Parental Control vs. Teen Self-Regulation: Is there a middle ground for mobile online safety?
Open accessAbstract
We conducted a structured, qualitative feature analysis of 75 Android mobile apps designed for the purpose of promoting adolescent online safety. Through this analysis we identified 42 unique features that mapped to a theoretically derived conceptual framework of teen online safety strategies balanced between parental control strategies (through monitoring, restriction, and active mediation) and teen self-regulation strategies (through self-monitoring, impulse control, and risk-coping). We found that the apps strongly favored features that promote parental control through monitoring and restricting teens' online behaviors over teen self-regulation or more communicative and collaborative practices between parents and teens. We use the lens of value sensitive design to discuss the implications of our results and identify opportunities for designing mobile apps for online safety that embed more positive family values.
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Parents are often the primary stakeholders who care the most about their teens' safety and are frequently responsible for making decisions about online risk management, monitoring, and protection.
“Parents are often the primary stakeholders who care the most about their teens' safety and are frequently responsible for making decisions about online risk management, monitoring, and protection [7, 8, 40, 46, 90].”
From From Vulnerable to Resilient: Examining Parent and Teen Perceptions on How to Respond to Unwanted Cybergrooming Advances (2026) · cites this paper as [90]
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Iftikhar, Z., Haq, Q. R. U., Younus, O., Sardar, T., Arif, H., Javed, M., & Shahid, S. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85610-6_39 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Online safety experiences of autistic young people: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Macmillan, K., Berg, T., Just, M., & Stewart, M. E. (2022) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101995 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Examining Parent Versus Child Reviews of Parental Control Apps on Google Play
Alelyani, T., Ghosh, A. K., Moralez, L. A., Guha, S., & Wiśniewski, P. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21905-5_1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationKOALA Hero: Inform Children of Privacy Risks of Mobile Apps
Zhao, J., Duron, B., & Wang, G. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3501712.3535278 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Badillo-Urquiola, K. A., Agha, Z., Abaquita, D., Harpin, S. B., & Wiśniewski, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3637412 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Towards Conducting Responsible Research with Teens and Parents regarding Online Risks
Agha, Z., Chatlani, N., Razi, A., & Wiśniewski, P. (2020) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3334480.3383073 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Deep Dive into User's Preferences and Behavior around Mobile Phone Sharing
Paudel, R., Dumaru, P., Shrestha, A., Kocabas, H., & Al-Ameen, M. N. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3579595 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ekambaranathan, A., Zhao, J., & Kleek, M. G. V. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3610066 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Examining Parents' Technical Mediation of Teens' Mobile Devices
Ghosh, A. K., Badillo-Urquiola, K. A., Xu, H., Rosson, M. B., Carroll, J. M., & Wiśniewski, P. (2017) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3022198.3026306 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation“Citizens Too”: Safety Setting Collaboration Among Older Adults with Memory Concerns
McDonald, N., & Mentis, H. M. (2021) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3465217 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chowdhury, A., & Bunt, A. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581134 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Towards Resilience and Autonomy-Based Approaches for Adolescents Online SafetyPreprint
Park, J., Akter, M., Ali, N. S., Agha, Z., Alsoubai, A., & Wiśniewski, P. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4608406 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cao, J., Abhinaya, S. B., Das, A., & Emami-Naeini, P. (2024) · IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P) · doi:10.1109/sp54263.2024.00222 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Understanding parents' perceptions of children's cybersecurity awareness in Norway
Quayyum, F., Bueie, J., Cruzes, D. S., Jaccheri, L., & Torrado, J. C. (2021) · International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good (GoodIT) · doi:10.1145/3462203.3475900 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
El-Asam, A., Lane, R., Pearson, K., & Katz, A. (2021) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2021.1991976 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, J., Dong, M., Yang, Z., & Li, Y. (2023) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2022/16761 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chen, P.-C., Hung, M.-W., Lu, H.-S., Yuan, C. W., Bi, N., Lee, W., Huang, M., & You, C.-W. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517478 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tazi, F., Shrestha, S., & Das, S. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3610055 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
"I Just Don’t Care Enough To Be Interested": Teens’ Moment-By-Moment Experiences on Instagram
