Comparative evaluation of group-based mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment and management of chronic pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
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Question: This review compares mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in its ability to improve physical functioning and reduce pain intensity and distress in patients with chronic pain (CP), when evaluated against control conditions. Study selection and analysis: Ovid MEDLINE, EmbaseClassic+Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome measure was physical functioning. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and depression symptoms. We used random and fixed effects (RE and FE) network meta-analyses (NMA) to compare MBSR, CBT and control interventions on the standardised mean difference scale. Findings: Twenty-one studies were included: 13 CBT vs control (n=1095), 7 MBSR vs control (n=545) and 1 MBSR vs CBT vs control (n=341). Of the 21 articles, 12 were determined to be of fair or good quality. Findings from RE NMA for change in physical functioning, pain intensity and depression revealed clinically important advantages relative to control for MBSR and CBT, but no evidence of an important difference between MBSR and CBT was found. Conclusions: This review suggests that MBSR offers another potentially helpful intervention for CP management. Additional research using consistent measures is required to guide decisions about providing CBT or MBSR.
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The findings are reassuring that patients with chronic low back pain, regardless of the baseline characteristics examined to date, could reasonably expect benefit from either CBT or MBSR.
“Our findings are reassuring that patients with CLBP, regardless of these baseline characteristics examined to date, could reasonably expect to benefit from either CBT or MBSR.44”
From Moderators and Nonspecific Predictors of Treatment Benefits in a Randomized Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy vs Usual Care for Chronic Low Back Pain (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
The Conclusions and Clinical Implications and Limitations and Recommendations sections (page numbers unavailable) report benefits from both CBT and MBSR for adults with chronic pain; the review included some chronic low back pain studies. It does not establish benefit regardless of baseline characteristics, and explicitly says it cannot yet determine which intervention might be more beneficial for patients with different pain, medical, and psychosocial presentations. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared to TAU, MBI produced a significant reduction at post-treatment in depressive symptoms, in one out of two studies, and an increase in emotional awareness and self-regulation, in the one study that addressed this.
“As in previous research in chronic pain (Veehof et al., 2016; Hilton et al., 2017; Khoo et al., 2019), compared to TAU, MBI produced a significant reduction at post-treatment in depressive symptoms, in one out of two studies (De Jong et al., 2018), and an increase in emotional awareness and self-regulation, in the one study that addressed this (De Jong et al., 2016).”
From A systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions for comorbid chronic pain and clinically relevant psychological distress (2023) · cites this paper as Khoo et al., 2019
There is some evidence for specific effects of different forms of meditation practice on both the brain and behavior with longer and more intensive practice.
“There is some evidence for specific effects of different forms of meditation practice on both the brain and behavior with longer and more intensive practice163–167.”
From A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions (2022) · cites this paper as [167]
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript interventions did not differ from other evidence-based interventions across clinical outcomes (e.g., Goldberg et al., 2017; Khoo et al., 2019).”
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A synthesis of meta-analyses of mindfulness-based interventions in pain
Sharpe, L., Richmond, B., Menzies, R. E., Forrest, D., Crombez, G., & Colagiuri, B. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002997 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Pain Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Commentary
Keefer, L., Hashash, J. G., Szigethy, E., & Mayer, E. A. (2024) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.034 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Li, W. W., Nannestad, J., Leow, T. Y. Q., & Heward, C. (2024) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/20551029241302969 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This fi nding is consistent with fi ndings in recent reviews that compare the ef fi cacy between MBSR and CBT in chronic pain (Khoo et al., 2019) and mental health outcomes of anxiety, depression and sleep quality (Li et al., 2021a).”
