The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Opinion spam and analysis
Abstract
Evaluative texts on the Web have become a valuable source of opinions on products, services, events, individuals, etc. Recently, many researchers have studied such opinion sources as product reviews, forum posts, and blogs. However, existing research has been focused on classification and summarization of opinions using natural language processing and data mining techniques. An important issue that has been neglected so far is opinion spam or trustworthiness of online opinions. In this paper, we study this issue in the context of product reviews, which are opinion rich and are widely used by consumers and product manufacturers. In the past two years, several startup companies also appeared which aggregate opinions from product reviews. It is thus high time to study spam in reviews. To the best of our knowledge, there is still no published study on this topic, although Web spam and email spam have been investigated extensively. We will see that opinion spam is quite different from Web spam and email spam, and thus requires different detection techniques. Based on the analysis of 5.8 million reviews and 2.14 million reviewers from amazon.com, we show that opinion spam in reviews is widespread. This paper analyzes such spam activities and presents some novel techniques to detect them
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Disinformation can take forms beyond the production of hoaxes or “fake news” (Lazer et al., 2018); and include other types of manipulation of social systems, such as Google bombs to associate a keyword to a URL by repeatedly searching for the keyword and clicking on the URL, or review spam (Jindal and Liu, 2008) to manipulate the reputation of a product/service.”
From Social Data: Biases, Methodological Pitfalls, and Ethical Boundaries (2019) · cites this paper as Jindal and Liu, 2008
Citations
Cites
Mining and summarizing customer reviews
Hu, M., & Liu, B. (2004) · Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining · doi:10.1145/1014052.1014073 · Cited by 7,793
Self-citationThumbs up?: sentiment classification using machine learning techniques
Pang, B., Lee, L., & Vaithyanathan, S. (2002) · Proceedings of the ACL-02 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing - EMNLP '02 · doi:10.3115/1118693.1118704 · Cited by 7,024
Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? Semantic Orientation Applied to Unsupervised Classification of Reviews
Peter, P., & Turney (2002) · Cited by 3,646
Turney, P. D. (2001) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) · doi:10.3115/1073083.1073153 · Cited by 2,354
Dave, K. S., Lawrence, S., & Pennock, D. M. (2003) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/775152.775226 · Cited by 1,925
On the resemblance and containment of documents
Broder, A. (2002) · Compression and Complexity of Sequences (SEQUENCES) · doi:10.1109/sequen.1997.666900 · Cited by 1,818
Extracting product features and opinions from reviews
Popescu, A.-M., & Etzioni, O. (2005) · doi:10.3115/1220575.1220618 · Cited by 1,714
A Bayesian Approach to Filtering Junk E-Mail
Sahami, M., Dumais, S., Heckerman, D. E., & Horvitz, E. (1998) · Cited by 1,212
Web data mining: exploring hyperlinks, contents, and usage data
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2718 · Cited by 1,181
Mining the Web: Discovering Knowledge from Hypertext Data
Chakrabarti, S. (2002) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · Cited by 696
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,002
Suganya, E., & Vijayarani, S. (2019) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16660-1_66 · Cited by 21
Wang, W. M., Tian, Z., Li, Z., Wang, J., Barenji, A. V., & Cheng, M. (2019) · Journal of Engineering Design · doi:10.1080/09544828.2019.1642460 · Cited by 21
Liao, H.-L., Huang, Z., & Liu, S.-H. (2021) · ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing · doi:10.1145/3426883 · Cited by 27
Graph-Aware Deep Fusion Networks for Online Spam Review Detection
Li, H., Xu, G., Jameel, S., Wang, X., & Chen, H. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3189813 · Cited by 21
Comprehensive examination of online reviews divergence over time and platform types
Kirilenko, A., Stepchenkova, S. O., Gromoll, R., & Jo, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103647 · Cited by 27
Hussain, S., Sarwar, N., Ali, A., Khan, H., Din, I., Alqahtani, A. M., Shabir, M., & Ali, A. (2025) · Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research · doi:10.48084/etasr.9148 · Cited by 21
Overcoming the challenge for text classification in the open world
Doan, T., & Kalita, J. K. (2017) · IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) · doi:10.1109/ccwc.2017.7868366 · Cited by 21
Fake Review Detection Based on PU Learning and Behavior Density
He, D., Pan, M., Hong, K., Cheng, Y., Chan, S., Liu, X., & Guizani, N. (2020) · IEEE Network · doi:10.1109/mnet.001.1900542 · Cited by 21
