Pre-exercise β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free-acid supplementation improves work capacity recovery: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single-dose of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. Twenty-three trained young males were randomly assigned to receive either a single-dose supplementation of 3 g of HMB-FA (n = 12; age, 22.8 ± 3.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 11; age, 22.9 ± 3.1 years). A muscle damage protocol was applied 60 min after supplementation, and consisted of 7 sets of 20 drop jumps from a 60-cm box with 2-min rest intervals between sets. Muscle swelling, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), and work capacity (WC) were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the exercise protocol. Muscle swelling, CMJ, and MVIT changed similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.001), but returned to pre-exercise levels after 24 h in both groups. WC decreased similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.01). For HMB-FA, WC returned to pre-exercise level 24 h after exercise protocol. However, for PLA, WC did not return to pre-exercise level even 72 h after the exercise protocol. In summary, a single-dose of HMB-FA supplementation improved WC recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. However, HMB-FA did not affect the time-course of muscle swelling, MVIT, and CMJ recovery.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The leucine-derived compound HMB improves work capacity recovery after high-intensity exercise.
“The leucine-derived compound HMB has shown to improve work capacity recovery after high-intensity exercise [133], and may attenuate markers of muscle damage, augment acute immune and endocrine responses while preventing loss of lean body mass in catabolic situations [134].”
From The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates (2020) · cites this paper as [133]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies
Shim, J., Oh, K., & Kim, H. C. (2014) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih/e2014009 · Cited by 1,556 · see citing works
Proske, U., & Morgan, D. L. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00333.x · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006 · Cited by 1,359 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…Dietitians of Canada, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, nutritional 54 interventions during training and competitions should be planned to reduce fatigue and avoid 55 deteriorations in performance outputs such as muscle strength and power, agility, and 56 endurance (Thomas et al. 2016).”
BackgroundCarbohydrates for training and competition
Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Wong, S. H. S., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.585473 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., Purpura, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Ferrando, A. A., Arent, S. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Measurement Tools Used in the Study of Eccentric Contraction???Induced Injury
Warren, G. L., Lowe, D. A., & Armstrong, R. B. (1999) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199927010-00004 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Paulsen, G., Mikkelsen, U. R., Raastad, T., & Peake, J. M. (2026) · PubMed · doi:10.22029/eir.2012.1668 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Neuromuscular Function After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Byrne, C., Twist, C., & Eston, R. G. (2004) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200434010-00005 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Characterization of inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise in humans
Peake, J. M., Nosaka, K., & Suzuki, K. (2026) · PubMed · doi:10.22029/eir.2005.1616 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Wilkinson, D. J., Hossain, T., Hill, D. S., Phillips, B. E., Crossland, H., Williams, J., Loughna, P., Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Breen, L., Phillips, S. M., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.253203 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Holeček, M. (2017) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12208 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Role of nutrition in performance enhancement and postexercise recovery
Beck, K. L., Thomson, J. S., Swift, R. J., & von Hurst, P. R. (2015) · Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.2147/oajsm.s33605 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Cadore, E. L., Izquierdo, M., Conceição, M., Radaelli, R., Pinto, R. S., Baroni, B. M., Vaz, M. A., Alberton, C. L., Pinto, S. S., Cunha, G. D. S., et al. (2012) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.04.002 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional Strategies to Promote Postexercise Recovery
Beelen, M., Burke, L. M., Gibala, M. J., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2010) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.515 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Metabolic Consequences of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Tee, J. C., Bosch, A. N., & Lambert, M. (2007) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200737100-00001 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)
Wilson, J. M., Fitschen, P. J., Campbell, B., Wilson, G. J., Zanchi, N., Taylor, L., Wilborn, C., Kalman, D. S., Stout, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., et al. (2013) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-6 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound for Assessing Muscle Size
Bemben, M. G. (2002) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200202000-00016 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Newton, M. J., Morgan, G. T., Sacco, P., Chapman, D. W., & Nosaka, K. (2008) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181660003 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Stellingwerff, T., Maughan, R. J., & Burke, L. M. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.589469 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Heaton, L. E., Davis, J. K., Rawson, E. S., Nuccio, R. P., Witard, O. C., Stein, K. W., Baar, K., Carter, J. M., & Baker, L. B. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Paschalis, V., Koutedakis, Y., Jamurtas, A. Z., Mougios, V., & Baltzopoulos, V. (2005) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-14763.1 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Brandenburg, J. P., & Docherty, D. (2002) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200202000-00005 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
van Someren, K. A., Edwards, A., & Howatson, G. (2005) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.4.413 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Brentano, M. A., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Eccentric exercise decreases maximal insulin action in humans: muscle and systemic effects.
