"Why would anybody do this?": Understanding Older Adults' Motivations and Challenges in Crowd Work
Abstract
Diversifying participation in crowd work can benefit the worker and requester. Increasing numbers of older adults are online, but little is known about their awareness of or how they engage in mainstream crowd work. Through an online survey with 505 seniors, we found that most have never heard of crowd work but would be motivated to complete tasks by earning money or working on interesting or stimulating tasks. We follow up results from the survey with interviews and observations of 14 older adults completing crowd work tasks. While our survey data suggests that financial incentives are encouraging, in-depth interviews reveal that a combination of personal and social incentives may be stronger drivers of participation, but only if older adults can overcome accessibility issues and understand the purpose of crowd work. This paper contributes insights into how crowdsourcing sites could better engage seniors and other users.
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Learning and memory support are often motivating factors for why older adults engage online.
“Learning and memory support are often motivating factors for why older adults engage online [5,9,33].”
From Studying Exploration & Long-Term Use of Voice Assistants by Older Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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Mack, K., McDonnell, E., Jain, D., Lu Wang, L., E. Froehlich, J., & Findlater, L. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445412 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Older Adults
Seifert, A., & Cotten, S. R. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197510636.013.12 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mapping the Research Landscape of the Gig Work for Design on Labour Research
Ma, S., Nisi, V., Zimmerman, J., & Nunes, N. (2023) · International Association of Societies of Design Research Congress (IASDR) · doi:10.21606/iasdr.2023.473 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, P., Hu, S., Wen, B., & Lu, Z. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642959 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Understanding Subpopulations on Mechanical Turk
Vanhove, A. J., Miller, A. D., & Harms, P. D. (2021) · Journal of Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1027/1866-5888/a000281 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nanojobs: Towards an Open Crowd Working Platform for Refugees and Displaced Persons
Lynn, T., Fowley, F., Fox, G., Rosati, P., Endo, P. T., & Ogunsanya, L. (2021) · IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/ihtc53077.2021.9698930 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
From Close the Door to Do not Click and Back. Security by Design for Older Adults
Balcerzak, B., Kopeć, W., Nielek, R., Warpechowski, K., & Czajka, A. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70581-1_3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Evaluating Descriptive Quality of AI-Generated Audio Using Image-Schemas
Kamath, P., Li, Z., Gupta, C., Jaidka, K., Nanayakkara, S. C., & Wyse, L. L. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3581641.3584083 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Senior Programmers: Characteristics of Elderly Users from Stack Overflow
Kowalik, G., & Nielek, R. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47874-6_7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Crowd Work on a CV? Understanding How AMT Fits into Turkers' Career Goals and Professional ProfilesPreprint
Kasunic, A., Chiang, C.-W., Kaufman, G. F., & Savage, S. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.05361 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Personal Task Design Preferences of Crowdworkers
Hirth, M., Borchert, K., Moor, K. D., Borst, V., & Hoßfeld, T. (2020) · International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) · doi:10.1109/qomex48832.2020.9123094 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Can you see me now? Video gatherings and social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic
Marler, W., Hargittai, E., & Nguyen, M. H. (2021) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2021.2007193 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Skorupska, K., Núñez, M., Kopeć, W., & Nielek, R. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29387-1_25 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Understanding Crowdsourcing Requesters’ Wage Setting Behaviors
Hara, K., & Tanaka, Y. (2022) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3491101.3519660 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Schiavo, G., Leonardi, C., Pasolli, M., Sarti, S., & Zancanaro, M. (2017) · International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI) · doi:10.1145/3098279.3098551 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Transitions into and out of the gig economy
Fuentes, A., & González, R. (2025) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2025.2496896 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Das, D., & Semaan, B. (2025) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1007/s10606-025-09516-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Participation in crowdsourcing micro-tasks: what motivates brazilian older adults?
Amorim, A. M., & Vieira, V. (2023) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-023-01023-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The potential for scientific outreach and learning in mechanical turk experiments
Jun, E., Arian, M., & Reinecke, K. (2018) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/3231644.3231666 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploratory study on the motivation of brazilian elderly people in crowdsourcing systems
Amorim, A. M., & Vieira, V. (2019) · Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC) · doi:10.1145/3357155.3360478 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Financial Literacy, Experience, and Age Differences in Monetary Sequence Preferences
Wilson, J. M. (2019) · doi:10.33915/etd.3864 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Disadvantaged in the American-dominated internet”: Sex, Work, and TechnologyPreprint
Barwulor, C., McDonald, A., Hargittai, E., & Redmiles, E. M. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/vzehu · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gamification Techniques and Contribution Filtering in Crowdsourcing Micro-Task Applications
Amorim, A. M., Ribeiro, A., Arouca, M. G., Meijon, I., Cavalheiro, V., Pestana, M. C., & Vieira, V. (2024) · Journal on Interactive Systems · doi:10.5753/jis.2024.3727 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Navigating the Gig Economy as a Caregiver: Understanding the Dual Nature of Nanny Work
Jeong, S., Lee, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757634 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Predicting the Working Time of Microtasks Based on Workers' Perception of Prediction Errors
Saito, S., Chiang, C.-W., Savage, S., Nakano, T., Kobayashi, T., & Bigham, J. P. (2019) · Human Computation · doi:10.15346/hc.v6i1.10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Worker’s Motivation and Planning Strategies on Crowdsourcing Platforms. The Case of Yandex Toloka
Danilova, E. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93715-7_38 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Xia, H. (2023) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1007/s10606-023-09472-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Older Adults and Crowdsourcing: Android TV App for Evaluating TEDx Subtitle QualityPreprint
Skorupska, K., Núñez, M., Kopeć, W., & Nielek, R. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.00267 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Turned 70? It is time to start editing WikipediaPreprint
Nielek, R., Lutostańska, M., Kopeć, W., & Wierzbicki, A. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.10060 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
How well did I do? The effect of feedback on affective commitment in the context of microwork
Staiger, A.-M., Schmidt, J., & von der Oelsnitz, D. (2022) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.636 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meta-Gig: Empowering anyone to create crowd marketplaces
Toxtli, C., & Savage, S. (2020) · Avances en Interacción Humano-Computadora · doi:10.47756/aihc.y5i1.62 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Niesel, C. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.212786 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Work Motivating Factors of the Communications in a Crowd-Powered Microvolunteering Site
Miura, T., Arita, S., Hiyama, A., Kobayashi, M., Itoko, T., Sawamura, J., & Hirose, M. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40250-5_35
AuDi: an Auto-Feedback Display for Crowdsourcing
Tang, X., Zhao, D., Zhang, Y., & Ding, X. (2019) · ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) · doi:10.18420/ecscw2019_ep05
- Authors
- Brewer, R., Morris, M. R., & Piper, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2016-05-07
- Pages
- 2246-2257
- OpenAlex
- W2405742202
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 11.17
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
- Social Sciences › Demography › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
- Keywords
- crowdwork, older adults, crowdsourcing, participation motivation, financial incentives, social incentives, accessibility, task understanding, crowdsourcing platforms
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