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Wang, C.-H. A., Sher, S. T.-H., & Chung, C.-F. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3686928 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Improving a Design Space: Pregnancy as a Collaborative Information and Social Support Ecology
Peyton, T., & Wiśniewski, P. (2019) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12388-8_36 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Privacy Challenges for Adolescents as a Vulnerable PopulationPreprint
Razi, A., Agha, Z., Chatlani, N., & Wiśniewski, P. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3587558 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Lascău, L., Gould, S. J. J., Brumby, D. P., & Cox, A. L. (2022) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3491101.3519629 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Designing dyadic caregiver-child personas for interactive digital media use
Abel, C., & Grace, T. D. (2020) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3392063.3394391 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Obajemu, O., Agha, Z., Chowdhury, F. A., & Wiśniewski, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3637413 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
KOALA Hero Toolkit: A New Approach to Inform Families of Mobile Datafication Risks
Wang, G., Zhao, J., Kollnig, K., Zier, A., Duron, B., Zhang, Z., Kleek, M. G. V., & Shadbolt, N. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642283 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Park, J., Ma, R., Ali, N. S., Baptiste, N. J., Agha, Z., & Wiśniewski, P. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3713043.3728840 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Towards Safe Spaces Online: A Study of Indian Matrimonial Websites
Sharma, V., Nardi, B. A., Norton, J., & Tsaasan, A. M. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29387-1_4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Can Messaging Applications Prevent Sexting Abuse? A Technology Analysis
Franco, M., Gaggi, O., & Palazzi, C. E. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3238189 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Caddle, X., Qadir, S., Hughes, C. E., Sweigart, E. A., Park, J., & Wiśniewski, P. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757459 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Understanding Parents’ Concerns with Smart Device Usage in the Home
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Intersectional Thinking about PETs: A Study of Library Privacy
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Understanding Value and Design Choices Made by Android Family App Developers
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Koinig, I., & Diehl, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031556 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cullen, S., Johnson, E. S., Wiśniewski, P., & Page, X. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642567 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Stefanidi, E., Wagener, N., Augsten, D., Augsten, A., Reicherts, L., Woźniak, P. W., Schöning, J., Rogers, Y., & Niess, J. (2024) · ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST) · doi:10.1145/3641825.3687754 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Improving Sexting Safety through Media Forwarding Control
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Understanding User Reviews of Adolescent Mobile Safety Apps
Ghosh, A. K., & Wiśniewski, P. (2016) · International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP) · doi:10.1145/2957276.2996283 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMOSafely: Building an Open-Source HCAI Community to Make the Internet a Safer Place for Youth
Caddle, X., Razi, A., Kim, S.-H., Ali, S., Popo, T., Stringhini, G., Choudhury, M. D., & Wiśniewski, P. (2021) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3462204.3481731 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Su, Z., Kamath, S. P., Tirakitsoontorn, P., & Chen, Y. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642334 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Weighing Benefits and Harms: Parental Mediation on Social Video Platforms
Ma, R., Li, Y., Bai, S., Kou, Y., & Gui, X. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713422 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ali, N. S., Ma, R., Agha, Z., Park, J., & Wiśniewski, P. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757665 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sun, K. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3585088.3593927 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Examining the Effects of Parenting Styles on Offline and Online Adolescent Peer Problems
Ghosh, A. K., Badillo-Urquiola, K. A., & Wiśniewski, P. (2017) · International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP) · doi:10.1145/3148330.3154519 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wisniewski, P., Ghosh, A. K., Xu, H., Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2017-02-25
- Pages
- 51-69
- OpenAlex
- W2588759517
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 95.13
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) (publishedVersion)
- Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (CNS-1018302)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- parental control, mobile application, Android application, parental supervision, parental mediation, self-monitoring, impulse control, risk coping, parent-adolescent communication, value-sensitive design, family values
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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