The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems
Open accessAbstract
For 11 studies, we find that the detection of usability problems as a function of number of users tested or heuristic evaluators employed is well modeled as a Poisson process. The model can be used to plan the amount of evaluation required to achieve desired levels of thoroughness or benefits. Results of early tests can provide estimates of the number of problems left to be found and the number of additional evaluations needed to find a given fraction. With quantitative evaluation costs and detection values, the model can estimate the numbers of evaluations at which optimal cost/benefit ratios are obtained and at which marginal utility vanishes. For a “medium” example, we estimate that 16 evaluations would be worth their cost, with maximum benefit/cost ratio at four.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The recommended number of participants for usability testing is at least 10 people [14].”
From The PAediatric Risk Assessment (PARA) Mobile App to Reduce Postdischarge Child Mortality: Design, Usability, and Feasibility for Health Care Workers in Uganda (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, there is some consensus that usability tests may include a minimum of 5 participants per iteration and that approximately 80% of usability issues are discovered with as few as 4-6 participants [80].”
From Development and Evaluation of the Usefulness, Usability, and Feasibility of iNNOV Breast Cancer: Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as [80]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“which meets the optimal requirement for detecting all usability problems [78]”
From Development and usability testing of a web-based and therapist-assisted coping skills program for managing psychosocial problems in individuals with hand and upper limb injuries: Mixed methods study (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1993) · Cited by 9,879
Self-citation(1993) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-21512-1 · Cited by 5,552
Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces
Nielsen, J., & Molich, R. (1990) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Empowering people - CHI '90 · doi:10.1145/97243.97281 · Cited by 3,533
Self-citationThe Usability Engineering Lifecycle
NIELSEN, J. (1993) · Usability Engineering · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3 · Cited by 2,657
Self-citationNielsen, J. (1995) · Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '95 · doi:10.1145/223355.223730 · Cited by 2,620
Self-citationIntroduction to Stochastic Processes
Toral, R., & Colet, P. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527683147.ch6 · Cited by 2,406
Nielsen, J. (1994) · Cited by 1,778
Self-citationRefining the Test Phase of Usability Evaluation: How Many Subjects Is Enough?
Virzi, R. A. (1992) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089203400407 · Cited by 1,269
Finding usability problems through heuristic evaluation
Nielsen, J. (1992) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/142750.142834 · Cited by 1,139
Self-citationImproving a human-computer dialogue
Molich, R., & Nielsen, J. (1990) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/77481.77486 · Cited by 821
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- and Knowledge Based Systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 743-750.
- Nielsen, J. (1993). Iterative design of user interfaces. IEEE Computer 26 (to appear, probably in the July issue).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
SEEM: A Scalable Visualization for Comparing Multiple Large Sets of Attributes for Malware AnalysisPreprint
Gove, R. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/eqtkd · Cited by 6
Multiplatform Computer Vision System to Support Physical Fitness Assessments in Schoolchildren
Sulla-Torres, J. A., Pamo, B. A. S., Rodríguez, F. J. C., Angulo-Osorio, J. F., Gómez‐Campos, R., & Cossio‐Bolaños, M. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14167140 · Cited by 6
Using IoT for Cistern and Water Tank Level Monitoring
Wister, M. A., Leon, E., Alejandro-Carrillo, A., Pancardo, P., & Hernández-Nolasco, J. A. (2024) · Applied System Innovation · doi:10.3390/asi7060112 · Cited by 5
Dynamic and Immersive Framework for Drone Delivery Services in Skyway Networks
Lin, J., Alkouz, B., Bouguettaya, A., & Abusafia, A. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Internet Technology · doi:10.1145/3708892 · Cited by 5
Wolff, D., Kupka, T., Reichert, C., Ammon, N., Oeltze‐Jafra, S., & Vajen, B. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/69115 · Cited by 5