Cheng, D. K., Lai, K. S. P., Pico-Espinosa, O. J., Rice, D., Chung, C. L. R., Modarresi, G., & Sud, A. (2021) · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab248 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“08; nine RCTs; 761 participants [82]) demonstrated small effects.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChen, J. A., Anderson, M. L., Cherkin, D. C., Balderson, B. H., Cook, A. J., Sherman, K. J., & Turner, J. A. (2023) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.09.014 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mobile applications for the management of chronic physical conditions: a systematic review
Jiménez-Muñoz, L., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Porras‐Segovia, A., Courtet, P., & Baca‐García, E. (2020) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.15081 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Taub, R., Horesh, D., Rubin, N., Glick, I., Reem, O., Shriqui, G., & Agmon-Levin, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10194450 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Weitlauf, A. S., Broderick, N. A., Stainbrook, J. A., Slaughter, J. C., Taylor, J. L., Herrington, C. G., Nicholson, A. G., Santulli, M., Dorris, K., Garrett, L. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05399-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Umbrella Review
Cardle, P., Kumar, S., Leach, M., McEvoy, M. P., & Veziari, Y. (2023) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s392375 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In some instances, MBI were no better than other interventions (such as CBT), as highlighted by Khoo et al.36 In one review, Eccleston et al19 found that internet-delivered psychological therapies, which included MBI, reduced headache pain and non-headache related pain with a small effect size, although it was reporte…”
MethodMindfulness vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain Treated With Opioids
Zgierska, A. E., Edwards, R. R., Barrett, B. P., Burzinski, C. A., Jamison, R. N., Nakamura, Y., Henningfield, M. F., Tuan, W., Shen, C., Sehgal, N., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.3204 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
How to Distinguish Non-Inflammatory from Inflammatory Pain in RA?
Khot, S., Tackley, G., & Choy, E. (2024) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-024-01159-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Therefore, mindfulness-based therapies could be offered additionally to CBT for improving pain severity and reducing pain interference and psychological distress in in patients with RA [124, 126].”
BackgroundEffects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for chronic pain: A multicenter study
Pardos-Gascón, E. M., Narambuena, L., Leal-Costa, C., Ramos-Morcillo, A. J., Ruzafa-Martínez, M., & van-der Hofstadt Román, C. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136951 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zgierska, A. E., Burzinski, C. A., Garland, E. L., Lennon, R. P., Jamison, R., Nakamura, Y., Barrett, B., Sehgal, N., Mirgain, S. A., Singles, J. M., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106548 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Morcillo-Muñoz, Y., Castellano, M. H. J., Exposito, F. J. D., Sánchez-Guarnido, A. J., Alcantara, M. G., & Baena-Parejo, M. I. (2021) · Clinics and Practice · doi:10.3390/clinpract11030072 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Our results also found that the statement related to relaxation or meditation as a means of distancing oneself from pain and reducing suffering is in line with the results of studies on cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), which comprises a state of awareness that has been characterized as…”
ResultWarth, M., Koehler, F., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Bardenheuer, H. J., Ditzen, B., & Keßler, J. (2020) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13249 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhu, M., Wong, S. Y. S., Zhong, C. C., Zeng, Y., Xie, L., Lee, E. K. P., Chung, V. C., & Sit, R. W. S. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112061 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Meditation for adults with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Soares, L. O., Ferreira, G. E., Costa, L. O. P., Nogueira, L. A. C., Meziat‐Filho, N., & dos Reis, F. J. J. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2021-0096 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Adewumi, A. D., Maravilla, J. C., Alati, R., Hollingworth, S., Hu, X., Loveday, B., & Connor, J. P. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106458 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gentile, C., Starnino, L., Dupuis, G., & D’Antono, B. (2021) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2021.1887421 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pain) (Khoo et al., 2019; Lakhan & Schofield, 2013).”
BackgroundAdewumi, A. D., Maravilla, J. C., Alati, R., Hollingworth, S., Hu, X., Loveday, B., & Connor, J. P. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01079-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Facilities that may improve health (and pain) outcomes such as specialist supervised exercise [28], cognitive-behavioural therapy [29] and mindfulness-based stress reduction [30], which are often available in affluent locations may be lacking in lower socioeconomic status areas [31].”
BackgroundEvaluation of the Empower Veterans Program for Military Veterans With Chronic Pain
Uche (2022) · Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management · doi:10.12788/jcom.0089 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shifting the perspective: how positive thinking can help diminish the negative effects of pain
Boselie, J. J. L. M., & Peters, M. L. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2022-0129 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jørgensen, M. A., Pallesen, K. J., Fjorback, L. O., & Juul, L. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/cts.13100 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mapping the associations of daily pain, sleep, and psychological distress in a U.S. sample
Anderson, A. R., & Holliday, D. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00432-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This study makes use used to treat pain and its related factors with some success (Feliu-Soler et al., 2018 ; Khoo et al., 2019 ).”
BackgroundMethodFeasibility of an online health intervention for Latinas with chronic pain.