Monitoring online reviews for reputation fraud campaigns
Wang, Z., & Chen, Q. (2020) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2020.105685 · Cited by 21
Wijnhoven, F., & Bloemen, O. (2014) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2013.12.005 · Cited by 21
Identification of Fake Reviews Using New Set of Lexical and Syntactic Features
Dewang, R. K., & Singh, A. K. (2015) · International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology · doi:10.1145/2818567.2818589 · Cited by 21
Westerski, A. (2013) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.14622 · Cited by 21
Detecting opinion spam and fake news using n-gram analysis and semantic similarity
Ahmed, H. (2017) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) · Cited by 21
Dataset of Fake News Detection and Fact Verification: A Survey
Murayama, T. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.03299 · Cited by 40
Emerging Sources, Formats, Channels, Devices, and Audiences in Modern eWOM Communications
Filieri, R., Christodoulides, G., & Nicolau, J. L. (2025) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.22239 · Cited by 23
Domain Independent Sentiment Classification with Many Lexicons
Ohana, B., Tierney, B., & Delany, S. J. (2011) · International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA) · doi:10.1109/waina.2011.103 · Cited by 20
Semi-Supervised Fake Reviews Detection based on AspamGAN
Jing-Yu, C., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Capsule Networks · doi:10.36548/jaicn.2022.1.002 · Cited by 20
Detection of near-duplicate user generated contents
Vallés, E., & Rosso, P. (2011) · International Workshop on Search and Mining User-Generated Contents (SMUC) · doi:10.1145/2065023.2065031 · Cited by 20
Understanding the process of writing fake online reviews
Banerjee, S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2014) · International Conference on Digital Information Management · doi:10.1109/icdim.2014.6991395 · Cited by 20
Information Retrieval on the Blogosphere
Santos, R. L. T. (2012) · now publishers, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1561/9781601985699 · Cited by 20
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Product Rating with Partial Information
Xie, H. L., & Lui, J. C. S. (2015) · ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data · doi:10.1145/2700386 · Cited by 20
Nakayama, M., & Wan, Y. (2016) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.4067/s0718-18762017000100002 · Cited by 22
Big Text advantages and challenges: classification perspective
Sokolova, M. (2017) · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · doi:10.1007/s41060-017-0087-5 · Cited by 20
Sentiment and Emotion Based Text Representation for Fake Reviews Detection
Melleng, A., Loughrey, A.-J., & Deepak, P. (2019) · International conference Recent advances in natural language processing · doi:10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_087 · Cited by 22
Detecting and Analysing Fake Opinions Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
Al-Adhaileh, M. H., & Alsaade, F. W. (2021) · Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing · doi:10.32604/iasc.2022.021225 · Cited by 20
Chen, C., Wu, K., Srinivasan, V., & Bharadwaj, R. K. (2013) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) · doi:10.1145/2492517.2492553 · Cited by 20
A unified model for unsupervised opinion spamming detection incorporating text generality
Xu, Y., Shi, B., Tian, W., & Lam, W. P. (2015) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 18
Online Spam Review Detection: A Survey of Literature
Li, H., Wang, X., Chen, H., & Xu, G. (2022) · Human-Centric Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1007/s44230-022-00001-3 · Cited by 24
Quality-biased Ranking of Short Texts in Microblogging Services
Huang, M., Yang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2011) · Cited by 19
Deceptive Opinion Spam Detection Using Deep Level Linguistic Features
Chen, C., Zhao, H., & Yang, Y. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25207-0_43 · Cited by 18
A Framework for Fake Review Annotation
Shojaee, S., Azman, A., Murad, M. A. A., Sharef, N. M., & Sulaiman, N. (2015) · international conference on Modelling and simulation · doi:10.1109/uksim.2015.38 · Cited by 19
Natural Language Processing for Social Media, Second Edition
Farzindar, A., & Inkpen, D. Z. (2017) · Synthesis lectures on human language technologies · doi:10.2200/s00809ed2v01y201710hlt038 · Cited by 19
Spiral of Silence in Recommender Systems
Liu, D., Lin, C., Zhang, Z., Xiao, Y., & Tong, H. (2019) · ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) · doi:10.1145/3289600.3291003 · Cited by 18
Harnessing the Power of the General Public for Crowdsourced Business Intelligence: A Survey
Guo, B., Liu, Y., Ouyang, Y., Zheng, V. W., Zhang, D., & Yu, Z. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901027 · Cited by 19