Solorio-García, M. Y., Mata-López, W. A., Álvarez-Flores, J. L., Simon, J., & Castillo, V. H. (2026) · Electricity · doi:10.3390/electricity7010015 · Cited by 5
Tibau, M., Siqueira, S. W. M., & Nunes, B. P. (2022) · ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT) · doi:10.1145/3511095.3531272 · Cited by 5
The evaluation of an educational game to promote pre-service teachers’ self-regulated learning
Barz, N., Benick, M., Dörrenbächer‐Ulrich, L., & Perels, F. (2024) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100836 · Cited by 5
Kim, D.-W., Kim, H.-S., Kwon, Y.-H., & Kim, J.-B. (2024) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act13110439 · Cited by 5
Žilak, M., & Car, Ž. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15042161 · Cited by 6
Salyers, A. J., Bull, S., Silvasstar, J., Howell, K., Wright, T., & Banaei‐Kashani, F. (2025) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/69144 · Cited by 5
Boring, R. L., Gertman, D. I., Joe, J. C., & Marble, J. L. (2005) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120504900509 · Cited by 5
An Adaptive Hardware and Software Based Human Computer Interface for People with Motor Disabilities
Machado, M. B., Rodrigues, A. S., Machado, M. B., da Costa, V. K., Cardoso, R. C., Quadros, C. L. S. M., Xavier, K. F., Peroba, J. A., & Tavares, T. A. (2019) · IEEE Latin America Transactions · doi:10.1109/tla.2019.8931132 · Cited by 5
Phithak, T., & Kamollimsakul, S. (2020) · International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB) · doi:10.1145/3383845.3383888 · Cited by 5
Spanish Translation of StartSmartTM using the Beaton Process to Ensure Tech Equity
Gance‐Cleveland, B., Leiferman, J. A., Yates, S., Williams, A. T., Amura, C. R., Roberts, M., Hyer, J., Anderson, J., & Nodine, P. (2021) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2021.0052 · Cited by 5
Dyslexeasy-App to Improve Readability through the Extracted Summary for Dyslexic Users
Gregorio, M. D., Romano, M., Sebillo, M., & Vitiello, G. (2022) · IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700618 · Cited by 5
EVALUATING THE USABILITY AND LEARNING POTENTIAL OF A VIRTUAL MUSEUM TOUR APPLICATION FOR SCHOOLS
Aristeidou, M., Orphanoudakis, T. G., Kouvara, T., Karachristos, C. V., & Spyropoulou, N. D. (2023) · INTED proceedings · doi:10.21125/inted.2023.0720 · Cited by 5
Tsimicalis, A., Stinson, J., Thorstad, K., Rauch, F., Hamdy, R. C., Chougui, K., Addab, S., Palomo, T., Bernstein, M., Dahan‐Oliel, N., et al. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/47524 · Cited by 5
Aggarwal, R., Sidnam-Mauch, E., Neffa-Creech, D., Plant, A., Williams, E., Shami, E., Menon, U., George, S., & Langbaum, J. B. S. (2023) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2023.86 · Cited by 5
Cooray, N., Ho, C., Bestman, A., Adams, S. E., Nassar, N., Keay, L. J., & Brown, J. K. (2023) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/47361 · Cited by 5
Hayashi, K., Hachiya, K., Yonezu, K., Otani, N., Furuya, K., Miura, I., Tomoe, T., Sugiyama, T., Wada, Y., Takahashi, N., et al. (2023) · Circulation Reports · doi:10.1253/circrep.cr-23-0088 · Cited by 5
A Guide to Evaluating the Experience of Media and Arts Technology
Bryan-Kinns, N., & Reed, C. N. (2023) · Intelligent Systems Reference Library · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31360-8_10 · Cited by 5
Stabile, A. J., Iribarren, S., Sonney, J., Demiris, G., & Schnall, R. (2024) · Informatics for Health and Social Care · doi:10.1080/17538157.2024.2333379 · Cited by 5
What instruments do researchers use to evaluate LXD? A systematic review study
Tawfik, A. A., Payne, L., Ketter, H., & James, J. (2024) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-024-09763-0 · Cited by 5
Gaze-based Augmented Reality Interfaces to Support Scalable Human-Robot Teaming
Petlowany, C., Pryor, M., & Hahn, N. (2024) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/ro-man60168.2024.10731399 · Cited by 5
Artifacts, Tools and Generalizing Usability Test Results
Reijonen, P., & Tarkkanen, K. (2015) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21783-3_9 · Cited by 5
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of UI Components Preference between Chinese and Czech Users
Brejcha, J., Yin, G. H., Li, H., & Liu, Z. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39143-9_40 · Cited by 5
The Current Status of Usability Studies of Information Technologies in China: A Systematic Study
Lei, J., Xu, L., Meng, Q., Zhang, J., & Gong, Y. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/568303 · Cited by 5