Pagan‐Ortiz, M. E., & Cortés, D. E. (2020) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000341 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sud, A., Lai, K. S. P., Cheng, D. K.-Y., Chung, C., Pico-Espinosa, O. J., & Rice, D. B. (2020) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2021.24.61-72 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMindful Walking in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Rotter, G., Ortiz, M., Binting, S., Tomzik, J., Reese, F., Roll, S., Brinkhaus, B., & Teut, M. (2022) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2021.0361 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Reviews and systematic reviews report mindful interventions’ beneficial impact.(16,20,21) A systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating chronic pain showed improvement in chronic pain management after mindfulness meditation interventions.”
Gascón, E. M. P., Narambuena, L., Leal‐Costa, C., Ramos‐Morcillo, A. J., Ruzafa‐Martínez, M., & Román, C. J. V.-D. H. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10163544 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These results are contradictory to previous literature [11], which indicates a similar efficacy.”
ResultFernández‐Castilla, B., & Noortgate, W. V. D. (2022) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-022-01905-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
López-Ramón, M. F., Campos, V. M., Alonso-Esteban, Y., Navarro‐Pardo, E., & Marín, F. A. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02234-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“For instance, Khoo et al. (2019) found that MBSR training can enhance physical functioning and reduce pain intensity and distress in patients with chronic pain.”
BackgroundCommunity-Based Yoga for Women Undergoing Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Galantino, M. L., Turetzkin, S., Lawlor, S., Jones, L., & Brooks, J. C. (2021) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_103_20 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“[40] One meta‐analysis suggests that mindfulness‐based interventions offer potentially helpful skills for persistent pain management, which has implications for women in recovery.[41] If persistent pain complicates addiction, using multifaceted mind‐body interventions, including yoga in overall sustainable recovery, w…”
BackgroundVidanage, K., Noor, N. M. M., & Sathsara, S. (2024) · International Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s41870-024-01900-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“T h i s ca n b e u tili ze d a s e n r i c h e d i npu t f o r t h e CB T a n a l y s i s C ogn iti v e B e h a v i o r a l T h e r a py ( CB T ) [ 51 ] G o l d s t a nd a r d p s y c ho t h e r a p e u ti c t r ea t m e n t s t r a t e gy u tili ze d t o c l a ss i f y t h e i n t e r n a l s e l…”
Bijker, L., de Wit, L. M., Cuijpers, P. J., Poolman, E. Y., Scholten-Peeters, G. G. M., & Coppieters, M. W. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050808 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
McCallion, E. A., Robinson, C. S. H., Clark, V. P., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01323-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kovacevic, M., Montes, M., Tirone, V., Pridgen, S., Smith, D. L., Burns, J. W., & Held, P. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22979 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…such as mindfulness and yoga, have previously been found to be helpful in addressing pain (Cramer et al., 2013, 2017; Goldstein et al., 2019; Khoo et al., 2019; Lee & Ernst, 2011; Shires et al., 2020; Veehof et al., 2016), it is unclear whether combining evidence-based treatments for PTSD…”
Liu, Z., Wan, J., & Liu, S. (2026) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2026.218318 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Feasibility of Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Veterans Managing Chronic Pain
Chen, S., Liu, H.-T., Appelt, J. C., Klassen, B. L., Liu, L., Smith, J. L., & Cruz, A. M. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/00084174231156276 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“In the past two decades, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been evaluated and have demonstrated positive outcomes in multiple domains for individuals with chronic pain (Bawa et al., 2015; Creswell, 2017; Hilton et al., 2017; Khoo et al., 2019; Veehof et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPresti, S. L., Origlia, S., Gianelli, C., & Canessa, N. (2023) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26312 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…connectivity (Brewer et al., 2011) and cortical thickness (Afonso et al., 2020; Grant et al., 2010), which, based on the role of this region in pain processing (Russo & Sheth, 2015), might support the greater pain tolerance compared with naïve subjects (Khoo et al., 2019; Zeidan & Vago, 2016).”
Chen, S., Gao, X., Shi, T., Zuo, X., Hong, C., Zhang, Y., You, B., Li, F., Jackson, T., & He, Y. (2023) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-023-00551-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“MBSR and CBT were found to be significantly more effective than no treatment in reducing physical impairment and depressive symptoms, but not in pain severity [9].”
