkel, J. D., Rounsaville, B. J., & Kosten, T. R. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1835 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Lohr, J. B., & FLYNN, K. (1992) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(92)90024-y · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Kelly, C., & McCreadie, R. G. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.11.1751 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Interventions for smoking cessation and reduction in individuals with schizophrenia
Tsoi, D. T., Porwal, M., & Webster, A. C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007253.pub3 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
A placebo controlled trial of bupropion for smoking cessation in schizophrenia
George, T. P., Vessicchio, J. C., Termine, A., Bregartner, T. A., Feingold, A., Rounsaville, B. J., & Kosten, T. R. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01339-2 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Hall, S. M., & Prochaska, J. J. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153614 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Baker, A., Richmond, R., Haile, M., Lewin, T. J., Carr, V. J., Taylor, R. L., Jansons, S., & Wilhelm, K. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1934 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Evins, A. E., Cather, C., Deckersbach, T., Freudenreich, O., Maravić, M. C., Olm-Shipman, C. M., Henderson, D. C., Schoenfeld, D., GOFF, D. C., & Rigotti, N. A. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000162802.54076.18 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Cerimele, J. M., & Durango, A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11r07410 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Evins, A. E., Mays, V. K., Rigotti, N. A., Tisdale, T., Cather, C., & Goff, D. C. (2001) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200110073920 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Evins, A. E., Cather, C., Culhane, M. A., Birnbaum, A., Horowitz, J., Hsieh, E., Freudenreich, O., Henderson, D. C., Schoenfeld, D. A., Rigotti, N. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0b013e3180ca86fa · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Peckham, E., Brabyn, S., Cook, L., Tew, G., & Gilbody, S. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1419-7 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Williams, J. M., Anthenelli, R. M., Morris, C. D., Treadow, J., Thompson, J. R., Yunis, C., & George, T. P. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11m07522 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
George, T. P., Vessicchio, J. C., Sacco, K. A., Weinberger, A. H., Dudas, M. M., Allen, T. M., Creeden, C. L., Potenza, M. N., Feingold, A., & Jatlow, P. I. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.11.002 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Cigarette smoking and mortality risk in people with schizophrenia
Kelly, D. L., McMahon, R. P., Wehring, H. J., Liu, F., Mackowick, K. M., Boggs, D. L., Warren, K. R., Feldman, S., Shim, J.-C., Love, R. C., et al. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp152 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Williams, J. M., Ziedonis, D. M., Abanyie, F. A., Steinberg, M. L., Foulds, J., & Benowitz, N. L. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.016 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Obesity and Associated Complications in Patients With Severe Mental Illnesses
Susce, M. T., Villanueva, N., DÍAZ, F. J., & de León, J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0203 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Medical co‐morbidity risk factors and barriers to care for people with schizophrenia
Muir‐Cochrane, E. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2006.01002.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Strand, J.-E., & Nybäck, H. (2004) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.005 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Chengappa, K. N. R., Perkins, K. A., Brar, J. S., Schlicht, P. J., Turkin, S. R., Hetrick, M. L., Levine, M. D., & George, T. P. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08756 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Gilbody, S. M., Peckham, E. J., Man, M., Mitchell, N., Li, J., Becque, T., Hewitt, C. E., Knowles, S. E., Bradshaw, T., Planner, C., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00091-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Smith, R. C., Amiaz, R., Si, T., Maayan, L. A., Jin, H., Boules, S., Sershen, H. W., Li, C., Ren, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143490 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Gallagher, S. M., Penn, P. E., Schindler, E., & Layne, W. (2007) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2007.10399888 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Weiner, E., Buchholz, A. S., Coffay, A. O., Liu, F., McMahon, R. P., Buchanan, R. W., & Kelly, D. L. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.02.003 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia
Tidey, J. W., Rohsenow, D. J., Kaplan, G. B., Swift, R. M., & Reid, N. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2282-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Baker, A. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.11.1934 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Williams, J. M., Steinberg, M. L., Zimmermann, M. H., Gandhi, K. K., Stipelman, B. A., Budsock, P. D., & Ziedonis, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.03.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A Preliminary Study of Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in Bipolar Disorder