Optimizing Usability Studies by Complementary Evaluation Methods
Schmettow, M., Bach, C., & Scapin, D. L. (2014) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/hci2014.15 · Cited by 5
Voigt, M., Tietz, V., Piccolotto, N., & Meißner, K. (2013) · International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics · doi:10.1145/2479787.2479823 · Cited by 6
How HCI-practitioners want to evaluate their own practice
Følstad, A., Bark, I., & Gulliksen, J. (2006) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/1182475.1182526 · Cited by 5
Automated tool for task analysis of NextGen automation
Sherry, L., Medina, M., Feary, M., & Otiker, J. (2008) · Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS) · doi:10.1109/icnsurv.2008.4559185 · Cited by 5
An Analysis of Human Motion Detection Systems Use During Elder Exercise Routines
Alexander, G. L., Havens, T. C., Rantz, M., Keller, J. M., & Abbott, C. C. (2010) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945909349947 · Cited by 5
Kenna, K., & Ryan, A. (2016) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2968219.2971342 · Cited by 5
Evaluating the Usability of Home Healthcare Applications
Bruun, A., & Stage, J. (2011) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-177-5.ch014 · Cited by 5
Sample Size in the Application of System Usability Scale to Automotive Interfaces
Chandran, S. K., Forbes, J. W., Bittick, C., Allanson, K., & Brinda, F. (2017) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/2017-01-1383 · Cited by 5
User Experience Evaluation for User Interface Redesign: A Case Study on a Bike Sharing Application
Forte, J., & Darin, T. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58640-3_44 · Cited by 6
The Influence of Menu Structure and Layout on Usability of Smartwatches
Mo, F., & Zhou, J. (2017) · International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction · doi:10.4018/ijmhci.2018010101 · Cited by 5
Xohua-Chacón, A., Benítez–Guerrero, E., & Mezura-Godoy, C. (2017) · International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Interacción) · doi:10.1145/3123818.3123856 · Cited by 5
Chmielewska, M., & Miłosz, M. (2018) · Conference on Human System Interactions · doi:10.1109/hsi.2018.8431342 · Cited by 5
Expert-based Assessment of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication Tool
Murillo, D. G., Martin‐Escalona, I., Macías, J. A., Moreno, L., Hervás, R., & Bautista, S. (2019) · International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Interacción) · doi:10.1145/3335595.3335631 · Cited by 5
Towards a library of usability requirements
da Silva, A. R., & Sequeira, C. L. (2020) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/3341105.3373939 · Cited by 5
Vandewalle, V., Caron, A., Delettrez, C., Périchon, R., Sylvia Pelayo, A., Duhamel, A., & Dervaux, B. (2020) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-020-01091-y · Cited by 5
Assessing the use of a portable time-geographic diary for detecting patterns of daily occupations
Orban, K., Vrotsou, K., Ellegård, K., & Erlandsson, L. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1080/11038128.2020.1869824 · Cited by 5
Leung, J. (2021) · International Journal of Designs for Learning · doi:10.14434/ijdl.v12i2.29578 · Cited by 5
Proposition of Ergonomic Guidelines to Improve Usability of PLM Systems Interfaces
de Pinel, P., Maranzana, N., Segonds, F., Leroux, S., & Frerebeau, V. (2013) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41501-2_53 · Cited by 5
Rostetter, R., Jenni, B., Eggmann, S., Meyer, J. T., & Schmitt, K. (2022) · ARBOR - Bern University of Applied Sciences Repository · Cited by 5
Heuristic Evaluation of the User Interface for a Semi-Autonomous Agricultural Robot Sprayer
Adamides, G. (2020) · Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics · doi:10.7160/aol.2020.120301 · Cited by 5
Cole, A. C., Richardson, D. R., Adapa, K., Khasawneh, A., Crossnohere, N. L., Bridges, J. F. P., & Mazur, L. M. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/39586 · Cited by 5
Implementation of Voice-Based Report Generator Application for Visually Impaired
Choi, J., Song, Y., & Lee, J. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11121847 · Cited by 5
Wittenauer, R., Dolan, S., Njoroge, A., Onyango, P., Owiso, G., Rabinowitz, P. M., & Puttkammer, N. H. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/39383 · Cited by 9
Vasilieva, E., & Khisyukov, E. (2023) · E-Management · doi:10.26425/2658-3445-2023-6-2-61-72 · Cited by 5
Beutter, C. N. L., Zeller, K., Martens, U. M., Pfleiderer, B., & Fegeler, C. (2023) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/44985 · Cited by 5