Asp, S., Daugaard, J. R., Kristiansen, S., Kiens, B., & Richter, E. A. (1996) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021541 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Time Course of Strength and Echo Intensity Recovery After Resistance Exercise in Women
Radaelli, R., Bottaro, M., Wilhelm, E. N., Wagner, D. R., & Pinto, R. S. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31823dae96 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationPainelli, V. D. S., Roschel, H., de Jesus, F. D., Sale, C., Harris, R., Solis, M., Benatti, F., Gualano, B., Lancha, A., & Artioli, G. (2013) · Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0286 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Hoffman, J. R., Cooper, J., Wendell, M., Im, J., & Kang, J. (2004) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/13973.1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Fuller, J. C., Sharp, R. L., Angus, H. F., Baier, S. M., & Rathmacher, J. A. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510003582 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wilson, J. M., Lowery, R. P., Joy, J. M., Walters, J., Baier, S. M., Fuller, J. C., Stout, J. R., Norton, L. E., Sikorski, E. M., Wilson, S. M. C., et al. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512005387 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Vieira, A., Siqueira, A., Ferreira‐Júnior, J. B., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0042-111438 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationWilson, J. M., Kim, J., Lee, S., Rathmacher, J. A., Dalmau, B., Kingsley, J. D., Koch, H., Manninen, A. H., Saadat, R., & Panton, L. B. (2009) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-6-6 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Townsend, J. R., Fragala, M. S., Jajtner, A. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Wells, A. J., Mangine, G. T., Robinson, E. H., McCormack, W. P., Beyer, K. S., Pruna, G. J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00738.2013 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
One session of partial‐body cryotherapy (−110 °C) improves muscle damage recovery
Ferreira‐Júnior, J. B., Bottaro, M., Vieira, A., Siqueira, A. F., Vieira, C. A., Durigan, J. L. Q., Cadore, E. L., Coelho, L. G. M., Simões, H. G., & Bemben, M. G. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12353 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationSilva, V. R., Belozo, F. L., Micheletti, T. O., Conrado, M., Stout, J. R., Pimentel, G. D., & Gonzalez, A. M. (2017) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.07.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Nunan, D., Howatson, G., & van Someren, K. A. (2010) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c4d370 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
DAWSON, B., VLADICH, T., & BLANKSBY, B. A. (2002) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200211000-00001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gonzalez, A. M., Stout, J. R., Jajtner, A. R., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Beyer, K. S., Boone, C. H., Pruna, G. J., Mangine, G. T., Scanlon, T. C., et al. (2014) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1722-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Protection Against Muscle Damage Following Fifty Drop Jumps Conferred by Ten Drop Jumps
Miyama, M., & Nosaka, K. (2007) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-21056.1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fuller, J. C., Sharp, R. L., Angus, H. F., Khoo, P. Y., & Rathmacher, J. A. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515003050 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
de Lima, L. C. R., & Denadai, B. S. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00300 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zoorob, R., Parrish, M.-E. E., O’Hara, H., & Kalliny, M. (2013) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.02.013 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Townsend, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Jajtner, A. R., Boone, C. H., Robinson, E. H., Mangine, G. T., Wells, A. J., Fragala, M. S., Fukuda, D. H., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/856708 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Does whole-body cryotherapy improve vertical jump recovery following a high-intensity exercise bout?
Vieira, A., Bottaro, M., Ferreira‐Júnior, J. B., et al. (2015) · Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.2147/oajsm.s70263 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzalez, A. M., Fragala, M. S., Jajtner, A. R., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Beyer, K. S., Boone, C. H., Pruna, G. J., Mangine, G. T., Bohner, J. D., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00542.2013 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ferreira, D. V., Gentil, P., Ferreira‐Júnior, J. B., Soares, S. R. S., Brown, L. E., & Bottaro, M. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.06.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationDiscrepancies in publications related to HMB-FA and ATP supplementation
Gentles, J. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2017) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0201-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Indirect measures of substrate utilisation following exercise‐induced muscle damage
Hughes, J. D., Chapman, P., Brown, S. C., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.755570 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ye, X., Beck, T. W., & Wages, N. P. (2015) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5604/20831862.1150301 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nutrition for Training and Performance
Spriet, L. L. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0262-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bonilla, D. A., Pérez-Idárraga, A., Odriozola-Martínez, A., & Kreider, R. B. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010103 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
- Authors
- Correia, A. L. M., de Lima, F. D., Bottaro, M., Vieira, A., da Fonseca, A. C., & Lima, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- College of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília – DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília – DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Venue
- Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 691-696
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2785639341
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Universidade de Brasília
- Pratt and Whitney Canada
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, muscle damage, high-intensity exercise, drop jump, muscle swelling, countermovement jump, isometric torque
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Muscular Diseases, Mental Recall, Valerates, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Torque, Dietary Supplements, Resistance Training, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