Weinberger, A. H., Vessicchio, J. C., Sacco, K. A., Creeden, C. L., Chengappa, K. N. R., & George, T. P. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318184ba3c · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Bupropion Sustained Release Added to Group Support for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia
Weiner, E., Ball, M. P., Buchholz, A. S., Gold, J. M., Evins, A. E., McMahon, R. P., & Buchanan, R. W. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06143gre · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A preliminary feasibility study of varenicline for smoking cessation in bipolar disorder
Wu, B. S., Weinberger, A. H., Mancuso, E., Wing, V. C., Haji-Khamneh, B., Levinson, A. J., & George, T. P. (2012) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2012.671067 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pearsall, R., Hughes, S., Geddes, J. R., & Pelosi, A. J. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-38 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, H., Lan, T., & Wu, B.-J. (2012) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-012-0338-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bloch, B., Reshef, A., Cohen, T. R., Tafla, A., Gathas, S., Israel, S., Gritsenko, I., Kremer, I., & Ebstein, R. P. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.12.015 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nicotine intake and smoking topography in smokers with bipolar disorder
Williams, J. M., Gandhi, K. K., Lu, S., Steinberg, M. L., & Benowitz, N. L. (2012) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01047.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bennett, M. E., Brown, C. H., Li, L., Himelhoch, S. S., Bellack, A. S., & Dixon, L. B. (2015) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2015.1104481 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jeon, D.-W., Shim, J.-C., Kong, B.-G., Moon, J., Seo, Y.-S., Kim, S.-J., Oh, M., & Jung, D.-U. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.016 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effects of Topiramate on Smoking in Patients With Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Type
Weinberger, A. H., George, T. P., Perkins, K. A., & Chengappa, K. N. R. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31816740cf · Cited by 12 · see citing works
An efficacy analysis of bupropion for smoking cessation in schizophrenia
Li, J. (2009) · Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [19]Higgins JPT, Green S Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. England: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
- [39]Wing VC, Bacher I, Daskalakis ZJ, et al A preliminary study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35: S163.
- [49]George TP, Vessicchio JC, Termine A, et al A placebo controlled trial of bupropion for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52: 53– 61. 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01339-2 12079730 · DOI
- [51]Akbarpour F, Rezaei O, Khodaie-Ardakani M-, et al A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of bupropion for smoking abstinence and cognition improvement in schizophrenia. Minerva Psichiatr 2010; 51: 263– 9.
- [55]Hong E Moderate dose varenicline treatment on neurobiological and cognitive biomarkers in schizophrenia smokers and non-smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36: S97– S98.
- [56]George TP, Ziedonis DM, Feingold A, et al Nicotine transdermal patch and atypical antipsychotic medications for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1835– 42. 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1835 11058482 · DOI
- [58]Szombathyne-Meszaros Z, Dimmock JA, Ploutz-Snyder R, et al Oral naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence in schizophrenia is not effective for smoking cessation. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2010; 34: 176A.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness
Nielsen, R. E., Banner, J., & Jensen, S. E. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00463-7 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence‐based atlas
Arango, C., Dragioti, E., Solmi, M., Cortese, S., Domschke, K., Murray, R. M., Jones, P. B., Uher, R., Carvalho, A. F., Reichenberg, A., et al. (2021) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20894 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Evins, A. E., West, R., Benowitz, N. L., Russ, C., Lawrence, D., McRae, T. D., Maravić, M. C., Heffner, J. L., & Anthenelli, R. M. (2020) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000032 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Galderisi, S., Binder, M. D., Prato, S. D., Fagiolini, A. M., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Leucht, S., Maggioni, A. P., Mucci, A., & Arango, C. (2021) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.115 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hawes, M. R., Roth, K. B., & Cabassa, L. J. (2021) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2021.1944712 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Guo, K., Zhou, L., Shang, X., Yang, C., Fenfen, E., Wang, Y., Xu, M., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Li, M., et al. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109672 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Spanakis, P., Peckham, E., Young, B., Heron, P., Bailey, D., & Gilbody, S. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15724 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Deep rTMS of the insula and prefrontal cortex in smokers with schizophrenia: Proof-of-concept study