Exploring Data Analysis and Visualization Techniques for Project Tracking: Insights from the ITC
Barrocas, A. N., da Silva, A. R., & Saraiva, J. D. S. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43703-8_11 · Cited by 5
Evaluating Distributed Usability: the role of user interfaces in an activity system
Vrazalic, L. (2003) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v11i1.144 · Cited by 5
Automatic terrain generation with a sketching tool
Puig-Centelles, A., Varley, P. A. C., Ripollés, O., & Chover, M. (2012) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-012-1214-x · Cited by 5
Examining older users’ performance on and preference for menu designs of digital photo frames
Yueh, H., Lin, W., Lu, T.-Y., & Chou, Y.-L. (2011) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2011.617113 · Cited by 5
Time-related factors influencing on an itinerary planning system
Angskun, J., Korbua, S., & Angskun, T. (2016) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-10-2014-0056 · Cited by 5
Smaradottir, B. F., Martínez, S., Holen-Rabbersvik, E., & Fensli, R. W. (2015) · International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) · doi:10.1109/csci.2015.79 · Cited by 5
Smaradottir, B. F., Gerdes, M. W., Fensli, R. W., & Martínez, S. (2015) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) · Cited by 5
A mobile game to practice arithmetic operations reasoning
Cruz, B., Marchesini, P., Gatto, G., & Souza-Concilio, I. A. (2018) · IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) · doi:10.1109/educon.2018.8363481 · Cited by 5
Analysis and measurement of internal usability metrics through code annotations
Schramme, M., & Macías, J. A. (2019) · Software Quality Journal · doi:10.1007/s11219-019-09455-4 · Cited by 5
Primo on the Go: A Usability Study of the Primo Mobile Interface
Adams, A. L., & Hanson, M. (2020) · Journal of Web Librarianship · doi:10.1080/19322909.2020.1784820 · Cited by 5
Lifelong learning and e-learning 2.0: the contribution of usability studies
Rigutti, S., Paoletti, G., & Morandini, A. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.20368/1971-8829/265 · Cited by 5
Optimal Stopping With Exact Confidence on Remaining Defects
Dalal, S. R., & Mallows, C. L. (2008) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/004017008000000145 · Cited by 5
Building up usability-engineering capability by improving access to automated usability evaluation
Stary, C., & Eberle, P. (2007) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2007.11.001 · Cited by 5
Kostaras, N., & Xenos, M. (2010) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2010.529943 · Cited by 5
Collaborative Learning Among Older Married Couples: An Exploratory Study
Vrkljan, B. H. (2011) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601270903534887 · Cited by 5
Agius, H., & Angelides, M. C. (2006) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/1141277.1141591 · Cited by 5
An approach to evaluating usability of VANET applications
Dobre, C., Frățilă, C., & Iftode, L. (2011) · International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) · doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2011.5982649 · Cited by 5
Fishenden, J., & Hugill, A. (2011) · IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) · doi:10.1109/compsac.2011.51 · Cited by 5
Developing usability studies via formal models of UIs
Bowen, J., & Reeves, S. (2010) · ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS) · doi:10.1145/1822018.1822044 · Cited by 5
Salerno, C., Ouma, S., & Botha, A. (2015) · South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists · doi:10.1145/2815782.2815822 · Cited by 5
Stay in Touch: Multimedia Delivery for Elderly People
Mongkolnam, P., Choomkasean, J., & Chan, J. H. (2013) · International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI) · doi:10.1109/iscbi.2013.74 · Cited by 5
Leave the browser behind: Placing discovery within the user's workflow
Cahoy, E. S. (2018) · LIBER Quarterly The Journal of the Association of European Research Libraries · doi:10.18352/lq.10221 · Cited by 5
Mugisha, A., Babić, A., Wakholi, P., & Tylleskär, T. (2018) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/11852 · Cited by 5
Usability Evaluation on an Indonesian Mobile Application for Small Business Lending
Baskoro, K., & Widyanti, A. (2018) · International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation · doi:10.1109/icitsi.2018.8695957 · Cited by 5
Sridharan, S. (2001) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 5
Usability of Planning Support Systems: analysing adoption and use in planning practice