Detection of Fake Reviews Using Group Model
Li, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, S., & Niu, X. (2020) · Mobile Networks and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-020-01688-z · Cited by 20
Social Network Spam Detection Based on ALBERT and Combination of Bi-LSTM with Self-Attention
Xu, G., Zhou, D., & Liu, J. (2021) · Security and Communication Networks · doi:10.1155/2021/5567991 · Cited by 19
Adaptive big data analytics for deceptive review detection in online social media
Zhang, W., Lau, R. Y. K., & Li, C. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 19
Lai, C. L., Xu, K., Lau, R. Y. K., Li, Y., & Song, D. (2010) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw.2010.30 · Cited by 21
Zhao, Y., Tang, S., Zhang, H., & Lyu, L. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104400 · Cited by 28
A Survey On Spam URLs Detection In Twitter
Daffa, W., Bamasag, O. O., & AlMansour, A. A. (2018) · International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS) · doi:10.1109/cais.2018.8441975 · Cited by 17
Scarcity-aware spam detection technique for big data ecosystem
Park, W. H., Siddiqui, I. F., Chakraborty, C., Qureshi, N. M. F., & Shin, D. R. (2022) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2022.03.021 · Cited by 18
Andresini, G., Iovine, A., Gasbarro, R., Lomolino, M., de Gemmis, M., & Appice, A. (2022) · Journal of Computational Mathematics and Data Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcmds.2022.100036 · Cited by 19
Uhr, P., Zenkert, J., & Fathi, M. (2014) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6974028 · Cited by 18
A fuzzy system-based approach to estimate the importance of online customer reviews
de Sousa, R. F., Rabêlo, R. A. L., & Moura, R. S. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) · doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337914 · Cited by 18
Sentiment Analysis Based Online Restaurants Fake Reviews Hype Detection
Deng, X., & Chen, R. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11119-3_1 · Cited by 18
Credibility in Information Retrieval
Ginsca, A., Popescu, A., & Lupu, M. (2015) · now publishers, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1561/9781680830873 · Cited by 18
Viviani, M., & Pasi, G. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52962-2_17 · Cited by 20
Automatic labeling of mobile apps by the type of psychological needs they satisfy
Sun, Z., Ji, Z., Zhang, P., Chen, C., Qian, X., Du, X., & Wan, Q. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.03.001 · Cited by 18
Identifying Humor in Reviews using Background Text Sources
Morales, A., & Zhai, C. (2017) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1051 · Cited by 16
A worker clustering-based approach of label aggregation under the belief function theory
Abassi, L., & Boukhris, I. (2018) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-018-1209-z · Cited by 18
Lifelong Machine Learning, Second Edition
Chen, Z., & Liu, B. (2018) · Synthesis lectures on artificial intelligence and machine learning · doi:10.2200/s00832ed1v01y201802aim037 · Cited by 160
Self-citationAnh, K. Q., Nagai, Y., & Minh, N. L. (2019) · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.3233/jifs-179352 · Cited by 18
Text-Based User-kNN: Measuring User Similarity Based on Text Reviews
Terzi, M., Rowe, M., Ferrario, M. A., & Whittle, J. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08786-3_17 · Cited by 18
Information Systems for “Wicked Problems”
Schoder, D., Putzke, J., Metaxas, P., Gloor, P. A., & Fischbach, K. (2014) · Business & Information Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12599-013-0303-3 · Cited by 19
A recommender system for the TV on the web: integrating unrated reviews and movie ratings
Peleja, F., Dias, P. I. R. C., Martins, F., & Magalhães, J. (2013) · Multimedia Systems · doi:10.1007/s00530-013-0310-8 · Cited by 18
HelpMeter: A Nonlinear Model for Predicting the Helpfulness of Online Reviews
Liu, Y., Huang, X., An, A., & Yu, X. (2008) · IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT) · doi:10.1109/wiiat.2008.299 · Cited by 18
Finding Deceptive Opinion Spam by Correcting the Mislabeled Instances
Ren, Y., Ji, D., Yin, L., & Zhang, H. (2015) · Chinese Journal of Electronics · doi:10.1049/cje.2015.01.009 · Cited by 18
Nilizadeh, S., Aghakhani, H., Gustafson, E., Kruegel, C., & Vigna, G. (2019) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3308558.3313647 · Cited by 18
Wide-Ranging Review Manipulation Attacks
Kaghazgaran, P., Alfifi, M., & Caverlee, J. (2019) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3357384.3358034 · Cited by 21
A categorization scheme for socialbot attacks in online social networksPreprint
Mitter, S., Wagner, C., & Strohmaier, M. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1402.6288 · Cited by 22
Learning-Based Model to Fight against Fake Like Clicks on Instagram Posts