Moeller, S. J., Gil, R. B., Weinstein, J. J., Baumvoll, T., Wengler, K., Fallon, N., Snellenberg, J. X. V., Abeykoon, S. K., Perlman, G., Williams, J. C., et al. (2022) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-022-00224-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lima, D. R., Carvalho, C. F. C., Guimarães-Pereira, B. B. S., Loreto, A. R., Frallonardo, F. P., Ismael, F., de Andrade, A. G., & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.03.014 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Grunze, A., Mosolov, S., Grunze, H., & Born, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1114432 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Smoking cessation for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Bekkering, G. E., Detraux, J., López-López, J. A., Hert, M. D., Evins, A. E., Vanhove, A.-C., Cloetens, H., Algarni, A. M., Vandendriessche, T., Agarwal, A., et al. (2026) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2025-002190 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Talukder, S. R., Lappin, J., Boland, V. C., McRobbie, H. J., & Courtney, R. J. (2021) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056843 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Arranz, B., Garriga, M., Bernardo, M., González-Pinto, A. M., Arrojo, M., Torrens, M., Tirado-Muñoz, J., Fonseca, F., Sáiz, P. A., Flórez, G., et al. (2021) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.1504 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Miedlich, S. U., & Lamberti, J. S. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15301 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pinho, S., Rocha, V., & Vieira‐Coelho, M. A. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Gil, F., Torales, J. C., & Ventriglio, A. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108541 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rossom, R. C., Crain, A. L., Waring, S. C., Sperl‐Hillen, J. M., Hooker, S. A., Miley, K. M., & O’Connor, P. J. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.22m14710 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Carolan, A., Keating, D., Marmion, A., Coady, A., Ryan, I. J., Hynes, C., O'Donoghue, B. N., Strawbridge, J., & Ryan, C. A. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.10476 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Schnitzer, K., Maravić, M. C., Arntz, D., Phillips, N. L., Pachas, G. N., Evins, A. E., & Fetters, M. D. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/25390 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Varenicline (Chantix): The Smoking Cessation Medication Prescribers May Be Avoiding
Mills, J. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2061806 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Agents for Treatment of Withdrawal and Dependency: Varenicline
Jacob, C. C., & Polak, T. T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_350-1
Baklouti, E., Karoui, M., Kammoun, R., & Ellouze, F. (2022) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.5247
Ortner, J., Bengesser, S., Wagner‐Skacel, J., Fellendorf, F. T., Fleischmann, E., Ratzenhofer, M., Lenger, M., Queissner, R., Tmava‐Berisha, A., Platzer, M., et al. (2022) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-1871-9628
Faint, N., Cuesta‐Briand, B., & Coleman, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.868212 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Agents for Treatment of Withdrawal and Dependency: Varenicline
Jacob, C. C., & Polak, T. T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_350
Perceptions and attitudes of people with severe mental disorders towards smoking in Greece
Papadosifaki, G., Psarra, V., Touloumis, C., Tzavara, C. K., Farsalinos, K. E., Sakellari, Ε., Lagiou, A., & Barbouni, A. (2023) · Psychiatriki · doi:10.22365/jpsych.2023.022
Coteur, K., Tops, L., Bekkering, G. E., Fonseca, L. D. A. F., van den Brand, F. A., Cloetens, H., Zeng, L., Aertgeerts, B., Delvaux, N., Agarwal, A., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-109865
Japuntich, S. J., Adkins-Hempel, M., Sacasa, N. G., Lundtvedt, C., Becker, S. J., Helseth, S. A., Pratt, R. J., Tidey, J. W., DUNSIGER, S. I., Evins, A. E., et al. (2026) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01727-1
- Authors
- Pearsall, R., Smith, D. J., & Geddes, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Monklands Hospital (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pearsall, Robert
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e027389
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6924825
- OpenAlex
- W2948759959
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Medical Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe mental illness, varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, behavioral interventions, pharmacological interventions, nicotine dependence, sustained abstinence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior Therapy, Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Schizophrenia, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