Russo, P. (2017) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 5
Hwang, I.-K., & Lee, H. (2025) · Archives of Design Research · doi:10.15187/adr.2025.08.38.3.51 · Cited by 13
Alemneh, E., Kebebaw, T., Nigatu, D., Azage, M., Misgan, E., & Abate, E. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000494 · Cited by 4
Delnevo, G., Ghini, V., Fiumana, E., & Mirri, S. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24185887 · Cited by 4
Carrión-Toro, M., Martinez, D. M., Santórum, M., Vizuete, A., Maldonado-Garcés, V., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17030956 · Cited by 4
User Experience and Information Security Implications of Digital Identity Wallets
Sauer, M., Becker, C., Oberweis, A., Pfeifer, S., Stark, A., & Sürmeli, J. (2024) · International Conference on Information Communication and Management (ICICM) · doi:10.1145/3711609.3711615 · Cited by 4
Evaluating the usability and utility of a spatial decision support system for pollinator ecology
Houtman, L., Robinson, A. C., McLaughlin, D., & Grozinger, C. M. (2025) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103182 · Cited by 4
A Pilot Program of Virtual Ergonomics Consults for Radiology Staff Working From Home
Miranda‐Schaeubinger, M., Schwartz, E. S., Sze, R. W., & Larsen, E. P. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2021.08.016 · Cited by 4
Wu, C., Wong, Y.-K., Hsu, H.-H., & Huang, C.-Y. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14042156 · Cited by 4
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE USABILITY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Kristina, S. A., Yulianto, R. E. D., & Widayanti, A. W. (2022) · Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis · doi:10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6625 · Cited by 4
Building’s digital twin model shown as first-person and third-person views
Liinasuo, M., Kuula, T., Goriachev, V., Helin, K., & Aust, M. (2022) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1101/8/082018 · Cited by 4
Diefenbach, M. A., Marziliano, A. M., Siembida, E. J., Mistretta, T., Pfister, H., Yacoub, A., Aibel, K. R., Patel, P. B., Lapitan, E., Tagai, E. K., et al. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/41876 · Cited by 4
Poot, C. C., de Boer, J., Goto, L., van de Hei, S. J., Chavannes, N. H., Visch, V., & Meijer, E. (2023) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s423161 · Cited by 4
Hoffmann, C., AVERY, K. N. L., Macefield, R. C., Dvořák, T., Snelgrove, V., Blazeby, J. M., Hopkins, D., Hickey, S., Gibbison, B., Rooshenas, L., et al. (2024) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/46698 · Cited by 5
O'Connor, L. C., Zamani, S., Ding, X., McGeorge, N., Latiff, S., Liu, C. H., Herman, J. A., LoConte, M., Milsten, A. M., Weiner, M., et al. (2024) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x24000372 · Cited by 4
Quilter, E. E. V., Downes, S., Deighan, M. T., Stuart, L., Charles, R., Tittensor, P., Junges, L., Kissack, P., Qureshi, Y. M., Kumar, A., et al. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/60129 · Cited by 4
Trippas, J. R. (2024) · ACM eBooks · doi:10.1145/3674127.3674135 · Cited by 5
Tang, Y., Gierc, M. S. H., La, H., Kim, J., Liu, S., Lam, R. W. M., Puterman, E. M., & Faulkner, G. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251317756 · Cited by 5
User-Centric Evaluation Methods for Digital Twin Applications in Extended Reality
Vona, F., Warsinke, M., Kojić, T., Voigt‐Antons, J., & Möller, S. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR) · doi:10.1109/aixvr63409.2025.00028 · Cited by 7
Testing the Unknown – Value of Usability Testing for Complex Professional Systems Development
Tarkkanen, K., Harkke, V., & Reijonen, P. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_24 · Cited by 4
Effect of Level of Problem Description on Problem Discovery Rates: Two Case Studies
Lewis, J. R. (2006) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120605002411 · Cited by 4
Vis-Visschers, R., & Meertens, V. (2013) · Methodology · doi:10.1027/1614-2241/a000072 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Nielsen, J., & Landauer, T. K.
- ORCID
- Nielsen, Jakob
- Venue
- Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '93
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 1993
- Pages
- 206-213
- OpenAlex
- W2099473180
- Cited by
- 1,961
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 108 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Keywords
- usability evaluation, heuristic evaluation, Poisson process model, evaluation planning, user testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