Thejas, G. S., Soni, J., Chandna, K., Iyengar, S. S., Sunitha, N. R., & Prabakar, N. (2019) · IEEE SoutheastCon · doi:10.1109/southeastcon42311.2019.9020533 · Cited by 17
Detecting Arabic Spam Reviews in Social Networks Based on Classification Algorithms
Najadat, H., Alzubaidi, M. A., & Qarqaz, I. (2021) · ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing · doi:10.1145/3476115 · Cited by 17
Alsharif, N. H. (2022) · Soft Computing · doi:10.1007/s00500-022-06806-5 · Cited by 17
RetractedKawamae, N. (2014) · ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) · doi:10.1145/2556195.2559895 · Cited by 17
Detecting cooperative and organized spammer groups in micro-blogging community
Dang, Q., Zhou, Y., Gao, F., & Sun, Q. (2016) · Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery · doi:10.1007/s10618-016-0479-5 · Cited by 16
Exploring Latent Semantic Factors to Find Useful Product Reviews
Mukherjee, S., Popat, K., & Weikum, G. (2017) · Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks · doi:10.1137/1.9781611974973.54 · Cited by 17
Finding Rotten Eggs: A Review Spam Detection Model using Diverse Feature Sets
Akram, A. U., Khan, H. U., Iqbal, S., Iqbal, T., Munir, E. U., & Shafi, M. (2018) · KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems · doi:10.3837/tiis.2018.10.026 · Cited by 17
Unsupervised User Behavior Representation for Fraud Review Detection with Cold-Start Problem
Li, Q., Wu, Q., Zhu, C., Zhang, J., & Zhao, W. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16148-4_18 · Cited by 17
Identifying ground truth in opinion spam: an empirical survey based on review psychology
Li, J., Wang, X., Yang, L., Zhang, P., & Yang, D. (2020) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-020-01764-7 · Cited by 18
Wagle, V., Kaur, K., Kamat, P. V., Patil, S., & Kotecha, K. V. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111527 · Cited by 17
Li, S., Zhong, G., Jin, Y., Wu, X., Zhu, P., & Wang, Z. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3144013 · Cited by 18
An Evolutionary Computation Approach for Twitter Bot Detection
Rovito, L., Bonin, L., Manzoni, L., & Lorenzo, A. D. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12125915 · Cited by 18
A Case-Based Approach to Cross Domain Sentiment Classification
Ohana, B., Delany, S. J., & Tierney, B. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32986-9_22 · Cited by 17
Detecting Deceptive Opinion Spam using Linguistics, Behavioral and Statistical Modeling
Mukherjee, A. (2015) · doi:10.3115/v1/p15-5007 · Cited by 17
Multi-view Ensemble Learning Using Rough Set Based Feature Ranking for Opinion Spam Detection
Saini, M., Verma, S., & Sharan, A. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0341-8_1 · Cited by 18
Secure and smart autonomous multi-robot systems for opinion spammer detection
Xu, G., Hu, M., & Ma, C. (2021) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2021.07.072 · Cited by 16
Explainable knowledge integrated sequence model for detecting fake online reviews
Han, S. Y., Wang, H., Li, W., Zhang, H., & Zhuang, L. (2022) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-022-03822-8 · Cited by 18
Predicting Credibility of Online Reviews: An Integrated Approach
Abedin, E., Mendoza, A., Akbarighatar, P., & Karunasekera, S. A. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3383846 · Cited by 18
Credible Review Detection with Limited Information Using Consistency Features
Mukherjee, S., Dutta, S., & Weikum, G. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46227-1_13 · Cited by 17
Deception Detection and Opinion Spam
Rosso, P., & Cagnina, L. (2017) · Socio-affective computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55394-8_8 · Cited by 16
Heredia, B., Khoshgoftaar, T. M., Prusa, J. D., & Crawford, M. (2017) · Social Network Analysis and Mining · doi:10.1007/s13278-017-0456-z · Cited by 16
Towards Bootstrapping a Polarity Shifter Lexicon using Linguistic Features
Schulder, M., Wiegand, M., Ruppenhofer, J., & Roth, B. (2017) · Publication Server of the Institute for German Language (Institute for German Language) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3365608 · Cited by 16
Introducing a Lexicon of Verbal Polarity Shifters for English
Schulder, M., Wiegand, M., Ruppenhofer, J., & Köser, S. (2018) · Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) · doi:10.63317/3d9x4memsk7e · Cited by 16
Decomposing TripAdvisor: Detecting Potentially Fraudulent Hotel Reviews in the Era of Big Data
Harris, C. G. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Big Knowledge (ICBK) · doi:10.1109/icbk.2018.00040 · Cited by 18
DCWord: A Novel Deep Learning Approach to Deceptive Review Identification by Word Vectors
Zhang, W., Wang, Q., Li, X., Yoshida, T., & Li, J. (2019) · Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11518-019-5438-4 · Cited by 16
Fake opinion detection: how similar are crowdsourced datasets to real data?