BackgroundSud, A., Nelson, M. L. A., Cheng, D. K.-Y., Armas, A., Foat, K., Greiver, M., Hosseiny, F., Katz, J. D., Moineddin, R., Mulsant, B. H., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04243-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Shift in Valence Bias Associated with Decrease in Trait Anxiety and Depression Symptoms
Harp, N. R., Blair, J., & Neta, M. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10437-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The cultivation of mindfulness through MBIs is a well-known method for improving both physical (e.g., chronic pain, neurogenic inflammation; Khoo et al., 2019; Rosenkranz et al., 2013) and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety; Querstret et al., 2020), as well as psychological…”
MethodScholten, S., Herzog, P., Glombiewski, J. A., & Kaiser, T. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003363 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Miller-Matero, L. R., Gavrilova, L., Hecht, L. M., Autio, K., Tobin, E. T., Braciszewski, J. M., Maye, M. P., Felton, J. W., & Ahmedani, B. K. (2022) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13134 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“and these various options appear to be similarly effective.(14,27) Combining strategies from each of these interventions could offer a variety of evidence- based components in a single intervention while also allowing for delivery of the treatment in a brief format.”
BackgroundReynolds, K., Sommer, J. L., Roy, R., Kornelsen, J., Mackenzie, C. S., & El-Gabalawy, R. M. (2024) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Salaberría, K., Ruiz‐Iriondo, M., Pérez, J. I., Barandiarán, A., & Iruín, Á. (2022) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.617 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yay-Pence, A., Aslan, S., Çöldür, M., Atalay, Z., Beba, B., Sayın, C. C., Aydin, E., Gumus, Z., Uckan, A. S., Sahinoglu, E. N., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116632 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Venturin, D., Battimelli, A., di Cara, G., & Poser, A. (2024) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2024.2336099 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…effectiveness in reducing stress and enhancing an individual’s capacity to cope positively with the distressing and disabling sensation of pain, ultimately leading to an improvement in associated disability (Hughes et al., 2017; Khoo et al., 2019; Krause et al., 2021; Smith and Langen, 2020).”
Misje, M., Ask, T., Skouen, J. S., Anderson, B., & Magnussen, L. H. (2023) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2227967 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Stress management training, CBT and MBSR have previously been found to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic pain and fibromyalgia (Cash et al., 2015; Karlsson, Burell, Anderberg, and Svärdsudd, 2015; Khoo et al., 2019) supporting the findings of the present study.”
Garreta-Catala, I., Planas, R., Abouzari, R., Carnaval, T., Solé, J. M. N., Videla, S., Agulló, J.-L., the EN-FORMA study group, Calvis-Garcia, P., Carmezim, J., et al. (2023) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06763-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Designing voice interfaces to support mindfulness-based pain management
Mendu, S., Fosco, S. L. D., Lanza, S. T., & Abdullah, S. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231204418 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“24,11 MBSR has also been shown to signi fi cantly reduce the perception of pain intensity and functional limitations.”
BackgroundCherkin, D. C. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.7081 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pauly, T., Nicol, A., Lay, J. C., Ashe, M. C., Gerstorf, D., Graf, P., Linden, W., Madden, K. M., Mahmood, A. N., Murphy, R. A., et al. (2023) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980823000326 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Mindfulness is a mental state that has been shown to affect various types of chronic pain (Hilton et al., 2017; Khoo et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPerspective on salutogenic approaches to persistent pain with a focus on mindfulness interventions
Paley, C. A., & Johnson, M. I. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1188758 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Moreira, M. D. F., Gamboa, O. L., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02381-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For instance, there was no improvement for fibromyalgia (Lauche et al., 2013) and low back pain (Pardos-Gascón et al., 2021), but a small effect size was observed for mixed chronic pain populations (Khoo et al., 2019).”
Rocca, G. L., Orlando, V., Galieri, G., Mazzucchi, E., Pignotti, F., Cusumano, D., Bazzu, P., Olivi, A., & Sabatino, G. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14090917 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Managing Older Adults' Chronic Pain: Lower-Risk Interventions
Arnstein, P. M., Shade, M. Y., Herr, K., Young, H. M., & Fishman, S. M. (2023) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000919740.00088.93 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Khoo, E.-L., Small, R., Cheng, W., Hatchard, T., Glynn, B., Rice, D. B., Skidmore, B., Kenny, S., Hutton, B., & Poulin, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (CA)
- Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Poulin, Patricia A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Evidence Based Mental Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-01-31
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-35
- ISSN
- 1362-0347 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-960X
- PMC
- PMC10270397
- OpenAlex
- W2913124466
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-Based Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive behavioral therapy, chronic pain, physical function, pain intensity, depression, group intervention, psychological pain management
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychotherapy, Group, Stress, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Chronic Pain, Mindfulness
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