Fornaciari, T., Cagnina, L., Rosso, P., & Poesio, M. (2020) · Language Resources and Evaluation · doi:10.1007/s10579-020-09486-5 · Cited by 17
IFSpard: An Information Fusion-based Framework for Spam Review Detection
Zhu, Y., Liu, H., Du, Y., & Wu, Z. (2021) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3442381.3449920 · Cited by 16
DFraud³: Multi-Component Fraud Detection Free of Cold-Start
Shehnepoor, S., Togneri, R. B., Liu, W., & Bennamoun, M. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2021.3081258 · Cited by 16
Le, T.-K.-H., Li, Y., & Li, S.-T. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3167511 · Cited by 18
Mining Sequential Patterns: A Context-Aware Approach
Rabatel, J., Bringay, S., & Pascal Poncelet, B. (2012) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35855-5_2 · Cited by 16
An interpretation of sentiment analysis for enrichment of Business Intelligence
Singh, B., Kushwaha, N., & Vyas, O. P. (2016) · IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) · doi:10.1109/tencon.2016.7847950 · Cited by 18
Rajamohana, S. P., & Umamaheswari, K. (2017) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing (ICMLC) · doi:10.1145/3055635.3056647 · Cited by 16
Multi-Aspect Feature Based Neural Network Model in Detecting Fake Reviews
Luo, N., Deng, H., Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Wang, X., & Tan, Z. (2017) · International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering · doi:10.1109/icisce.2017.106 · Cited by 16
RST-style Discourse Parsing and Its Applications in Discourse Analysis
Feng, V. W. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 16
FairJudge: Trustworthy User Prediction in Rating PlatformsPreprint
Kumar, S., Hooi, B., Makhija, D., Kumar, M., Faloutsos, C., & Subrahamanian, V. S. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.10545 · Cited by 16
Towards Accurate Deceptive Opinion Spam Detection based on Word Order-preserving CNNPreprint
Zhao, S., Xu, Z., Liu, L., & Guo, M. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1711.09181 · Cited by 16
Fraud De-Anonymization for Fun and Profit
Hernandez, N., Rahman, M., Recabarren, R., & Carbunar, B. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/3243734.3243770 · Cited by 16
Abd-Alhalem, S. M., Ali, H. A., Soliman, N. F., Algarni, A. D., & Salem, H. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435916 · Cited by 19
Sorour, S. E., Alojail, A., El-Shora, A. E., Amin, A. E., & Abohany, A. A. (2024) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math12233856 · Cited by 22
Trust-Aware Review Spam Detection
Xue, H., Li, F., Seo, H., & Pluretti, R. (2015) · doi:10.1109/trustcom-bigdatase-ispa.2015.440 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Jindal, N., & Liu, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Liu, Bing
- Venue
- Proceedings of the international conference on Web search and web data mining - WSDM '08
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 2008
- Pages
- 219
- OpenAlex
- W2047756776
- Cited by
- 1,542
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 137 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 137 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 77
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Spam and Phishing Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- opinion spam, spam detection, product reviews, online reviews, review aggregation, Amazon reviews
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review